Depth-of-Field-Extended Plenoptic Camera Based on Tunable Multi-Focus Liquid-Crystal Microlens Array
Plenoptic cameras have received a wide range of research interest because it can record the 4D plenoptic function or radiance including the radiation power and ray direction. One of its important applications is digital refocusing, which can obtain 2D images focused at different depths. To achieve d...
Saved in:
| Published in | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 20; no. 15; p. 4142 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Basel
MDPI AG
25.07.2020
MDPI |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Plenoptic cameras have received a wide range of research interest because it can record the 4D plenoptic function or radiance including the radiation power and ray direction. One of its important applications is digital refocusing, which can obtain 2D images focused at different depths. To achieve digital refocusing in a wide range, a large depth of field (DOF) is needed, but there are fundamental optical limitations to this. In this paper, we proposed a plenoptic camera with an extended DOF by integrating a main lens, a tunable multi-focus liquid-crystal microlens array (TMF-LCMLA), and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor together. The TMF-LCMLA was fabricated by traditional photolithography and standard microelectronic techniques, and its optical characteristics including interference patterns, focal lengths, and point spread functions (PSFs) were experimentally analyzed. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed plenoptic camera has a wider range of digital refocusing compared to the plenoptic camera based on a conventional liquid-crystal microlens array (LCMLA) with only one corresponding focal length at a certain voltage, which is equivalent to the extension of DOF. In addition, it also has a 2D/3D switchable function, which is not available with conventional plenoptic cameras. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Plenoptic cameras have received a wide range of research interest because it can record the 4D plenoptic function or radiance including the radiation power and ray direction. One of its important applications is digital refocusing, which can obtain 2D images focused at different depths. To achieve digital refocusing in a wide range, a large depth of field (DOF) is needed, but there are fundamental optical limitations to this. In this paper, we proposed a plenoptic camera with an extended DOF by integrating a main lens, a tunable multi-focus liquid-crystal microlens array (TMF-LCMLA), and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor together. The TMF-LCMLA was fabricated by traditional photolithography and standard microelectronic techniques, and its optical characteristics including interference patterns, focal lengths, and point spread functions (PSFs) were experimentally analyzed. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed plenoptic camera has a wider range of digital refocusing compared to the plenoptic camera based on a conventional liquid-crystal microlens array (LCMLA) with only one corresponding focal length at a certain voltage, which is equivalent to the extension of DOF. In addition, it also has a 2D/3D switchable function, which is not available with conventional plenoptic cameras. Plenoptic cameras have received a wide range of research interest because it can record the 4D plenoptic function or radiance including the radiation power and ray direction. One of its important applications is digital refocusing, which can obtain 2D images focused at different depths. To achieve digital refocusing in a wide range, a large depth of field (DOF) is needed, but there are fundamental optical limitations to this. In this paper, we proposed a plenoptic camera with an extended DOF by integrating a main lens, a tunable multi-focus liquid-crystal microlens array (TMF-LCMLA), and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor together. The TMF-LCMLA was fabricated by traditional photolithography and standard microelectronic techniques, and its optical characteristics including interference patterns, focal lengths, and point spread functions (PSFs) were experimentally analyzed. