Tropical cyclones and the organization of mangrove forests: a review

Many mangrove ecosystems are periodically exposed to high velocity winds and surge from tropical cyclones, and often recover with time and continue to provide numerous societal benefits in the wake of storm events. This review focuses on the drivers and disturbance mechanisms (visible and functional...

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Published inAnnals of botany Vol. 125; no. 2; pp. 213 - 234
Main Authors Krauss, Ken W, Osland, Michael J
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Oxford University Press 11.10.2019
Subjects
Cyclonic Storms
Ecosystem
Forests
Reviews
Trees
Wetlands
tropical storm
regeneration
surge
typhoon
hurricane
recovery
Mangrove wetlands
storm visible effects
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Abstract Many mangrove ecosystems are periodically exposed to high velocity winds and surge from tropical cyclones, and often recover with time and continue to provide numerous societal benefits in the wake of storm events. This review focuses on the drivers and disturbance mechanisms (visible and functional) that tropical cyclones of various intensities have on mangrove ecosystem properties around the world, as well as the potential ecosystem services role offered by mangroves along storm-ravaged coastlines. When viewed together, studies describe repeatable types of impact and a variety of responses of mangroves that make them ecologically resilient to high velocity winds, and which have served to advance the notion that mangroves are disturbance-adapted ecosystems. Studies have documented massive tree mortality and forest structural shifts as well as high variability of spatial effects associated with proximity and direction of the tropical cyclone trajectory that influence biogeochemical processes, recovery of individual trees, and forest regeneration and succession. Mangroves provide coastal protection through surge and wind suppression during tropical cyclones, and yet are able to overcome wind effects and often recover unless some alternative environmental stress is at play (e.g. hydrological alteration or sedimentation). Structural elements of mangroves are influenced by the legacies imposed by past tropical cyclone injury, which affect their current appearance, and presumably their function, at any point in time. However, much is yet to be discovered about the importance of the effects of tropical cyclones on these fascinating botanical ecosystems, including the role of storm-based sediment subsidies, and much more effort will be needed to predict future recovery patterns as the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones potentially change.
AbstractList Many mangrove ecosystems are periodically exposed to high velocity winds and surge from tropical cyclones, and often recover with time and continue to provide numerous societal benefits in the wake of storm events.BACKGROUNDMany mangrove ecosystems are periodically exposed to high velocity winds and surge from tropical cyclones, and often recover with time and continue to provide numerous societal benefits in the wake of storm events.This review focuses on the drivers and disturbance mechanisms (visible and functional) that tropical cyclones of various intensities have on mangrove ecosystem properties around the world, as well as the potential ecosystem services role offered by mangroves along storm-ravaged coastlines. When viewed together, studies describe repeatable types of impact and a variety of responses of mangroves that make them ecologically resilient to high velocity winds, and which have served to advance the notion that mangroves are disturbance-adapted ecosystems.SCOPEThis review focuses on the drivers and disturbance mechanisms (visible and functional) that tropical cyclones of various intensities have on mangrove ecosystem properties around the world, as well as the potential ecosystem services role offered by mangroves along storm-ravaged coastlines. When viewed together, studies describe repeatable types of impact and a variety of responses of mangroves that make them ecologically resilient to high velocity winds, and which have served to advance the notion that mangroves are disturbance-adapted ecosystems.Studies have documented massive tree mortality and forest structural shifts as well as high variability of spatial effects associated with proximity and direction of the tropical cyclone trajectory that influence biogeochemical processes, recovery of individual trees, and forest regeneration and succession. Mangroves provide coastal protection through surge and wind suppression during tropical cyclones, and yet are able to overcome wind effects and often recover unless some alternative environmental stress is at play (e.g. hydrological alteration or sedimentation). Structural elements of mangroves are influenced by the legacies imposed by past tropical cyclone injury, which affect their current appearance, and presumably their function, at any point in time. However, much is yet to be discovered about the importance of the effects of tropical cyclones on these fascinating botanical ecosystems, including the role of storm-based sediment subsidies, and much more effort will be needed to predict future recovery patterns as the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones potentially change.CONCLUSIONSStudies have documented massive tree mortality and forest structural shifts as well as high variability of spatial effects associated with proximity and direction of the tropical cyclone trajectory that influence biogeochemical processes, recovery of individual trees, and forest regeneration and succession. Mangroves provide coastal protection through surge and wind suppression during tropical cyclones, and yet are able to overcome wind effects and often recover unless some alternative environmental stress is at play (e.g. hydrological alteration or sedimentation). Structural elements of mangroves are influenced by the legacies imposed by past tropical cyclone injury, which affect their current appearance, and presumably their function, at any point in time. However, much is yet to be discovered about the importance of the effects of tropical cyclones on these fascinating botanical ecosystems, including the role of storm-based sediment subsidies, and much more effort will be needed to predict future recovery patterns as the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones potentially change.
Many mangrove ecosystems are periodically exposed to high velocity winds and surge from tropical cyclones, and often recover with time and continue to provide numerous societal benefits in the wake of storm events. This review focuses on the drivers and disturbance mechanisms (visible and functional) that tropical cyclones of various intensities have on mangrove ecosystem properties around the world, as well as the potential ecosystem services role offered by mangroves along storm-ravaged coastlines. When viewed together, studies describe repeatable types of impact and a variety of responses of mangroves that make them ecologically resilient to high velocity winds, and which have served to advance the notion that mangroves are disturbance-adapted ecosystems. Studies have documented massive tree mortality and forest structural shifts as well as high variability of spatial effects associated with proximity and direction of the tropical cyclone trajectory that influence biogeochemical processes, recovery of individual trees, and forest regeneration and succession. Mangroves provide coastal protection through surge and wind suppression during tropical cyclones, and yet are able to overcome wind effects and often recover unless some alternative environmental stress is at play (e.g. hydrological alteration or sedimentation). Structural elements of mangroves are influenced by the legacies imposed by past tropical cyclone injury, which affect their current appearance, and presumably their function, at any point in time. However, much is yet to be discovered about the importance of the effects of tropical cyclones on these fascinating botanical ecosystems, including the role of storm-based sediment subsidies, and much more effort will be needed to predict future recovery patterns as the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones potentially change.
Author Osland, Michael J
Krauss, Ken W
AuthorAffiliation U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center , Lafayette, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center , Lafayette, USA
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  orcidid: 0000-0003-2195-0729
  surname: Krauss
  fullname: Krauss, Ken W
  organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA, USA
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-9902-8692
  surname: Osland
  fullname: Osland, Michael J
  organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31603463$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 2
Keywords tropical storm
regeneration
surge
typhoon
hurricane
recovery
Mangrove wetlands
storm visible effects
Language English
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Snippet Many mangrove ecosystems are periodically exposed to high velocity winds and surge from tropical cyclones, and often recover with time and continue to provide...
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StartPage 213
SubjectTerms Cyclonic Storms
Ecosystem
Forests
Reviews
Trees
Wetlands
Title Tropical cyclones and the organization of mangrove forests: a review
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31603463
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2305030267
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7442392
Volume 125
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