Improvements in the Engineering Properties of Cementitious Composites Using Nano-Sized Cement and Nano-Sized Additives
The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement–fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano...
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| Published in | Materials Vol. 15; no. 22; p. 8066 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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15.11.2022
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| ISSN | 1996-1944 1996-1944 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ma15228066 |
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| Abstract | The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement–fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano-sized cements, nano-silica fumes, and nano-fly ash in different proportions was studied to the evaluate the engineering properties of the cement–fine-aggregate matrices concerning normal-sized, commercially available cement. The composites produced with modified cement–fine-aggregate matrices were subjected to microscopic-scale analyses using a petrographic microscope, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). These studies unravelled the placement and behaviour of additives in controlling the engineering properties of the mix. The test results indicated that nano-cement and nano-sized particles improved the engineering properties of the hardened cement matrix. The wet-ground nano-cement showed the best result, 40 MPa 28th-day compressive strength, without mixing any additive compared with ordinary and dry-ground cements. The mix containing 50:50 normal and wet-ground cement exhibited 37.20 MPa 28th-day compressive strength. All other mixes with nano-sized dry cement, silica fume, and fly ash with different permutations and combinations gave better results than the normal-cement–fine-aggregate mix. The petrographic studies and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses further validated the above findings. Statistical analyses and techniques such as correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted to compose a predictive equation to calculate the 28th-day compressive strength. In addition to these methods, a repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also implemented to analyse the statistically significant differences among three differently timed strength readings. |
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| AbstractList | The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement–fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano-sized cements, nano-silica fumes, and nano-fly ash in different proportions was studied to the evaluate the engineering properties of the cement–fine-aggregate matrices concerning normal-sized, commercially available cement. The composites produced with modified cement–fine-aggregate matrices were subjected to microscopic-scale analyses using a petrographic microscope, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). These studies unravelled the placement and behaviour of additives in controlling the engineering properties of the mix. The test results indicated that nano-cement and nano-sized particles improved the engineering properties of the hardened cement matrix. The wet-ground nano-cement showed the best result, 40 MPa 28th-day compressive strength, without mixing any additive compared with ordinary and dry-ground cements. The mix containing 50:50 normal and wet-ground cement exhibited 37.20 MPa 28th-day compressive strength. All other mixes with nano-sized dry cement, silica fume, and fly ash with different permutations and combinations gave better results than the normal-cement–fine-aggregate mix. The petrographic studies and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses further validated the above findings. Statistical analyses and techniques such as correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted to compose a predictive equation to calculate the 28th-day compressive strength. In addition to these methods, a repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also implemented to analyse the statistically significant differences among three differently timed strength readings. The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement-fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano-sized cements, nano-silica fumes, and nano-fly ash in different proportions was studied to the evaluate the engineering properties of the cement-fine-aggregate matrices concerning normal-sized, commercially available cement. The composites produced with modified cement-fine-aggregate matrices were subjected to microscopic-scale analyses using a petrographic microscope, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). These studies unravelled the placement and behaviour of additives in controlling the engineering properties of the mix. The test results indicated that nano-cement and nano-sized particles improved the engineering properties of the hardened cement matrix. The wet-ground nano-cement showed the best result, 40 MPa 28th-day compressive strength, without mixing any additive compared with ordinary and dry-ground cements. The mix containing 50:50 normal and wet-ground cement exhibited 37.20 MPa 28th-day compressive strength. All other mixes with nano-sized dry cement, silica fume, and fly ash with different permutations and combinations gave better results than the normal-cement-fine-aggregate mix. The petrographic studies and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses further validated the above findings. Statistical analyses and techniques such as correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted to compose a predictive equation to calculate the 28th-day compressive strength. In addition to these methods, a repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also implemented to analyse the statistically significant differences among three differently timed strength readings.The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement-fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano-sized cements, nano-silica fumes, and nano-fly ash in different proportions was studied to the evaluate the engineering properties of the cement-fine-aggregate matrices concerning normal-sized, commercially available cement. The composites produced with modified cement-fine-aggregate matrices were subjected to microscopic-scale