A timing mechanism for stem cell maintenance and differentiation in the Arabidopsis floral meristem

Developmental regulation of the floral meristem ensures that plants of the same species have similarly sized flowers with a fixed number of floral organs. The maintenance of stem cells in the floral meristem is terminated after the production of a fixed number of floral organ primordia. Precise repr...

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Published inGenes & development Vol. 23; no. 15; pp. 1791 - 1804
Main Authors Sun, Bo, Xu, Yifeng, Ng, Kian-Hong, Ito, Toshiro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 01.08.2009
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Abstract Developmental regulation of the floral meristem ensures that plants of the same species have similarly sized flowers with a fixed number of floral organs. The maintenance of stem cells in the floral meristem is terminated after the production of a fixed number of floral organ primordia. Precise repression of the Arabidopsis thaliana homeobox gene WUSCHEL (WUS) by the floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS (AG) plays a major part in this process. Here we show that KNUCKLES (KNU) mediates the repression of WUS in floral meristem determinacy control. AG directly induces the transcription of KNU, which encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein with a conserved transcriptional repression motif. In turn, KNU represses WUS transcription to abolish stem cell activity. We also show that the timing of KNU induction is key in balancing proliferation and differentiation in flower development. Delayed KNU expression results in an indeterminate meristem, whereas ectopic KNU expression prematurely terminates the floral meristem. Furthermore, KNU induction by AG is preceded by changes in repressive histone modification at the KNU locus, which occurs in an AG-dependent manner. This study provides a mechanistic link between transcriptional feedback and epigenetic regulation in plant stem cell proliferation.
AbstractList Developmental regulation of the floral meristem ensures that plants of the same species have similarly sized flowers with a fixed number of floral organs. The maintenance of stem cells in the floral meristem is terminated after the production of a fixed number of floral organ primordia. Precise repression of the Arabidopsis thaliana homeobox gene WUSCHEL (WUS) by the floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS (AG) plays a major part in this process. Here we show that KNUCKLES (KNU) mediates the repression of WUS in floral meristem determinacy control. AG directly induces the transcription of KNU, which encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein with a conserved transcriptional repression motif. In turn, KNU represses WUS transcription to abolish stem cell activity. We also show that the timing of KNU induction is key in balancing proliferation and differentiation in flower development. Delayed KNU expression results in an indeterminate meristem, whereas ectopic KNU expression prematurely terminates the floral meristem. Furthermore, KNU induction by AG is preceded by changes in repressive histone modification at the KNU locus, which occurs in an AG-dependent manner. This study provides a mechanistic link between transcriptional feedback and epigenetic regulation in plant stem cell proliferation.
Developmental regulation of the floral meristem ensures that plants of the same species have similarly sized flowers with a fixed number of floral organs. The maintenance of stem cells in the floral meristem is terminated after the production of a fixed number of floral organ primordia. Precise repression of the Arabidopsis thaliana homeobox gene WUSCHEL ( WUS ) by the floral homeotic protein AGAMOUS (AG) plays a major part in this process. Here we show that KNUCKLES (KNU) mediates the repression of WUS in floral meristem determinacy control. AG directly induces the transcription of KNU , which encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein with a conserved transcriptional repression motif. In turn, KNU represses WUS transcription to abolish stem cell activity. We also show that the timing of KNU induction is key in balancing proliferation and differentiation in flower development. Delayed KNU expression results in an indeterminate meristem, whereas ectopic KNU expression prematurely terminates the floral meristem. Furthermore, KNU induction by AG is preceded by changes in repressive histone modification at the KNU locus, which occurs in an AG-dependent manner. This study provides a mechanistic link between transcriptional feedback and epigenetic regulation in plant stem cell proliferation.
Author Ito, Toshiro
Sun, Bo
Ng, Kian-Hong
Xu, Yifeng
AuthorAffiliation 1 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory (TLL), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore Singapore 117543, Singapore
3 PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory (TLL), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
– name: 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore Singapore 117543, Singapore
– name: 3 PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Bo
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  fullname: Sun, Bo
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– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yifeng
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Yifeng
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kian-Hong
  surname: Ng
  fullname: Ng, Kian-Hong
– sequence: 4
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Snippet Developmental regulation of the floral meristem ensures that plants of the same species have similarly sized flowers with a fixed number of floral organs. The...
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StartPage 1791
SubjectTerms AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis - metabolism
Arabidopsis - cytology
Arabidopsis - growth & development
Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism
Carrier Proteins - metabolism
Cell Differentiation
Flowers - cytology
Flowers - growth & development
Flowers - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Histones - metabolism
Homeodomain Proteins - metabolism
Meristem - cytology
Meristem - growth & development
Phenotype
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Protein Binding
Research Paper
Stem Cells - cytology
Stem Cells - metabolism
Stem Cells - physiology
Time Factors
Title A timing mechanism for stem cell maintenance and differentiation in the Arabidopsis floral meristem
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19651987
https://search.proquest.com/docview/67554015
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2720260
Volume 23
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