Carbon dioxide exchange and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration along an elevation gradient in an arctic tundra ecosystem

•There was no temperature gradient along 9–387 m elevation gradient in arctic tundra.•Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences drove ecosystem CO2 exchange.•Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 °C increased with elevation.•Elevation did not regulate temperature sensitiv...

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Published inGeoderma Vol. 452; p. 117108
Main Authors Xu, Wenyi, Westergaard-Nielsen, Andreas, Michelsen, Anders, Lennart Ambus, Per
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.12.2024
Elsevier
Subjects
air
altitude
ammonium
carbon
carbon dioxide
climate change
Ecosystem respiration
ecosystems
Greenland
Gross ecosystem production
gross primary productivity
Markvetenskap
microclimate
Moisture sensitivity
Net ecosystem exchange
soil nutrient dynamics
Soil nutrients
soil respiration
Soil Science
soil water
temperature
Temperature sensitivity
total nitrogen
tundra
Greenland
Net ecosystem exchange
Soil nutrients
Temperature sensitivity
Gross ecosystem production
Ecosystem respiration
Moisture sensitivity
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Abstract •There was no temperature gradient along 9–387 m elevation gradient in arctic tundra.•Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences drove ecosystem CO2 exchange.•Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 °C increased with elevation.•Elevation did not regulate temperature sensitivity below 0 °C or moisture sensitivity. Generally, with increasing elevation, there is a corresponding decrease in annual mean air and soil temperatures, resulting in an overall decrease in ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the variations in CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems. Aiming to quantify CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems, we measured ecosystem CO2 exchange in the peak growing season along an elevation gradient (9–387 m above sea level, m.a.s.l) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We also performed an ex-situ incubation experiment based on soil samples collected along the elevation gradient, to assess the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature and soil moisture. There was no apparent temperature gradient along the elevation gradient, with the lowest air and soil temperatures at the second lowest elevation site (83 m). The lowest elevation site exhibited the highest net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) rates, while the other three sites generally showed intercomparable CO2 exchange rates. Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences rather than the elevation were the primary drivers for the soil nutrient status and ecosystem CO2 exchange. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 °C increased with elevation, while elevation did not regulate the temperature sensitivity below 0 °C or the moisture sensitivity. Soil total nitrogen, carbon, and ammonium contents were the controls of temperature sensitivity below 0 °C. Overall, our results emphasize the significance of considering elevation and microclimate when predicting the response of CO2 balance to climate change or upscaling to regional scales, particularly during the growing season. However, outside the growing season, other factors such as soil nutrient dynamics, play a more influential role in driving ecosystem CO2 fluxes. To accurately upscale or predict annual CO2 fluxes in arctic tundra regions, it is crucial to incorporate elevation-specific microclimate conditions into ecosystem models.
AbstractList •There was no temperature gradient along 9–387 m elevation gradient in arctic tundra.•Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences drove ecosystem CO2 exchange.•Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 °C increased with elevation.•Elevation did not regulate temperature sensitivity below 0 °C or moisture sensitivity. Generally, with increasing elevation, there is a corresponding decrease in annual mean air and soil temperatures, resulting in an overall decrease in ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the variations in CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems. Aiming to quantify CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems, we measured ecosystem CO2 exchange in the peak growing season along an elevation gradient (9–387 m above sea level, m.a.s.l) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We also performed an ex-situ incubation experiment based on soil samples collected along the elevation gradient, to assess the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature and soil moisture. There was no apparent temperature gradient along the elevation gradient, with the lowest air and soil temperatures at the second lowest elevation site (83 m). The lowest elevation site exhibited the highest net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) rates, while the other three sites generally showed intercomparable CO2 exchange rates. Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences rather than the elevation were the primary drivers for the soil nutrient status and ecosystem CO2 exchange. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 °C increased with elevation, while elevation did not regulate the temperature sensitivity below 0 °C or the moisture sensitivity. Soil total nitrogen, carbon, and ammonium contents were the controls of temperature sensitivity below 0 °C. Overall, our results emphasize the significance of considering elevation and microclimate when predicting the response of CO2 balance to climate change or upscaling to regional scales, particularly during the growing season. However, outside the growing season, other factors such as soil nutrient dynamics, play a more influential role in driving ecosystem CO2 fluxes. To accurately upscale or predict annual CO2 fluxes in arctic tundra regions, it is crucial to incorporate elevation-specific microclimate conditions into ecosystem models.
