A Germline Mutation (A339V) in Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TITF-1/NKX2.1) in Patients With Multinodular Goiter and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Background The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is important to thyroid development, we evaluated whether the gene that encodes it, TITF-1/NKX2.1...
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Published in | JNCI : Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol. 101; no. 3; pp. 162 - 175 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Cary, NC
Oxford University Press
04.02.2009
Oxford Publishing Limited (England) |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Background The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is important to thyroid development, we evaluated whether the gene that encodes it, TITF-1/NKX2.1, is a genetic determinant of MNG/PTC predisposition. Methods Twenty unrelated PTC patients with a history of MNG (MNG/PTC), 284 PTC patients without a history of MNG (PTC), and 349 healthy control subjects were screened for germline mutation(s) in TITF-1/NKX2.1 by sequencing of amplified DNA from blood. The effects of the mutation on the growth and differentiation of thyroid cells were demonstrated by ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins in PCCL3 normal rat thyroid cells, followed by tests of cell proliferation, activation of cell growth pathways, and transcription of TTF-1 target genes. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results A missense mutation (1016C>T) was identified in TITF-1/NKX2.1 that led to a mutant TTF-1 protein (A339V) in four of the 20 MNG/PTC patients (20%). These patients developed substantially more advanced tumors than MNG/PTC or PTC patients without the mutation (P = .022, Fisher exact test). Notably, this germline mutation was dominantly inherited in two families, with some members bearing the mutation affected with MNG, associated with either PTC or colon cancer. The mutation encoding the A339V substitution was not found among the 349 healthy control subjects nor among the 284 PTC patients who had no history of MNG. Overexpression of A339V TTF-1 in PCCL3 cells, as compared with overexpression of WT TTF-1, was associated with increased cell proliferation including thyrotropin-independent growth (average A339V proliferation rate = 134.27%, WT rate = 104.43%, difference = 34.3%, 95% confidence interval = 12.0% to 47.7%, P = .010), enhanced STAT3 activation, and impaired transcription of the thyroid-specific genes Tg, TSH-R, and Pax-8. Conclusion This is the first germline mutation identified in MNG/PTC patients. It could contribute to predisposition for MNG and/or PTC and to the pathogenesis of PTC. |
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AbstractList | Background: The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is important to thyroid development, we evaluated whether the gene that encodes it, TITF-1/NKX2.1 , is a genetic determinant of MNG/PTC predisposition. Methods: Twenty unrelated PTC patients with a history of MNG (MNG/PTC), 284 PTC patients without a history of MNG (PTC), and 349 healthy control subjects were screened for germline mutation(s) in TITF-1/NKX2.1 by sequencing of amplified DNA from blood. The effects of the mutation on the growth and differentiation of thyroid cells were demonstrated by ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins in PCCL3 normal rat thyroid cells, followed by tests of cell proliferation, activation of cell growth pathways, and transcription of TTF-1 target genes. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: A missense mutation (1016C>T) was identified in TITF-1/NKX2.1 that led to a mutant TTF-1 protein (A339V) in four of the 20 MNG/PTC patients (20%). These patients developed substantially more advanced tumors than MNG/PTC or PTC patients without the mutation (P = .022, Fisher exact test). Notably, this germline mutation was dominantly inherited in two families, with some members bearing the mutation affected with MNG, associated with either PTC or colon cancer. The mutation encoding the A339V substitution was not found among the 349 healthy control subjects nor among the 284 PTC patients who had no history of MNG. Overexpression of A339V TTF-1 in PCCL3 cells, as compared with overexpression of WT TTF-1, was associated with increased cell proliferation including thyrotropin-independent growth (average A339V proliferation rate = 134.27%, WT rate = 104.43%, difference = 34.3%, 95% confidence interval = 12.0% to 47.7%, P = .010), enhanced STAT3 activation, and impaired transcription of the thyroid-specific genes Tg , TSH-R , and Pax-8 . Conclusion: This is the first germline mutation identified in MNG/PTC patients. It could contribute to predisposition for MNG and/or PTC and to the pathogenesis of PTC. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Background The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is important to thyroid development, we evaluated whether the gene that encodes it, TITF-1/NKX2.1, is a genetic determinant of MNG/PTC predisposition. Methods Twenty unrelated PTC patients with a history of MNG (MNG/PTC), 284 PTC patients without a history of MNG (PTC), and 349 healthy control subjects were screened for germline mutation(s) in TITF-1/NKX2.1 by sequencing of amplified DNA from blood. The effects of the mutation on the growth and differentiation of thyroid cells were demonstrated by ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins in PCCL3 normal rat thyroid cells, followed by tests of cell proliferation, activation of cell growth pathways, and transcription of TTF-1 target genes. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results A missense mutation (1016C>T) was identified in TITF-1/NKX2.1 that led to a mutant TTF-1 protein (A339V) in four of the 20 MNG/PTC patients (20%). These patients developed substantially more advanced tumors than MNG/PTC or PTC patients without the mutation (P = .022, Fisher exact test). Notably, this germline mutation was dominantly inherited in two families, with some members bearing the mutation affected with MNG, associated with either PTC or colon cancer. The mutation encoding the A339V substitution was not found among the 349 healthy control subjects nor among the 284 PTC patients who had no history of MNG. Overexpression of A339V TTF-1 in PCCL3 cells, as compared with overexpression of WT TTF-1, was associated with increased cell proliferation including thyrotropin-independent growth (average A339V proliferation rate = 134.27%, WT rate = 104.43%, difference = 34.3%, 95% confidence interval = 12.0% to 47.7%, P = .010), enhanced STAT3 activation, and impaired transcription of the thyroid-specific genes Tg, TSH-R, and Pax-8. Conclusion This is the first germline mutation identified in MNG/PTC patients. It could contribute to predisposition for MNG and/or PTC and to the pathogenesis of PTC. Background The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is important to thyroid development, we evaluated whether the gene that encodes it, TITF-1/NKX2.1, is a genetic determinant of MNG/PTC predisposition. Methods Twenty unrelated PTC patients with a history of MNG (MNG/PTC), 284 PTC patients without a history of MNG (PTC), and 349 healthy control subjects were screened for germline mutation(s) in TITF-1/NKX2.1 by sequencing of amplified DNA from blood. The effects of the mutation on the growth and differentiation of thyroid cells were demonstrated by ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins in PCCL3 normal rat thyroid cells, followed by tests of cell proliferation, activation of cell growth pathways, and transcription of TTF-1 target genes. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results A missense mutation (1016C>T) was identified in TITF-1/NKX2.1 that led to a mutant TTF-1 protein (A339V) in four of the 20 MNG/PTC patients (20%). These patients developed substantially more advanced tumors than MNG/PTC or PTC patients without the mutation (P = .022, Fisher exact test). Notably, this germline mutation was dominantly inherited in two families, with some members bearing the mutation affected with MNG, associated with either PTC or colon cancer. The mutation encoding the A339V substitution was not found among the 349 healthy control subjects nor among the 284 PTC patients who had no history of MNG. Overexpression of A339V TTF-1 in PCCL3 cells, as compared with overexpression of WT TTF-1, was associated with increased cell proliferation including thyrotropin-independent growth (average A339V proliferation rate = 134.27%, WT rate = 104.43%, difference = 34.3%, 95% confidence interval = 12.0% to 47.7%, P = .010), enhanced STAT3 activation, and impaired transcription of the thyroid-specific genes Tg, TSH-R, and Pax-8. Conclusion This is the first germline mutation identified in MNG/PTC patients. It could contribute to predisposition for MNG and/or PTC and to the pathogenesis of PTC. The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is important to thyroid development, we evaluated whether the gene that encodes it, TITF-1/NKX2.1, is a genetic determinant of MNG/PTC predisposition.BACKGROUNDThe genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is important to thyroid development, we evaluated whether the gene that encodes