analyses using a petrographic microscope, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). These studies unravelled the placement and behaviour of additives in controlling the engineering properties of the mix. The test results indicated that nano-cement and nano-sized particles improved the engineering properties of the hardened cement matrix. The wet-ground nano-cement showed the best result, 40 MPa 28th-day compressive strength, without mixing any additive compared with ordinary and dry-ground cements. The mix containing 50:50 normal and wet-ground cement exhibited 37.20 MPa 28th-day compressive strength. All other mixes with nano-sized dry cement, silica fume, and fly ash with different permutations and combinations gave better results than the normal-cement-fine-aggregate mix. The petrographic studies and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses further validated the above findings. Statistical analyses and techniques such as correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted to compose a predictive equation to calculate the 28th-day compressive strength. In addition to these methods, a repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also implemented to analyse the statistically significant differences among three differently timed strength readings. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Kumar, Raman Dev, Nirendra Alam, M. Masroor Tag-Eldin, Elsayed Sharma, Lovneesh Yusufi, Faiz Noor Khan Sharma, Shubham Chohan, Jasgurpreet Singh Rahman, Ibadur Singh, Sandeep Asyraf, Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Singh, Priyanka Arif, Mohammed Azam, Ameer |
| AuthorAffiliation | 7 Department of Civil Engineering, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India 5 Department of Statistics & Operations Research, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India 12 Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia 6 Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India 9 Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mohali 140413, India 13 Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia 8 Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, In |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 12 Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia – name: 8 Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India – name: 13 Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia – name: 4 Department of Civil Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India – name: 11 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China – name: 7 Department of Civil Engineering, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India – name: 10 Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt – name: 6 Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India – name: 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India – name: 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Amity School of Engineering & Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India – name: 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad, Daulatpur, Bawana Road, New Delhi 110042, India – name: 9 Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mohali 140413, India – name: 5 Department of Statistics & Operations Research, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ibadur orcidid: 0000-0003-0190-3909 surname: Rahman fullname: Rahman, Ibadur – sequence: 2 givenname: Priyanka surname: Singh fullname: Singh, Priyanka – sequence: 3 givenname: Nirendra surname: Dev fullname: Dev, Nirendra – sequence: 4 givenname: Mohammed surname: Arif fullname: Arif, Mohammed – sequence: 5 givenname: Faiz Noor Khan orcidid: 0000-0003-1999-0393 surname: Yusufi fullname: Yusufi, Faiz Noor Khan – sequence: 6 givenname: Ameer surname: Azam fullname: Azam, Ameer – sequence: 7 givenname: M. Masroor surname: Alam fullname: Alam, M. Masroor – sequence: 8 givenname: Sandeep surname: Singh fullname: Singh, Sandeep – sequence: 9 givenname: Jasgurpreet Singh orcidid: 0000-0002-3903-8589 surname: Chohan fullname: Chohan, Jasgurpreet Singh – sequence: 10 givenname: Raman orcidid: 0000-0002-5040-7920 surname: Kumar fullname: Kumar, Raman – sequence: 11 givenname: Lovneesh surname: Sharma fullname: Sharma, Lovneesh – sequence: 12 givenname: Elsayed orcidid: 0000-0003-3151-9967 surname: Tag-Eldin fullname: Tag-Eldin, Elsayed – sequence: 13 givenname: Shubham orcidid: 0000-0001-9446-8074 surname: Sharma fullname: Sharma, Shubham – sequence: 14 givenname: Muhammad Rizal Muhammad orcidid: 0000-0001-6471-0528 surname: Asyraf fullname: Asyraf, Muhammad Rizal Muhammad |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36431551$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cscm_2024_e03130 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma16155328 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmrt_2023_08_036 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2023_01_103 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jobe_2024_109718 crossref_primary_10_3390_ma16072778 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2023_133469 crossref_primary_10_1080_19475411_2024_2386667 crossref_primary_10_3390_su151410814 |
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| Keywords | nano-sized cement morphological studies stepwise multiple regression cementitious composites repeated measures ANOVA nano-sized additives dry- and wet-grinding |
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| Snippet | The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement–fine-aggregate... The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement-fine-aggregate... |
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| SubjectTerms | Additives Aggregates Analysis Cement hydration Cements Combinations (mathematics) Composite materials Compressive strength Concrete Construction Engineering Fly ash Fumes Laboratories Mechanical properties Multiple regression analysis Nanomaterials Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Permutations Petrographic microscopy Physical properties Scanning electron microscopy Shear strength Silica Silica fume Statistical analysis Transmission electron microscopes Transmission electron microscopy Variance analysis Within-subjects design |
| Title | Improvements in the Engineering Properties of Cementitious Composites Using Nano-Sized Cement and Nano-Sized Additives |
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