Elevated Levels of Endocannabinoids in Chronic Hepatitis C May Modulate Cellular Immune Response and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation

The endocannabinoid (EC) system is implicated in many chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Cannabis consumption is associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), however, the role of ECs in the development of CHC has never been explor...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 16; no. 4; pp. 7057 - 7076
Main Authors Patsenker, Eleonora, Sachse, Philip, Chicca, Andrea, Gachet, María, Schneider, Vreni, Mattsson, Johan, Lanz, Christian, Worni, Mathias, De Gottardi, Andrea, Semmo, Mariam, Hampe, Jochen, Schafmayer, Clemens, Brenneisen, Rudolf, Gertsch, Jürg, Stickel, Felix, Semmo, Nasser
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 27.03.2015
MDPI
Subjects
Adult
Amidohydrolases - metabolism
Arachidonic Acids - blood
Arachidonic Acids - metabolism
Cells, Cultured
Cellular biology
Cytokines - metabolism
Endocannabinoids - blood
Endocannabinoids - metabolism
Female
Glycerides - blood
Glycerides - metabolism
Hepatic Stellate Cells - metabolism
Hepatic Stellate Cells - pathology
Hepatitis
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis C, Chronic - enzymology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - immunology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - pathology
Humans
Immune system
Immunity, Cellular
Liver
Male
Marijuana
Middle Aged
Monoacylglycerol Lipases - metabolism
Polyunsaturated Alkamides - blood
Polyunsaturated Alkamides - metabolism
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Abstract The endocannabinoid (EC) system is implicated in many chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Cannabis consumption is associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), however, the role of ECs in the development of CHC has never been explored. To study this question, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) were quantified in samples of HCV patients and healthy controls by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoaclyglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity was assessed by [3H]AEA and [3H]2-AG hydrolysis, respectively. Gene expression and cytokine release were assayed by TaqMan PCR and ELISpot, respectively. AEA and 2-AG levels were increased in plasma of HCV patients, but not in liver tissues. Hepatic FAAH and MAGL activity was not changed. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), ECs inhibited IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 secretion. Inhibition of IL-2 by endogenous AEA was stronger in PBMC from HCV patients. In hepatocytes, 2-AG induced the expression of IL-6, -17A, -32 and COX-2, and enhanced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) co-cultivated with PBMC from subjects with CHC. In conclusion, ECs are increased in plasma of patients with CHC and might reveal immunosuppressive and profibrogenic effects.
AbstractList The endocannabinoid (EC) system is implicated in many chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Cannabis consumption is associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), however, the role of ECs in the development of CHC has never been explored. To study this question, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) were quantified in samples of HCV patients and healthy controls by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoaclyglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity was assessed by [3H]AEA and [3H]2-AG hydrolysis, respectively. Gene expression and cytokine release were assayed by TaqMan PCR and ELISpot, respectively. AEA and 2-AG levels were increased in plasma of HCV patients, but not in liver tissues. Hepatic FAAH and MAGL activity was not changed. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), ECs inhibited IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 secretion. Inhibition of IL-2 by endogenous AEA was stronger in PBMC from HCV patients. In hepatocytes, 2-AG induced the expression of IL-6, -17A, -32 and COX-2, and enhanced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) co-cultivated with PBMC from subjects with CHC. In conclusion, ECs are increased in plasma of patients with CHC and might reveal immunosuppressive and profibrogenic effects.The endocannabinoid (EC) system is implicated in many chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Cannabis consumption is associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), however, the role of ECs in the development of CHC has never been explored. To study this question, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) were quantified in samples of HCV patients and healthy controls by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoaclyglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity was assessed by [3H]AEA and [3H]2-AG hydrolysis, respectively. Gene expression and cytokine release were assayed by TaqMan PCR and ELISpot, respectively. AEA and 2-AG levels were increased in plasma of HCV patients, but not in liver tissues. Hepatic FAAH and MAGL activity was not changed. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), ECs inhibited IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 secretion. Inhibition of IL-2 by endogenous AEA was stronger in PBMC from HCV patients. In hepatocytes, 2-AG induced the expression of IL-6, -17A, -32 and COX-2, and enhanced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) co-cultivated with PBMC from subjects with CHC. In conclusion, ECs are increased in plasma of patients with CHC and might reveal immunosuppressive and profibrogenic effects.
The endocannabinoid (EC) system is implicated in many chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Cannabis consumption is associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), however, the role of ECs in the development of CHC has never been explored. To study this question, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) were quantified in samples of HCV patients and healthy controls by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoaclyglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity was assessed by [3H]AEA and [3H]2-AG hydrolysis, respectively. Gene expression and cytokine release were assayed by TaqMan PCR and ELISpot, respectively. AEA and 2-AG levels were increased in plasma of HCV patients, but not in liver tissues. Hepatic FAAH and MAGL activity was not changed. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), ECs inhibited IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 secretion. Inhibition of IL-2 by endogenous AEA was stronger in PBMC from HCV patients. In hepatocytes, 2-AG induced the expression of IL-6, -17A, -32 and COX-2, and enhanced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) co-cultivated with PBMC from subjects with CHC. In conclusion, ECs are increased in plasma of patients with CHC and might reveal immunosuppressive and profibrogenic effects.
