Obstetrical Constraints and the Origin of Extended Postnatal Brain Maturation in Hominin Evolution
The origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor even with reduced neonatal head sizes. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis using an extant obstetrical sample with known delivery...
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| Published in | Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 6; p. 398 |
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| Abstract | The origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor even with reduced neonatal head sizes. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis using an extant obstetrical sample with known delivery outcomes. Three delivery outcomes (i.e., instrument-assisted, Caesarean section, and vaginal birth) were evaluated using a discriminant analysis based on 131 mother-baby dyads and 36 feto-pelvic variables. This obstetrical sample was compared with 20 australopithecine "dyads" generated from the combination of six pelvic reconstructions (three for
, two for
and one for
) and three fetal head size estimations. The obstetrical analysis revealed that dystocic births can be predicted by pelvic features such as an anteroposteriorly flattened pelvic inlet. Australopithecines shared these pelvic morphologies with humans and had eutocic birth only for infants of 110 g brain size or smaller, equaling a human-like neonatal/adult brain size ratio of 25-28%. Although birth mechanism cannot be deduced, the newborn/adult brain size ratio was likely more human-like than previously thought, suggesting that australopithecines were secondarily altricial to circumvent instances of obstructed labor and subsequently require a prolonged postnatal brain growth period, implying some aspects of life history pattern similar to modern humans. |
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| AbstractList | The unique complexity of human childbirth is traditionally attributed to the opposing selection pressures of bipedal locomotion and large brains. Here, we explore this trade-off in Australopithecus with canonical discriminant analyses using different fetal head sizes. We reveal that the shape of the pelvis in Australopithecus led to a tight fit between the mother’s pelvis and the newborn head despite their relatively small brain sizes. To alleviate this obstetrical dilemma, australopithecines must have already given birth to secondarily altricial infants that were helpless at birth like those of extant humans. Cognitive development and some aspects of the modern life history pattern therefore likely originated prior to the appearance of the genus Homo. The origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor even with reduced neonatal head sizes. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis using an extant obstetrical sample with known delivery outcomes. Three delivery outcomes (i.e., instrument-assisted, Caesarean section, and vaginal birth) were evaluated using a discriminant analysis based on 131 mother–baby dyads and 36 feto-pelvic variables. This obstetrical sample was compared with 20 australopithecine “dyads” generated from the combination of six pelvic reconstructions (three for Australopithecus afarensis, two for A. africanus, and one for A. sediba) and three fetal head size estimations. The obstetrical analysis revealed that dystocic births can be predicted by pelvic features such as an anteroposteriorly flattened pelvic inlet. Australopithecines shared these pelvic morphologies with humans and had eutocic birth only for infants of 110 g brain size or smaller, equaling a human-like neonatal/adult brain size ratio of 25–28%. Although birth mechanism cannot be deduced, the newborn/adult brain size ratio was likely more human-like than previously thought, suggesting that australopithecines were secondarily altricial to circumvent instances of obstructed labor and subsequently require a prolonged postnatal brain growth period, implying some aspects of life history pattern similar to modern humans. The origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor even with reduced neonatal head sizes. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis using an extant obstetrical sample with known delivery outcomes. Three delivery outcomes (i.e., instrument-assisted, Caesarean section, and vaginal birth) were evaluated using a discriminant analysis based on 131 mother–baby dyads and 36 feto-pelvic variables. This obstetrical sample was compared with 20 australopithecine “dyads” generated from the combination of six pelvic reconstructions (three for Australopithecus afarensis, two for A. africanus, and one for A. sediba) and three fetal head size estimations. The obstetrical analysis revealed that dystocic births can be predicted by pelvic features such as an anteroposteriorly flattened pelvic inlet. Australopithecines shared these pelvic morphologies with humans and had eutocic birth only for infants of 110 g brain size or smaller, equaling a human-like neonatal/adult brain size ratio of 25–28%. Although birth mechanism cannot be deduced, the newborn/adult brain size ratio was likely