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed plenoptic camera has a wider range of digital refocusing compared to the plenoptic camera based on a conventional liquid-crystal microlens array (LCMLA) with only one corresponding focal length at a certain voltage, which is equivalent to the extension of DOF. In addition, it also has a 2D/3D switchable function, which is not available with conventional plenoptic cameras.Plenoptic cameras have received a wide range of research interest because it can record the 4D plenoptic function or radiance including the radiation power and ray direction. One of its important applications is digital refocusing, which can obtain 2D images focused at different depths. To achieve digital refocusing in a wide range, a large depth of field (DOF) is needed, but there are fundamental optical limitations to this. In this paper, we proposed a plenoptic camera with an extended DOF by integrating a main lens, a tunable multi-focus liquid-crystal microlens array (TMF-LCMLA), and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor together. The TMF-LCMLA was fabricated by traditional photolithography and standard microelectronic techniques, and its optical characteristics including interference patterns, focal lengths, and point spread functions (PSFs) were experimentally analyzed. Experiments demonstrated that the proposed plenoptic camera has a wider range of digital refocusing compared to the plenoptic camera based on a conventional liquid-crystal microlens array (LCMLA) with only one corresponding focal length at a certain voltage, which is equivalent to the extension of DOF. In addition, it also has a 2D/3D switchable function, which is not available with conventional plenoptic cameras. |
| Author | He, Wenda Zhang, Xinyu Shi, Jiashuo Chen, Mingce Hu, Chai Wei, Dong Wang, Haiwei Xie, Changsheng |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 National Key Laboratory of Science & Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; D201780651@hust.edu.cn (M.C.); M201872714@hust.edu.cn (W.H.); D201677599@hust.edu.cn (D.W.); D201880681@hust.edu.cn (C.H.); D201980727@hust.edu.cn (J.S.) 4 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; hiway@hust.edu.cn (H.W.); Cs_xie@hust.edu.cn (C.X.) 2 School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 3 Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; hiway@hust.edu.cn (H.W.); Cs_xie@hust.edu.cn (C.X.) – name: 3 Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China – name: 1 National Key Laboratory of Science & Technology on Multispectral Information Processing, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; D201780651@hust.edu.cn (M.C.); M201872714@hust.edu.cn (W.H.); D201677599@hust.edu.cn (D.W.); D201880681@hust.edu.cn (C.H.); D201980727@hust.edu.cn (J.S.) – name: 2 School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mingce surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Mingce – sequence: 2 givenname: Wenda surname: He fullname: He, Wenda – sequence: 3 givenname: Dong surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Dong – sequence: 4 givenname: Chai surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Chai – sequence: 5 givenname: Jiashuo surname: Shi fullname: Shi, Jiashuo – sequence: 6 givenname: Xinyu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xinyu – sequence: 7 givenname: Haiwei orcidid: 0000-0002-5258-0073 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Haiwei – sequence: 8 givenname: Changsheng surname: Xie fullname: Xie, Changsheng |
