Phosphorization of exfoliated graphite for developing flame retardant ethylene vinyl acetate composites

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was grafted onto the surface of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) to obtain a novel flame retardant, GNP-g-APP, and thereafter was incorporated into the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to improve its flame retardancy. The chemical structures of the precursors and the t...

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Published inJournal of materials research and technology Vol. 9; no. 4; pp. 7341 - 7353
Main Authors Moradkhani, Ghane, Fasihi, Mohammad, Parpaite, Thibault, Brison, Loic, Laoutid, Fouad, Vahabi, Henri, Saeb, Mohammad Reza
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.07.2020
Elsevier
Subjects
Chemical Sciences
Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet
Flame retardancy
Functionalization
Material chemistry
Mechanical properties
Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)
Polymers
Mechanical properties
Flame retardancy
Functionalization
Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet
Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)
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Abstract Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was grafted onto the surface of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) to obtain a novel flame retardant, GNP-g-APP, and thereafter was incorporated into the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to improve its flame retardancy. The chemical structures of the precursors and the target product were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. FTIR spectra appeared at 1056 and 1103cm−1 were attributed to POC asymmetric stretching bond, that conformed formation of GNP-g-APP. Thermal stability behaviour and flame retardancy performance of the samples were evaluated by TGA, UL-94, micro-calorimetry, and cone calorimetry. TGA measurements revealed the superiority of GNP-g-APP over GNP. The micro-calorimetry analyses indicated a sharp fall in both the total heat release (THR) and the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of EVA containing 30wt.% GNP-g-APP, evidenced by a thick char layer formed as barrier. Cone calorimetry confirmed flame-retardant effect of GNP-g-APP featured by a reduction in pHRR (−63 %) and THR (−31.6 %) due to the formation of a cohesive char layer. Although GNP addition sharply decreased the elongation at break of 70/30 (w/w) composites from 500% for neat EVA to 71%, a very promising value of 364% for EVA/GNP-g-APP sample preserved superior flexibility.
AbstractList Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was grafted onto the surface of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) to obtain a novel flame retardant, GNP-g-APP, and thereafter was incorporated into the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to improve its flame retardancy. The chemical structures of the precursors and the target product were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. FTIR spectra appeared at 1056 and 1103 cm−1 were attributed to POC asymmetric stretching bond, that conformed formation of GNP-g-APP. Thermal stability behaviour and flame retardancy performance of the samples were evaluated by TGA, UL-94, micro-calorimetry, and cone calorimetry. TGA measurements revealed the superiority of GNP-g-APP over GNP. The micro-calorimetry analyses indicated a sharp fall in both the total heat release (THR) and the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of EVA containing 30 wt.% GNP-g-APP, evidenced by a thick char layer formed as barrier. Cone calorimetry confirmed flame-retardant effect of GNP-g-APP featured by a reduction in pHRR (−63 %) and THR (−31.6 %) due to the formation of a cohesive char layer. Although GNP addition sharply decreased the elongation at break of 70/30 (w/w) composites from 500% for neat EVA to 71%, a very promising value of 364% for EVA/GNP-g-APP sample preserved superior flexibility.
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was grafted onto the surface of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) to obtain a novel flame retardant, GNP-g-APP, and thereafter was incorporated into the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to improve its flame retardancy. The chemical structures of the precursors and the target product were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. FTIR spectra appeared at 1056 and 1103cm−1 were attributed to POC asymmetric stretching bond, that conformed formation of GNP-g-APP. Thermal stability behaviour and flame retardancy performance of the samples were evaluated by TGA, UL-94, micro-calorimetry, and cone calorimetry. TGA measurements revealed the superiority of GNP-g-APP over GNP. The micro-calorimetry analyses indicated a sharp fall in both the total heat release (THR) and the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of EVA containing 30wt.% GNP-g-APP, evidenced by a thick char layer formed as barrier. Cone calorimetry confirmed flame-retardant effect of GNP-g-APP featured by a reduction in pHRR (−63 %) and THR (−31.6 %) due to the formation of a cohesive char layer. Although GNP addition sharply decreased the elongation at break of 70/30 (w/w) composites from 500% for neat EVA to 71%, a very promising value of 364% for EVA/GNP-g-APP sample preserved superior flexibility.
Author Laoutid, Fouad
Saeb, Mohammad Reza
Brison, Loic
Vahabi, Henri
Parpaite, Thibault
Moradkhani, Ghane
Fasihi, Mohammad
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Issue 4
Keywords Mechanical properties
Flame retardancy
Functionalization
Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet
Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)
Language English
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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Snippet Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was grafted onto the surface of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) to obtain a novel flame retardant, GNP-g-APP, and...
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StartPage 7341
SubjectTerms Chemical Sciences
Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet
Flame retardancy
Functionalization
Material chemistry
Mechanical properties
Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)
Polymers
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Title Phosphorization of exfoliated graphite for developing flame retardant ethylene vinyl acetate composites
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.04.085
https://hal.science/hal-02810567
https://doaj.org/article/f907fd0f84af44ca97fa9507612c038d
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