more human-like than previously thought, suggesting that australopithecines were secondarily altricial to circumvent instances of obstructed labor and subsequently require a prolonged postnatal brain growth period, implying some aspects of life history pattern similar to modern humans. Simple SummaryThe unique complexity of human childbirth is traditionally attributed to the opposing selection pressures of bipedal locomotion and large brains. Here, we explore this trade-off in Australopithecus with canonical discriminant analyses using different fetal head sizes. We reveal that the shape of the pelvis in Australopithecus led to a tight fit between the mother’s pelvis and the newborn head despite their relatively small brain sizes. To alleviate this obstetrical dilemma, australopithecines must have already given birth to secondarily altricial infants that were helpless at birth like those of extant humans. Cognitive development and some aspects of the modern life history pattern therefore likely originated prior to the appearance of the genus Homo.AbstractThe origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor even with reduced neonatal head sizes. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis using an extant obstetrical sample with known delivery outcomes. Three delivery outcomes (i.e., instrument-assisted, Caesarean section, and vaginal birth) were evaluated using a discriminant analysis based on 131 mother–baby dyads and 36 feto-pelvic variables. This obstetrical sample was compared with 20 australopithecine “dyads” generated from the combination of six pelvic reconstructions (three for Australopithecus afarensis, two for A. africanus, and one for A. sediba) and three fetal head size estimations. The obstetrical analysis revealed that dystocic births can be predicted by pelvic features such as an anteroposteriorly flattened pelvic inlet. Australopithecines shared these pelvic morphologies with humans and had eutocic birth only for infants of 110 g brain size or smaller, equaling a human-like neonatal/adult brain size ratio of 25–28%. Although birth mechanism cannot be deduced, the newborn/adult brain size ratio was likely more human-like than previously thought, suggesting that australopithecines were secondarily altricial to circumvent instances of obstructed labor and subsequently require a prolonged postnatal brain growth period, implying some aspects of life history pattern similar to modern humans. The origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor even with reduced neonatal head sizes. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis using an extant obstetrical sample with known delivery outcomes. Three delivery outcomes (i.e., instrument-assisted, Caesarean section, and vaginal birth) were evaluated using a discriminant analysis based on 131 mother-baby dyads and 36 feto-pelvic variables. This obstetrical sample was compared with 20 australopithecine "dyads" generated from the combination of six pelvic reconstructions (three for , two for and one for ) and three fetal head size estimations. The obstetrical analysis revealed that dystocic births can be predicted by pelvic features such as an anteroposteriorly flattened pelvic inlet. Australopithecines shared these pelvic morphologies with humans and had eutocic birth only for infants of 110 g brain size or smaller, equaling a human-like neonatal/adult brain size ratio of 25-28%. Although birth mechanism cannot be deduced, the newborn/adult brain size ratio was likely more human-like than previously thought, suggesting that australopithecines were secondarily altricial to circumvent instances of obstructed labor and subsequently require a prolonged postnatal brain growth period, implying some aspects of life history pattern similar to modern humans. The origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor even with reduced neonatal head sizes. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis using an extant obstetrical sample with known delivery outcomes. Three delivery outcomes (i.e., instrument-assisted, Caesarean section, and vaginal birth) were evaluated using a discriminant analysis based on 131 mother-baby dyads and 36 feto-pelvic variables. This obstetrical sample was compared with 20 australopithecine "dyads" generated from the combination of six pelvic reconstructions (three for Australopithecus afarensis, two for A. africanus, and one for A. sediba) and three fetal head size estimations. The obstetrical analysis revealed that dystocic births can be predicted by pelvic features such as an anteroposteriorly flattened pelvic inlet. Australopithecines shared these pelvic morphologies with humans and had eutocic birth only for infants of 110 g brain size or smaller, equaling a human-like neonatal/adult brain size ratio of 25-28%. Although birth mechanism cannot be deduced, the newborn/adult brain size ratio was likely more human-like than previously thought, suggesting that australopithecines were secondarily altricial to circumvent instances of obstructed labor and subsequently require a prolonged postnatal brain growth period, implying some aspects of life history pattern similar to modern