A Prospective Study of Brooding and Reflection as Moderators of the Relationship between Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence

• Published in: Cognitive therapy and research Vol. 36; no. 4; pp. 290 - 299
• Main Authors: Cox, Stephanie, Funasaki, Kristyn, Smith, Lauren, Mezulis, Amy H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Springer US 01.08.2012; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescence; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Age; Biological and medical sciences; Child development; Clinical Psychology; Cognitive ability; Cognitive Psychology; Depression; Hypotheses; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mental depression; Mood disorders; Original Article; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Quality of Life Research; Rumination; Stress; Teenagers; Adolescence; Depression; Reflection; Rumination; Stress; Brooding; Human; Mood disorder; Symptomatology; Follow up study; Adolescent
• ISSN: 0147-5916; 1573-2819
• DOI: 10.1007/s10608-011-9373-z

This study examined rumination as a moderator of the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms in a sample of adolescents using a multi-wave prospective design. Stressors were analyzed by domain (independent/dependent and interpersonal/noninterpersonal) and both brooding and reflection subtypes of rumination were examined as moderators. At the baseline assessment, 111 adolescents (ages 14–19) reported rumination and depressive symptoms. Youth were subsequently asked to complete a weekly diary assessment for 8 consecutive weeks, and again at 12 weeks, during which stressors and depressive symptoms were reported. Results indicated that brooding, but not reflection, moderated the relationship between stress and depression, for nearly all domains of stress. All results were in the expected direction, suggesting that the greater tendency to brood exacerbates the effects of stress on depression, whereas the greater tendency to reflect does not.