The endocannabinoid (EC) system is implicated in many chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Cannabis consumption is associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), however, the role of ECs in the development of CHC has never been explored. To study this question, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) were quantified in samples of HCV patients and healthy controls by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoaclyglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity was assessed by [ super(3)H]AEA and [ super(3)H]2-AG hydrolysis, respectively. Gene expression and cytokine release were assayed by TaqMan PCR and ELISpot, respectively. AEA and 2-AG levels were increased in plasma of HCV patients, but not in liver tissues. Hepatic FAAH and MAGL activity was not changed. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), ECs inhibited IFN-[gamma], TNF-[alpha], and IL-2 secretion. Inhibition of IL-2 by endogenous AEA was stronger in PBMC from HCV patients. In hepatocytes, 2-AG induced the expression of IL-6, -17A, -32 and COX-2, and enhanced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) co-cultivated with PBMC from subjects with CHC. In conclusion, ECs are increased in plasma of patients with CHC and might reveal immunosuppressive and profibrogenic effects.
The endocannabinoid (EC) system is implicated in many chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Cannabis consumption is associated with fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), however, the role of ECs in the development of CHC has never been explored. To study this question, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) were quantified in samples of HCV patients and healthy controls by gas and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoaclyglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity was assessed by [ 3 H]AEA and [ 3 H]2-AG hydrolysis, respectively. Gene expression and cytokine release were assayed by TaqMan PCR and ELISpot, respectively. AEA and 2-AG levels were increased in plasma of HCV patients, but not in liver tissues. Hepatic FAAH and MAGL activity was not changed. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), ECs inhibited IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 secretion. Inhibition of IL-2 by endogenous AEA was stronger in PBMC from HCV patients. In hepatocytes, 2-AG induced the expression of IL-6, -17A, -32 and COX-2, and enhanced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) co-cultivated with PBMC from subjects with CHC. In conclusion, ECs are increased in plasma of patients with CHC and might reveal immunosuppressive and profibrogenic effects.
Author Chicca, Andrea
Lanz, Christian
De Gottardi, Andrea
Semmo, Mariam
Hampe, Jochen
Patsenker, Eleonora
Mattsson, Johan
Brenneisen, Rudolf
Sachse, Philip
Stickel, Felix
Gertsch, Jürg
Semmo, Nasser
Schneider, Vreni
Worni, Mathias
Gachet, María
Schafmayer, Clemens
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Clinical Research, Laboratory of Phytopharmacology, Bioanalytics and Pharmacokinetics, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland; E-Mails: Johan.Mattsson@insel.ch (J.M.); christian.lanz@dkf.unibe.ch (C.L.); rudolf.brenneisen@dkf.unibe.ch (R.B.)
4 Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland; E-Mails: christian.lanz@dkf.unibe.ch (M.W.); andrea.degottardi@ikp.unibe.ch (A.G.)
5 Department of Nephrology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern 3010, Switzerland; E-Mail: Mariam.Semmo@insel.ch
7 Department of Visceral Surgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany; E-Mail: clemens.schafmayer@uksh-kiel.de
2 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland; E-Mails: andrea.chicca@ibmm.unibe.ch (A.C.); maria.gachet@ibmm.unibe.ch (M.S.G.); juerg.gertsch@ibmm.unibe.ch (J.G.)
6 Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Dresden, Dres
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland; E-Mails: andrea.chicca@ibmm.unibe.ch (A.C.); maria.gachet@ibmm.unibe.ch (M.S.G.); juerg.gertsch@ibmm.unibe.ch (J.G.)
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25826533$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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PublicationTitle International journal of molecular sciences
PublicationTitleAlternate Int J Mol Sci
PublicationYear 2015
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
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Snippet The endocannabinoid (EC) system is implicated in many chronic liver diseases, including hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. Cannabis consumption is associated...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Amidohydrolases - metabolism
Arachidonic Acids - blood
Arachidonic Acids - metabolism
Cells, Cultured
Cellular biology
Cytokines - metabolism
Endocannabinoids - blood
Endocannabinoids - metabolism
Female
Glycerides - blood
Glycerides - metabolism
Hepatic Stellate Cells - metabolism
Hepatic Stellate Cells - pathology
Hepatitis
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis C, Chronic - enzymology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - immunology
Hepatitis C, Chronic - pathology
Humans
Immune system
Immunity, Cellular
Liver
Male
Marijuana
Middle Aged
Monoacylglycerol Lipases - metabolism
Polyunsaturated Alkamides - blood
Polyunsaturated Alkamides - metabolism
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Title Elevated Levels of Endocannabinoids in Chronic Hepatitis C May Modulate Cellular Immune Response and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation
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Volume 16
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