Case Report: Differences in self-selected pacing in 20, 40, and 60 ironman-distance triathlons: a case study
Triathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, of one professional IRONMAN® triathlete. Event 1 (20 Ironman-distance triathl...
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| Published in | Frontiers in sports and active living Vol. 6; p. 1155844 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
2024
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2624-9367 2624-9367 |
| DOI | 10.3389/fspor.2024.1155844 |
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| Abstract | Triathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, of one professional IRONMAN® triathlete.
Event 1 (20 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20 days), Event 2 (40 Ironman-distance triathlons in 40 days), and Event 3 (60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 60 days) were analyzed by discipline (swimming, cycling, running, and overall event time), by Deca intervals (10 days of consecutive Ironman-distance triathlons) and additional data (sleep duration, body mass, heart rate in cycling and running). To test differences between Events and Deca intervals within the same discipline,
-tests (2 groups) or one-way ANOVAs (3 or more groups) were used.
Swimming splits were fastest in Event 1, (
) cycling and running splits were fastest in both Event 2 and 3, (
) overall speed was fastest in Event 3, (
) sleep duration increased during Event 2 but decreased in Event 3, (
) body mass decreased in Event 2, but increased in Event 3 and (
) heart rate during cycling was similar in both Event 2 and 3. In contrast, heart rate during running was greater in Event 3.
In a professional IRONMAN® triathlete finishing 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, split performances and both anthropometrical and physiological changes such as body mass and heart rate differed depending upon the duration of the events. |
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| AbstractList | BackgroundTriathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, of one professional IRONMAN® triathlete.Case studyEvent 1 (20 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20 days), Event 2 (40 Ironman-distance triathlons in 40 days), and Event 3 (60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 60 days) were analyzed by discipline (swimming, cycling, running, and overall event time), by Deca intervals (10 days of consecutive Ironman-distance triathlons) and additional data (sleep duration, body mass, heart rate in cycling and running). To test differences between Events and Deca intervals within the same discipline, T-tests (2 groups) or one-way ANOVAs (3 or more groups) were used.ResultsSwimming splits were fastest in Event 1, (ii) cycling and running splits were fastest in both Event 2 and 3, (iii) overall speed was fastest in Event 3, (iv) sleep duration increased during Event 2 but decreased in Event 3, (v) body mass decreased in Event 2, but increased in Event 3 and (vi) heart rate during cycling was similar in both Event 2 and 3. In contrast, heart rate during running was greater in Event 3.ConclusionIn a professional IRONMAN® triathlete finishing 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, split performances and both anthropometrical and physiological changes such as body mass and heart rate differed depending upon the duration of the events. Triathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, of one professional IRONMAN® triathlete. Event 1 (20 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20 days), Event 2 (40 Ironman-distance triathlons in 40 days), and Event 3 (60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 60 days) were analyzed by discipline (swimming, cycling, running, and overall event time), by Deca intervals (10 days of consecutive Ironman-distance triathlons) and additional data (sleep duration, body mass, heart rate in cycling and running). To test differences between Events and Deca intervals within the same discipline, -tests (2 groups) or one-way ANOVAs (3 or more groups) were used. Swimming splits were fastest in Event 1, ( ) cycling and running splits were fastest in both Event 2 and 3, ( ) overall speed was fastest in Event 3, ( ) sleep duration increased during Event 2 but decreased in Event 3, ( ) body mass decreased in Event 2, but increased in Event 3 and ( ) heart rate during cycling was similar in both Event 2 and 3. In contrast, heart rate during running was greater in Event 3. In a professional IRONMAN® triathlete finishing 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, split performances and both anthropometrical and physiological changes such as body mass and heart rate differed depending upon the duration of the events. Triathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, of one professional IRONMAN® triathlete.BackgroundTriathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, of one professional IRONMAN® triathlete.Event 1 (20 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20 days), Event 2 (40 Ironman-distance triathlons in 40 days), and Event 3 (60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 60 days) were analyzed by discipline (swimming, cycling, running, and overall event time), by Deca intervals (10 days of consecutive Ironman-distance triathlons) and additional data (sleep duration, body mass, heart rate in cycling and running). To test differences between Events and Deca intervals within the same discipline, T-tests (2 groups) or