Towards a Miniaturized Photoacoustic Detector for the Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of SO2F2 and Refrigerants

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 1; p. 180
• Main Authors: Yassine, Hassan, Weber, Christian, Brugger, Nicolas, Wöllenstein, Jürgen, Schmitt, Katrin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.01.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Aluminum; Chambers; FTIR; Gas monitoring; Gases; Greenhouse gases; infrared; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectra; Infrared spectroscopy; Laboratories; Lasers; Measurement techniques; photoacoustic spectroscopy; Refrigerants; Sensors; Simulation; Spectroscopic analysis; Spectrum analysis; sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2); United States > US; Germany
• DOI: 10.3390/s23010180
• ISSN: 1424-8220

Sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) is a toxic and potent greenhouse gas that is currently widely used as a fumigant insecticide in houses, food, and shipping containers. Though it poses a major hazard to humans, its detection is still carried out manually and only on a random basis. In this paper, we present a two-chamber photoacoustic approach for continuous SO2F2 sensing. Because of the high toxicity of SO2F2, the concept is to use a non-toxic substituent gas with similar absorption characteristics in the photoacoustic detector chamber, i.e., to measure SO2F2 indirectly. The refrigerants R227ea, R125, R134a, and propene were identified as possible substituents using a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The resulting infrared spectra were used to simulate the sensitivity of the substituents of a photoacoustic sensor to SO2F2 in different concentration ranges and at different optical path lengths. The simulations showed that R227ea has the highest sensitivity to SO2F2 among the substituents and is therefore a promising substituent detector gas. Simulations concerning the possible cross-sensitivity of the photoacoustic detectors to H2O and CO2 were also performed. These results are the first step towards the development of a miniaturized, sensitive, and cost-effective photoacoustic sensor system for SO2F2.