| BookMark | eNptks1vFCEUwImpsR968D-YxIsexvI1M8zFpF1bbbKNHuqZMPBo2bCwBca4_71st2ls4wXI48ePx-Mdo4MQAyD0nuDPjI34NFNMOk44fYWO6shbQSk--Gd9iI5zXmFMGWPiDTpkdKCUj_wIma-wKXdttO2lA2_aiz8FggHT_PQQ4qY43SzUGpJqzlWu4RiamzmoyUNzPfvi2suo59ws3f3sTLtI21yUb66dTrEKcnOWktq-Ra-t8hnePc4n6Nflxc3ie7v88e1qcbZsNed9aSkdNYWx73AnMAxMK8ZJB1wPvTXjYEdBJgWEE2rGTlsLZhqJIET0kxh60bMTdLX3mqhWcpPcWqWtjMrJh0BMt1Kl-iQPcpiA245SmHjPFcfK6iobjK03TtqQ6vqyd23maQ1GQyhJ-WfS5zvB3cnb-FsOnHVM7AQfHwUp3s-Qi1y7rMF7FSDOWVJORdfx-hMV_fACXcU5hVqqB4qRYSS8Up_2VK1tzgnsUzIEy10fyKc-qOzpC1a7ooqLu1yd_8-Jv7EUtDM |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_adem_202301281 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_18530_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtelec_2025_100140 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_21172_w crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2024_3524657 crossref_primary_10_3788_LOP221273 crossref_primary_10_3390_mi14020420 crossref_primary_10_1364_OE_507717 crossref_primary_10_1364_OE_517843 crossref_primary_10_3390_mi11121039 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physrep_2023_03_003 crossref_primary_10_1364_AO_452223 crossref_primary_10_3390_mi11121068 crossref_primary_10_3390_cryst10090835 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_optcom_2024_131416 crossref_primary_10_3390_mi12121453 crossref_primary_10_1364_OE_465683 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSEN_2021_3097129 crossref_primary_10_1051_epjconf_202430909002 crossref_primary_10_3788_LOP232465 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_optlastec_2021_107748 crossref_primary_10_1080_02678292_2021_1900435 crossref_primary_10_3390_mi13020192 crossref_primary_10_3390_s20195557 |
| Cites_doi | 10.3390/s18072019 10.1364/OE.23.000971 10.1117/12.909882 10.3390/s19122687 10.1117/1.3442712 10.1364/OE.27.004435 10.1364/OE.19.008045 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03195.x 10.1109/IST.2017.8261484 10.1364/AO.49.002778 10.1364/OE.26.004035 10.1364/OE.16.002646 10.1364/OE.25.000605 10.1364/OL.40.003564 10.1109/34.121783 10.1364/OE.27.001164 10.1364/OE.27.008800 10.1364/OE.15.011328 10.1364/OE.26.009254 10.1109/LPT.2015.2393875 10.1080/21680396.2018.1440256 10.1038/s41598-017-17688-1 10.1364/OE.24.020324 10.1364/OE.27.018102 10.1364/BOE.6.003179 10.1109/LED.2015.2419511 10.1364/OE.26.018368 10.1364/OE.23.013899 10.1109/LPT.2016.2572258 10.3390/s18072011 10.1103/PhysRevA.33.1270 10.1364/OE.27.010079 10.1063/1.4921194 10.1016/j.jvcir.2017.11.017 10.3390/s19183922 10.1364/OL.44.000387 10.1364/OE.25.014795 10.1364/AO.23.003911 10.3390/s19030500 10.1364/OL.40.000538 10.1364/OE.24.001903 10.1364/OE.24.008527 10.1364/OE.22.010210 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2020 by the authors. 2020 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2020 by the authors. 2020 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7X7 7XB 88E 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH K9. M0S M1P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.3390/s20154142 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Collection Medical Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | Publicly Available Content Database CrossRef MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Engineering |
| EISSN | 1424-8220 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_7be4f522eb464a40afcb917df415bcd1 PMC7435381 10_3390_s20154142 |
| GroupedDBID | --- 123 2WC 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8FE 8FG 8FI 8FJ AADQD AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABUWG ACUHS ADBBV ADMLS AENEX AFKRA AFZYC ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BENPR BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CITATION CS3 D1I DU5 E3Z EBD ESX F5P FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HH5 HMCUK HYE KQ8 L6V M1P M48 MODMG M~E OK1 OVT P2P P62 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RNS RPM TUS UKHRP XSB ~8M 3V. 7XB 8FK AZQEC DWQXO K9. PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-229c2e9650580e73ca3415e4c76fd97f981bae1412d95cffedb9181186b876863 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 1424-8220 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 00:59:35 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 17:58:22 EDT 2025 Thu Jul 10 22:13:57 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 20:47:30 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 22:55:45 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 03:55:41 EDT 2025 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 15 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c446t-229c2e9650580e73ca3415e4c76fd97f981bae1412d95cffedb9181186b876863 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5258-0073 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.3390/s20154142 |