one-way ANOVAs (3 or more groups) were used.Case studyEvent 1 (20 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20 days), Event 2 (40 Ironman-distance triathlons in 40 days), and Event 3 (60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 60 days) were analyzed by discipline (swimming, cycling, running, and overall event time), by Deca intervals (10 days of consecutive Ironman-distance triathlons) and additional data (sleep duration, body mass, heart rate in cycling and running). To test differences between Events and Deca intervals within the same discipline, T-tests (2 groups) or one-way ANOVAs (3 or more groups) were used.Swimming splits were fastest in Event 1, (ii) cycling and running splits were fastest in both Event 2 and 3, (iii) overall speed was fastest in Event 3, (iv) sleep duration increased during Event 2 but decreased in Event 3, (v) body mass decreased in Event 2, but increased in Event 3 and (vi) heart rate during cycling was similar in both Event 2 and 3. In contrast, heart rate during running was greater in Event 3.ResultsSwimming splits were fastest in Event 1, (ii) cycling and running splits were fastest in both Event 2 and 3, (iii) overall speed was fastest in Event 3, (iv) sleep duration increased during Event 2 but decreased in Event 3, (v) body mass decreased in Event 2, but increased in Event 3 and (vi) heart rate during cycling was similar in both Event 2 and 3. In contrast, heart rate during running was greater in Event 3.In a professional IRONMAN® triathlete finishing 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, split performances and both anthropometrical and physiological changes such as body mass and heart rate differed depending upon the duration of the events.ConclusionIn a professional IRONMAN® triathlete finishing 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, split performances and both anthropometrical and physiological changes such as body mass and heart rate differed depending upon the duration of the events. |
| Author | Forte, Pedro Knechtle, Beat Nikolaidis, Pantelis T. Andrade, Marilia Santos Weiss, Katja Thuany, Mabliny Cuk, Ivan |
| AuthorAffiliation | 5 School Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica , Athens , Greece 9 Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal 1 Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz , St. Gallen , Switzerland 3 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia 4 Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil 7 Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development , Covilhã , Portugal 8 Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança , Bragança , Portugal 2 Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland 6 Research Center for Active Living and Wellbeing, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança , Bragança , Portugal |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 8 Department of Sports Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança , Bragança , Portugal – name: 9 Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal – name: 3 Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia – name: 4 Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil – name: 5 School Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica , Athens , Greece – name: 1 Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz , St. Gallen , Switzerland – name: 6 Research Center for Active Living and Wellbeing, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança , Bragança , Portugal – name: 7 Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development , Covilhã , Portugal – name: 2 Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Beat surname: Knechtle fullname: Knechtle, Beat – sequence: 2 givenname: Ivan surname: Cuk fullname: Cuk, Ivan – sequence: 3 givenname: Marilia Santos surname: Andrade fullname: Andrade, Marilia Santos – sequence: 4 givenname: Pantelis T. surname: Nikolaidis fullname: Nikolaidis, Pantelis T. – sequence: 5 givenname: Katja surname: Weiss fullname: Weiss, Katja – sequence: 6 givenname: Pedro surname: Forte fullname: Forte, Pedro – sequence: 7 givenname: Mabliny surname: Thuany fullname: Thuany, Mabliny |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39351144$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2024 Knechtle, Cuk, Andrade, Nikolaidis, Weiss, Forte and Thuany. 2024 Knechtle, Cuk, Andrade, Nikolaidis, Weiss, Forte and Thuany. 2024 Knechtle, Cuk, Andrade, Nikolaidis, Weiss, Forte and Thuany |
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| Keywords | multi-stage triathlon running swimming cycling pacing |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Case Study-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-4 content type line 23 ObjectType-Report-1 ObjectType-Article-3 Edited by: Olivier Girard, University of Western Australia, Australia Jørgen Melau, Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services (FSAN), Norway Reviewed by: Stuart Evans, La Trobe University, Australia |
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| Snippet | Triathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60... BackgroundTriathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40,... |
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| SubjectTerms | cycling multi-stage triathlon pacing running Sports and Active Living swimming |
| Title | Case Report: Differences in self-selected pacing in 20, 40, and 60 ironman-distance triathlons: a case study |
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