Magnetohydrodynamical Torsional Oscillations from Thermoresistive Instability in Hot Jupiters

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 959; no. 1; pp. 41 - 50
• Main Authors: Hardy, Raphaël, Charbonneau, Paul, Cumming, Andrew
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01.12.2023; IOP Publishing
• Subjects: Astrophysical fluid dynamics; Astrophysics; Atmospheric dynamics; Atmospheric models; Atmospheric temperature; Electrical conductivity; Electrical resistivity; Equatorial regions; Exoplanet atmospheric dynamics; Exoplanet atmospheric variability; Extrasolar planets; Field strength; Fluid flow; Gas giant planets; Instability; Jupiter; Magnetic fields; Magnetohydrodynamics; Modelling; One dimensional models; Reynolds number; Stability; Temperature; Temperature dependence; Torsional oscillations
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad0968
• ISSN: 0004-637X

Hot Jupiter atmospheres may be subject to a thermoresistive instability where an increase in the electrical conductivity due to ohmic heating results in runaway of the atmospheric temperature. We introduce a simplified one-dimensional model of the equatorial substellar region of a hot Jupiter that includes the temperature dependence and time dependence of the electrical conductivity, as well as the dynamical back-reaction of the magnetic field on the flow. This model extends our previous one-zone model to include the radial structure of the atmosphere. Spatial gradients of electrical conductivity strongly modify the radial profile of Alfvénic oscillations, leading to steepening and downward transport of magnetic field, enhancing dissipation at depth. We find unstable solutions that lead to self-sustained oscillations for equilibrium temperatures in the range T eq ≈ 1000–1200 K and radial magnetic field strength in the range ≈10–100 G. For a given set of parameters, self-sustained oscillations occur in a narrow range of equilibrium temperatures that allow the magnetic Reynolds number to alternate between large and small values during an oscillation cycle. With our simplified geometry, outside of this temperature window the system reaches a steady state in which the effect of the magnetic field can be approximated as a magnetic drag term. Our results show that thermoresistive instability is a possible source of variability in magnetized hot Jupiters at colder temperatures and emphasize the importance of including the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity in models of atmospheric dynamics.