| PMID | 32722494 |
| PQID | 2428317914 |
| PQPubID | 2032333 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_7be4f522eb464a40afcb917df415bcd1 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7435381 proquest_miscellaneous_2428554272 proquest_journals_2428317914 crossref_primary_10_3390_s20154142 crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_s20154142 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20200725 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-07-25 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 7 year: 2020 text: 20200725 day: 25 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Basel |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Basel |
| PublicationTitle | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | MDPI AG MDPI |
| Publisher_xml | – name: MDPI AG – name: MDPI |
| References | Lin (ref_14) 2015; 6 Kim (ref_7) 2014; 22 Algorri (ref_22) 2017; 25 Ren (ref_27) 2008; 16 Dou (ref_37) 2018; 26 Wang (ref_30) 2015; 40 ref_13 ref_12 Kwon (ref_16) 2015; 27 Hassanfiroozi (ref_41) 2016; 24 ref_11 Algorri (ref_26) 2015; 23 Fraval (ref_45) 2010; 49 Algorri (ref_32) 2017; 25 Adelson (ref_10) 1992; 14 ref_39 Lei (ref_18) 2015; 86 Tong (ref_20) 2016; 24 Ren (ref_31) 2007; 15 ref_38 Gvozden (ref_47) 2018; 50 ref_15 Levoy (ref_3) 2009; 235 Wu (ref_46) 1986; 33 Ng (ref_1) 2005; 2 Tong (ref_21) 2018; 26 Ma (ref_34) 2019; 27 Hassanfiroozi (ref_29) 2015; 23 Shen (ref_33) 2019; 27 Algorri (ref_40) 2017; 7 Li (ref_28) 2011; 19 Zhang (ref_36) 2019; 44 ref_42 Shen (ref_25) 2015; 40 Wu (ref_43) 1984; 23 Chou (ref_44) 2019; 27 Kim (ref_4) 2019; 27 Cai (ref_8) 2016; 24 Algorri (ref_17) 2016; 28 Lumsdaine (ref_2) 2010; 19 ref_9 Xin (ref_19) 2018; 26 Algorri (ref_23) 2015; 36 Lin (ref_24) 2017; 5 ref_5 Xiong (ref_35) 2019; 27 ref_6 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref_11 doi: 10.3390/s18072019 – volume: 23 start-page: 971 year: 2015 ident: ref_29 article-title: Hexagonal liquid crystal lens array for 3D endoscopy publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.23.000971 – ident: ref_39 doi: 10.1117/12.909882 – ident: ref_9 doi: 10.3390/s19122687 – volume: 19 start-page: 021106 year: 2010 ident: ref_2 article-title: Focused plenoptic camera and rendering publication-title: J. Electron. Imaging doi: 10.1117/1.3442712 – volume: 2 start-page: 1 year: 2005 ident: ref_1 article-title: Light field photography with a hand-held plenoptic camera publication-title: Stanf. Tech. Rep. CTSR – volume: 27 start-page: 4435 year: 2019 ident: ref_4 article-title: Large area fabrication of engineered microlens array with low sag height for light-field imaging publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.27.004435 – volume: 19 start-page: 8045 year: 2011 ident: ref_28 article-title: Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.19.008045 – volume: 235 start-page: 144 year: 2009 ident: ref_3 article-title: Recording and controlling the 4D light field in a microscope using microlens arrays publication-title: J. Microsc. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03195.x – ident: ref_6 doi: 10.1109/IST.2017.8261484 – volume: 49 start-page: 2778 year: 2010 ident: ref_45 article-title: Low aberrations symmetrical adaptive modal liquid crystal lens with short focal lengths publication-title: Appl. Opt. doi: 10.1364/AO.49.002778 – volume: 26 start-page: 4035 year: 2018 ident: ref_19 article-title: Dual-polarized light-field imaging micro-system via a liquid-crystal microlens array for direct three-dimensional observation publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.26.004035 – volume: 16 start-page: 2646 year: 2008 ident: ref_27 article-title: Tunable-focus liquid microlens array using dielectrophoretic effect publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.16.002646 – ident: ref_42 – volume: 25 start-page: 605 year: 2017 ident: ref_22 article-title: Liquid crystal spherical microlens array with high fill factor and optical power publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.25.000605 – volume: 40 start-page: 3564 year: 2015 ident: ref_30 article-title: Extended depth-of-field 3D endoscopy with synthetic aperture integral imaging using an electrically tunable focal-length liquid-crystal lens publication-title: Opt. Lett. doi: 10.1364/OL.40.003564 – volume: 14 start-page: 99 year: 1992 ident: ref_10 article-title: Single lens stereo with a plenoptic camera publication-title: IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. doi: 10.1109/34.121783 – volume: 27 start-page: 1164 year: 2019 ident: ref_44 article-title: Hybrid light field head-mounted display using time-multiplexed liquid crystal lens array for resolution enhancement publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.27.001164 – volume: 27 start-page: 8800 year: 2019 ident: ref_33 article-title: Liquid crystal tunable terahertz lens with spin-selected focusing property publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.27.008800 – volume: 15 start-page: 11328 year: 2007 ident: ref_31 article-title: Liquid crystal lens with large focal length tunability and low operating voltage publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.15.011328 – volume: 26 start-page: 9254 year: 2018 ident: ref_37 article-title: Large aperture liquid crystal lens array using a composited alignment layer publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.26.009254 – volume: 27 start-page: 836 year: 2015 ident: ref_16 article-title: A Gradient Index Liquid Crystal Microlens Array for Light-Field Camera Applications publication-title: IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LPT.2015.2393875 – volume: 5 start-page: 111 year: 2017 ident: ref_24 article-title: Liquid crystal lenses with tunable focal length publication-title: Liq. Cryst. Rev. doi: 10.1080/21680396.2018.1440256 – volume: 7 start-page: 17318 year: 2017 ident: ref_40 article-title: Tunable liquid crystal multifocal microlens array publication-title: Sci. Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17688-1 – volume: 24 start-page: 20324 year: 2016 ident: ref_8 article-title: Structured light field 3D imaging publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.24.020324 – volume: 27 start-page: 18102 year: 2019 ident: ref_35 article-title: Device simulation of liquid crystal polarization gratings publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.27.018102 – volume: 6 start-page: 3179 year: 2015 ident: ref_14 article-title: Camera array based light field microscopy publication-title: Biomed. Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/BOE.6.003179 – volume: 36 start-page: 582 year: 2015 ident: ref_23 article-title: Cylindrical Liquid Crystal Microlens Array With Rotary Optical Power and Tunable Focal Length publication-title: IEEE Electron Device Lett. doi: 10.1109/LED.2015.2419511 – volume: 26 start-page: 18368 year: 2018 ident: ref_21 article-title: Depth of field extension and objective space depth measurement based on wavefront imaging publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.26.018368 – volume: 23 start-page: 13899 year: 2015 ident: ref_26 article-title: Tunable liquid crystal cylindrical micro-optical array for aberration compensation publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.23.013899 – volume: 28 start-page: 1854 year: 2016 ident: ref_17 article-title: Integral Imaging Capture System With Tunable Field of View Based on Liquid Crystal Microlenses publication-title: IEEE Photon Technol. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LPT.2016.2572258 – ident: ref_13 doi: 10.3390/s18072011 – volume: 33 start-page: 1270 year: 1986 ident: ref_46 article-title: Birefringence dispersions of liquid crystals publication-title: Phys. Rev. A doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.33.1270 – volume: 27 start-page: 10079 year: 2019 ident: ref_34 article-title: Fast switching ferroelectric liquid crystal Pancharatnam-Berry lens publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.27.010079 – volume: 86 start-page: 053101 year: 2015 ident: ref_18 article-title: An electrically tunable plenoptic camera using a liquid crystal microlens array publication-title: Rev. Sci. Instrum. doi: 10.1063/1.4921194 – ident: ref_15 – volume: 50 start-page: 145 year: 2018 ident: ref_47 article-title: Blind image sharpness assessment based on local contrast map statistics publication-title: J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. doi: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2017.11.017 – ident: ref_12 doi: 10.3390/s19183922 – volume: 44 start-page: 387 year: 2019 ident: ref_36 article-title: Integral imaging-based 2D/3D convertible display system by using holographic optical element and polymer dispersed liquid crystal publication-title: Opt. Lett. doi: 10.1364/OL.44.000387 – volume: 25 start-page: 14795 year: 2017 ident: ref_32 article-title: Low aberration and fast switching microlenses based on a novel liquid crystal mixture publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.25.014795 – ident: ref_38 – volume: 23 start-page: 3911 year: 1984 ident: ref_43 article-title: Birefringence measurements of liquid crystals publication-title: Appl. Opt. doi: 10.1364/AO.23.003911 – ident: ref_5 doi: 10.3390/s19030500 – volume: 40 start-page: 538 year: 2015 ident: ref_25 article-title: Extended depth-of-focus 3D micro integral imaging display using a bifocal liquid crystal lens publication-title: Opt. Lett. doi: 10.1364/OL.40.000538 – volume: 24 start-page: 1903 year: 2016 ident: ref_20 article-title: Dual-mode photosensitive arrays based on the integration of liquid crystal microlenses and CMOS sensors for obtaining the intensity images and wavefronts of objects publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.24.001903 – volume: 24 start-page: 8527 year: 2016 ident: ref_41 article-title: Dual layer electrode liquid crystal lens for 2D/3D tunable endoscopy imaging system publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.24.008527 – volume: 22 start-page: 10210 year: 2014 ident: ref_7 article-title: Real-time integral imaging system for light field microscopy publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.22.010210 |
| SSID | ssj0023338 |
| Score | 2.4274657 |
| Snippet | Plenoptic cameras have received a wide range of research interest because it can record the 4D plenoptic function or radiance including the radiation power and... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest crossref |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database |
| StartPage | 4142 |
| SubjectTerms | 2D/3D switchable function Aluminum Cameras CMOS depth-of-field (DOF) extension Electric fields Electrodes Light liquid-crystal (LC) device plenoptic camera Sensors |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Pa9swFBajp-4w1m6j2dqijR12EZUlRY6ObdpQSrNTCr0Z_aSBYKdJfMh_v_dsJ8RQ2KVXS9jPT09-3yc_fSLkt8u0S5kJTHKXmJLaM5eSYTxlXksLCUPjRuHpX33_pB6eh88HR31hTVgrD9w67ip3USUACdEpraziNnkHFCMkyDzOh4b4QM7bkamOaklgXq2OkARSf7UWCBUyJXrZpxHp7yHLfl3kQaKZfCafOoRIr1vLTsiHWJ6Sjwe6gV9IuI3LzQurEptgARq761ayKVa2V_AR8HRscbWJ3kCSCrQq6axuNknRZsMtm1S-XtPH-Ws9D2y82gJEXNAp1ubBDdbw7JXdfiVPk7vZ-J51xyUwD5xuw4QwXkQDkGs44jGX3kKGGkblc52CyZMBhGpjpjIRzNCnFAM4cgQEQzv4JI60_EaOyqqMZ4Q65bjlwfORc4rHYFAmkEsvjQoBBmRA_uzcWPhOSxyPtFgUwCnQ48Xe4wPya9912QpovNXpBsdi3wE1r5sLEAlFFwnF_yJhQM53I1l0E3FdCBSUQwlWsPnnvhmmEP4XsWWs6rYPoCqRgx15LwJ6BvVbyvlLI8YNCAxyRvb9Pd7gBzkWSOc5imeck6PNqo4XgHk27rIJ73_0cALd priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection dbid: 8FG