Generally, with increasing elevation, there is a corresponding decrease in annual mean air and soil temperatures, resulting in an overall decrease in ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO₂) exchange. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the variations in CO₂ exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems. Aiming to quantify CO₂ exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems, we measured ecosystem CO₂ exchange in the peak growing season along an elevation gradient (9–387 m above sea level, m.a.s.l) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We also performed an ex-situ incubation experiment based on soil samples collected along the elevation gradient, to assess the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature and soil moisture. There was no apparent temperature gradient along the elevation gradient, with the lowest air and soil temperatures at the second lowest elevation site (83 m). The lowest elevation site exhibited the highest net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) rates, while the other three sites generally showed intercomparable CO₂ exchange rates. Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences rather than the elevation were the primary drivers for the soil nutrient status and ecosystem CO₂ exchange. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 °C increased with elevation, while elevation did not regulate the temperature sensitivity below 0 °C or the moisture sensitivity. Soil total nitrogen, carbon, and ammonium contents were the controls of temperature sensitivity below 0 °C. Overall, our results emphasize the significance of considering elevation and microclimate when predicting the response of CO₂ balance to climate change or upscaling to regional scales, particularly during the growing season. However, outside the growing season, other factors such as soil nutrient dynamics, play a more influential role in driving ecosystem CO₂ fluxes. To accurately upscale or predict annual CO₂ fluxes in arctic tundra regions, it is crucial to incorporate elevation-specific microclimate conditions into ecosystem models.
Generally, with increasing elevation, there is a corresponding decrease in annual mean air and soil temperatures, resulting in an overall decrease in ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the variations in CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems. Aiming to quantify CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems, we measured ecosystem CO2 exchange in the peak growing season along an elevation gradient (9–387 m above sea level, m.a.s.l) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We also performed an ex-situ incubation experiment based on soil samples collected along the elevation gradient, to assess the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature and soil moisture. There was no apparent temperature gradient along the elevation gradient, with the lowest air and soil temperatures at the second lowest elevation site (83 m). The lowest elevation site exhibited the highest net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) rates, while the other three sites generally showed intercomparable CO2 exchange rates. Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences rather than the elevation were the primary drivers for the soil nutrient status and ecosystem CO2 exchange. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 °C increased with elevation, while elevation did not regulate the temperature sensitivity below 0 °C or the moisture sensitivity. Soil total nitrogen, carbon, and ammonium contents were the controls of temperature sensitivity below 0 °C. Overall, our results emphasize the significance of considering elevation and microclimate when predicting the response of CO2 balance to climate change or upscaling to regional scales, particularly during the growing season. However, outside the growing season, other factors such as soil nutrient dynamics, play a more influential role in driving ecosystem CO2 fluxes. To accurately upscale or predict annual CO2 fluxes in arctic tundra regions, it is crucial to incorporate elevation-specific microclimate conditions into ecosystem models.
Generally, with increasing elevation, there is a corresponding decrease in annual mean air and soil temperatures, resulting in an overall decrease in ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the variations in CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems. Aiming to quantify CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems, we measured ecosystem CO2 exchange in the peak growing season along an elevation gradient (9-387 m above sea level, m.a.s.l) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We also performed an ex-situ incubation experiment based on soil samples collected along the elevation gradient, to assess the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature and soil moisture. There was no apparent temperature gradient along the elevation gradient, with the lowest air and soil temperatures at the second lowest elevation site (83 m). The lowest elevation site exhibited the highest net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) rates, while the other three sites generally showed intercomparable CO2 exchange rates. Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences rather than the elevation were the primary drivers for the soil nutrient status and ecosystem CO2 exchange. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 degrees C increased with elevation, while elevation did not regulate the temperature sensitivity below 0 degrees C or the moisture sensitivity. Soil total nitrogen, carbon, and ammonium contents were the controls of temperature sensitivity below 0 degrees C. Overall, our results emphasize the significance of considering elevation and microclimate when predicting the response of CO2 balance to climate change or upscaling to regional scales, particularly during the growing season. However, outside the growing season, other factors such as soil nutrient dynamics, play a more influential role in driving ecosystem CO2 fluxes. To accurately upscale or predict annual CO2 fluxes in arctic tundra regions, it is crucial to incorporate elevation-specific microclimate conditions into ecosystem models.
ArticleNumber 117108
Author Xu, Wenyi
Michelsen, Anders
Lennart Ambus, Per
Westergaard-Nielsen, Andreas
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Wenyi
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Wenyi
  email: wexu@ign.ku.dk
  organization: Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Andreas
  surname: Westergaard-Nielsen
  fullname: Westergaard-Nielsen, Andreas
  organization: Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Anders
  surname: Michelsen
  fullname: Michelsen, Anders
  organization: Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Per
  surname: Lennart Ambus
  fullname: Lennart Ambus, Per
  organization: Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Keywords Net ecosystem exchange
Soil nutrients
Temperature sensitivity
Gross ecosystem production
Ecosystem respiration
Moisture sensitivity
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Snippet •There was no temperature gradient along 9–387 m elevation gradient in arctic tundra.•Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences drove ecosystem...
Generally, with increasing elevation, there is a corresponding decrease in annual mean air and soil temperatures, resulting in an overall decrease in ecosystem...
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StartPage 117108
SubjectTerms air
altitude
ammonium
carbon
carbon dioxide
climate change
Ecosystem respiration
ecosystems
Greenland
Gross ecosystem production
gross primary productivity
Markvetenskap
microclimate
Moisture sensitivity
Net ecosystem exchange
soil nutrient dynamics
Soil nutrients
soil respiration
Soil Science
soil water
temperature
Temperature sensitivity
total nitrogen
tundra
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Title Carbon dioxide exchange and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration along an elevation gradient in an arctic tundra ecosystem
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