humans.The origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor even with reduced neonatal head sizes. The aim of this work is to test this hypothesis using an extant obstetrical sample with known delivery outcomes. Three delivery outcomes (i.e., instrument-assisted, Caesarean section, and vaginal birth) were evaluated using a discriminant analysis based on 131 mother-baby dyads and 36 feto-pelvic variables. This obstetrical sample was compared with 20 australopithecine "dyads" generated from the combination of six pelvic reconstructions (three for Australopithecus afarensis, two for A. africanus, and one for A. sediba) and three fetal head size estimations. The obstetrical analysis revealed that dystocic births can be predicted by pelvic features such as an anteroposteriorly flattened pelvic inlet. Australopithecines shared these pelvic morphologies with humans and had eutocic birth only for infants of 110 g brain size or smaller, equaling a human-like neonatal/adult brain size ratio of 25-28%. Although birth mechanism cannot be deduced, the newborn/adult brain size ratio was likely more human-like than previously thought, suggesting that australopithecines were secondarily altricial to circumvent instances of obstructed labor and subsequently require a prolonged postnatal brain growth period, implying some aspects of life history pattern similar to modern humans. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Haeusler, Martin Webb, Nicole M Marchal, François Thollon, Lionel Frémondière, Pierre |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; martin.haeusler@iem.uzh.ch 4 LBA, Aix Marseille University, Gustave Eiffel University, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille CEDEX 15, France; lionel.thollon@univ-eiffel.fr 2 UMR 7268 ADES, Aix Marseille University, EFS, CNRS, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille CEDEX 15, France; francois.marchal@univ-amu.fr 1 Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, School of Midwifery, Aix Marseille University, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille CEDEX 15, France 5 Department of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Faculty of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, School of Midwifery, Aix Marseille University, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille CEDEX 15, France – name: 4 LBA, Aix Marseille University, Gustave Eiffel University, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille CEDEX 15, France; lionel.thollon@univ-eiffel.fr – name: 3 Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; martin.haeusler@iem.uzh.ch – name: 2 UMR 7268 ADES, Aix Marseille University, EFS, CNRS, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille CEDEX 15, France; francois.marchal@univ-amu.fr – name: 5 Department of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Pierre surname: Frémondière fullname: Frémondière, Pierre organization: UMR 7268 ADES, Aix Marseille University, EFS, CNRS, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille CEDEX 15, France – sequence: 2 givenname: Martin orcidid: 0000-0002-9100-4183 surname: Haeusler fullname: Haeusler, Martin organization: Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Lionel surname: Thollon fullname: Thollon, Lionel organization: LBA, Aix Marseille University, Gustave Eiffel University, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille CEDEX 15, France – sequence: 4 givenname: Nicole M surname: Webb fullname: Webb, Nicole M organization: Department of Palaeoanthropology, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: François orcidid: 0000-0001-7479-2360 surname: Marchal fullname: Marchal, François organization: UMR 7268 ADES, Aix Marseille University, EFS, CNRS, 51 Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille CEDEX 15, France |
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| Keywords | secondary altriciality dystocia australopithecines human evolution cephalo-pelvic disproportion |
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| Snippet | The origin of difficult birth is still a matter of debate in obstetrics. Recent studies hypothesized that early hominins already experienced obstructed labor... The unique complexity of human childbirth is traditionally attributed to the opposing selection pressures of bipedal locomotion and large brains. Here, we... Simple SummaryThe unique complexity of human childbirth is traditionally attributed to the opposing selection pressures of bipedal locomotion and large brains.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adaptation australopithecines Australopithecus Biodiversity Biological anthropology Birth Body measurements Brain cephalo-pelvic disproportion Childbirth & labor dystocia Fetuses Fossil hominids Head Hominids human evolution Humanities and Social Sciences Infants Life history Life Sciences Locomotion Neonates Obstetrics Pelvis Populations and Evolution secondary altriciality |
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| Title | Obstetrical Constraints and the Origin of Extended Postnatal Brain Maturation in Hominin Evolution |
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