link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELagXOCAWh5iS0EGceBi1Xa8TnxC7dK0QpRTK_UWxS-6UpVsN5tD_z0zWW9oJMQ1tuL3zDfj8TeEfLFC2yiMZxm3kalMO2ZjNIxH4XRWg8LQ-FD48pe-uFY_buY3yeHWpbDKnUwcBLVvHfrIjyUygyGXpvq2umeYNQpvV1MKjafkmQBNgyFdRXk-GlwZ2F9bNqEMTPvjTiJgEEpOdNBA1T_Bl9PoyEfqptwnLxNOpCfbhT0gT0Lzirx4xB74mvjvYbW5ZW1kJYahsbPkz6YY396CKHB0UaPPiZ6CqvK0behVPzyVosOzW1a2ru_oz-V9v_RssX4AoHhHLzFCD37QQdvr-uENuS7PrhYXLCVNYA4suw2T0jgZDACvecFDnrka9NQ8KJfr6E0eDeDUOgglpDdzF2Pw1oCWF4W2IBgLnb0le03bhHeEWmV5zb3jhbWKB2-QLJBnLjPKexvUjHzdTWPlEqM4Jra4q8CywBmvxhmfkc9j1dWWRuNflU5xLcYKyHw9fGjXv6t0kKocGo4AGoNVWtWK19HBAHIfYZTWeTEjR7uVrNJx7Kq_m2dGPo3FcJDwdqRuQttv6wC2kjn0I5_sgEmHpiXN8nag5AYcBppDHP6_8ffkuURznSM5xhHZ26z78AEwzcZ-HDbuH5Wk-Sw priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest |
| Title | Depth-of-Field-Extended Plenoptic Camera Based on Tunable Multi-Focus Liquid-Crystal Microlens Array |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2428317914 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2428554272 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7435381 https://doaj.org/article/7be4f522eb464a40afcb917df415bcd1 |
| Volume | 20 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3Na9swFBdde9kOY90Hy9oFdeywizbZVizrMMaSxitjKWM0kJuxvtpAsFsnhua_33uOY2rosRcf7IclPX2835Oefo-QzzqItQ-UZRHXnokoNkx7rxj3gYmjHAxGjBeFZ5fxxVz8XowWB2SfY7NV4PpR1w7zSc2r1df7u-0PmPDf0eMEl_3bOkQgEAhYiY_AIElMZDAT3WFCGIEbtiMV6ov3TFHD2N-Dmf0gyQdWJ31FXrZwkf7c9e8xOXDFa_LiAYngG2LP3e3mhpWepRiNxqbttjbFMPcSVgRDJzluPdExWCxLy4Je1c2NKdrcvmVpaeo1_bO8q5eWTaot4MUVnWGgHvxgDWVX-fYtmafTq8kFa3MnMAMO3oaFoTKhU4C_Rgl3MjI5mKuRE0bG3irpFcDV3AUiCK0aGe-d1QqMfZDEGtbHJI7ekcOiLNx7QrXQPOfW8ERrwZ1VyBnIIxMpYa12YkC-7NWYmZZYHPNbrDJwMFDjWafxAfnUid7u2DQeExpjX3QCSIDdvCir66ydT5mEgj1gR6dFLHLBc2-gAdJ6aKU2NhiQ031PZvtBlYXILod8rFDns-4zzCc8JMkLV9Y7GYBYoYR6yN4I6FWo_6VY3jTM3ADHwIAEH56iBSfkeYi-PUcmjVNyuKlq9xEA0EYPyTO5kPBM0l9DcjSeXv79N2w2E4bNwP8P-skMiw |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwELZKOQCHiqdYWsAgkLhYdRxvsj4gRLcNW7rb01bqLcQvulKVbDcbof1T_EZmkmxoJMSt19iKE3s884098w0hH3QQaR8oy0KuPZNhZJj2XjHuAxOFGRiMCBOFZ-fR5EJ-vxxe7pDf21wYDKvc6sRaUdvC4Bn5oUBmMOTSlF-WNwyrRuHt6raERiMWZ27zC1y28vPpMazvRyGSk_l4wtqqAsyA67NmQigjnAJkMhxxF4cmA0U-dNLEkbcq9gqAXOYCGQirhsZ7Z7UCMxiMIg2aYxSF8N575L4MwZJjZnryrXPwQvD3GvYiaOSHpUCAEkjRs3l1aYAenu1HY94yb8ljstfiUvq1EaQnZMflT8mjW2yFz4g9dsv1FSs8SzDsjZ205-cU4-kLUD2GjjM846JHYBotLXI6r-rULFqn-bKkMFVJp4ubamHZeLUBYHpNZxgRCC8oYexVtnlOLu5kOl-Q3bzI3UtCtdQ849bwkdaSO6uQnJCHJlTSWu3kgHzaTmNqWgZzLKRxnYIngzOedjM-IO-7rsuGtuNfnY5wLboOyLRdPyhWP9N246YxDOwBpDotI5lJnnkDPxBbD3-pjQ0G5GC7kmm7_cv0r7AOyLuuGTYu3sZkuSuqpg9gORHDd8Q9Ceh9UL8lX1zVFOCA-8BSBa_-P_hb8mAyn03T6en52T55KPCogCMxxwHZXa8q9xrw1Fq_qYWYkh93vWv-APdMNQ0 |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1La9wwEBbpBkp7CH2SbdNWLS30IlaWtfbqUEr3YZImWUJJIDfXejULwd7sg7B_rb-uM7bXjaH0lqslJFkazXwjjb4h5KMOIu0DZVnItWcyjAzT3ivGfWCiMAODEeFD4dNpdHghv1_2L3fI7-1bGAyr3OrEUlHbwuAZeU8gMxhyacqer8MizsbJ1_kNwwxSeNO6TadRicix29yC-7b8cjSGtf4kRDI5Hx2yOsMAM-AGrZgQyginAKX0B9zFoclAqfedNHHkrYq9AlCXuUAGwqq-8d5ZrcAkBoNIgxYZRCG0-4DsxugVdcjucDI9-9G4eyF4fxWXURgq3lsKhCuBFC0LWCYKaKHbdmzmHWOXPCF7NUql3yqxekp2XP6MPL7DXfic2LGbr65Y4VmCQXBsUp-mU4yuL0ARGTrK8MSLDsFQWlrk9HxdPtSi5aNflhRmvaQns5v1zLLRYgMw9ZqeYnwgNLCEvhfZ5gW5uJcJfUk6eZG7fUK11Dzj1vCB1pI7q5CqkIcmVNJa7WSXfN5OY2pqPnNMq3Gdgl-DM542M94lH5qq84rE41-VhrgWTQXk3S4_FItfab2N0xg69gBZnZaRzCTPvIEfiK2Hv9TGBl1ysF3JtFYGy_Sv6HbJ-6YYtjHezWS5K9ZVHUB2IoZxxC0JaA2oXZLPrkpCcECBYLeCV__v_B15CDsmPTmaHr8mjwSeG3Bk6TggndVi7d4AuFrpt7UUU_LzvjfOH07aOp8 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Depth-of-Field-Extended+Plenoptic+Camera+Based+on+Tunable+Multi-Focus+Liquid-Crystal+Microlens+Array&rft.jtitle=Sensors+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=Mingce+Chen&rft.au=Wenda+He&rft.au=Dong+Wei&rft.au=Chai+Hu&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=1424-8220&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=4142&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fs20154142&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_7be4f522eb464a40afcb917df415bcd1 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1424-8220&client=summon |