it, TITF-1/NKX2.1, is a genetic determinant of MNG/PTC predisposition.Twenty unrelated PTC patients with a history of MNG (MNG/PTC), 284 PTC patients without a history of MNG (PTC), and 349 healthy control subjects were screened for germline mutation(s) in TITF-1/NKX2.1 by sequencing of amplified DNA from blood. The effects of the mutation on the growth and differentiation of thyroid cells were demonstrated by ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins in PCCL3 normal rat thyroid cells, followed by tests of cell proliferation, activation of cell growth pathways, and transcription of TTF-1 target genes. All statistical tests were two-sided.METHODSTwenty unrelated PTC patients with a history of MNG (MNG/PTC), 284 PTC patients without a history of MNG (PTC), and 349 healthy control subjects were screened for germline mutation(s) in TITF-1/NKX2.1 by sequencing of amplified DNA from blood. The effects of the mutation on the growth and differentiation of thyroid cells were demonstrated by ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins in PCCL3 normal rat thyroid cells, followed by tests of cell proliferation, activation of cell growth pathways, and transcription of TTF-1 target genes. All statistical tests were two-sided.A missense mutation (1016C>T) was identified in TITF-1/NKX2.1 that led to a mutant TTF-1 protein (A339V) in four of the 20 MNG/PTC patients (20%). These patients developed substantially more advanced tumors than MNG/PTC or PTC patients without the mutation (P = .022, Fisher exact test). Notably, this germline mutation was dominantly inherited in two families, with some members bearing the mutation affected with MNG, associated with either PTC or colon cancer. The mutation encoding the A339V substitution was not found among the 349 healthy control subjects nor among the 284 PTC patients who had no history of MNG. Overexpression of A339V TTF-1 in PCCL3 cells, as compared with overexpression of WT TTF-1, was associated with increased cell proliferation including thyrotropin-independent growth (average A339V proliferation rate = 134.27%, WT rate = 104.43%, difference = 34.3%, 95% confidence interval = 12.0% to 47.7%, P = .010), enhanced STAT3 activation, and impaired transcription of the thyroid-specific genes Tg, TSH-R, and Pax-8.RESULTSA missense mutation (1016C>T) was identified in TITF-1/NKX2.1 that led to a mutant TTF-1 protein (A339V) in four of the 20 MNG/PTC patients (20%). These patients developed substantially more advanced tumors than MNG/PTC or PTC patients without the mutation (P = .022, Fisher exact test). Notably, this germline mutation was dominantly inherited in two families, with some members bearing the mutation affected with MNG, associated with either PTC or colon cancer. The mutation encoding the A339V substitution was not found among the 349 healthy control subjects nor among the 284 PTC patients who had no history of MNG. Overexpression of A339V TTF-1 in PCCL3 cells, as compared with overexpression of WT TTF-1, was associated with increased cell proliferation including thyrotropin-independent growth (average A339V proliferation rate = 134.27%, WT rate = 104.43%, difference = 34.3%, 95% confidence interval = 12.0% to 47.7%, P = .010), enhanced STAT3 activation, and impaired transcription of the thyroid-specific genes Tg, TSH-R, and Pax-8.This is the first germline mutation identified in MNG/PTC patients. It could contribute to predisposition for MNG and/or PTC and to the pathogenesis of PTC.CONCLUSIONThis is the first germline mutation identified in MNG/PTC patients. It could contribute to predisposition for MNG and/or PTC and to the pathogenesis of PTC. The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is important to thyroid development, we evaluated whether the gene that encodes it, TITF-1/NKX2.1, is a genetic determinant of MNG/PTC predisposition. Twenty unrelated PTC patients with a history of MNG (MNG/PTC), 284 PTC patients without a history of MNG (PTC), and 349 healthy control subjects were screened for germline mutation(s) in TITF-1/NKX2.1 by sequencing of amplified DNA from blood. The effects of the mutation on the growth and differentiation of thyroid cells were demonstrated by ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) and mutant proteins in PCCL3 normal rat thyroid cells, followed by tests of cell proliferation, activation of cell growth pathways, and transcription of TTF-1 target genes. All statistical tests were two-sided. A missense mutation (1016C>T) was identified in TITF-1/NKX2.1 that led to a mutant TTF-1 protein (A339V) in four of the 20 MNG/PTC patients (20%). These patients developed substantially more advanced tumors than MNG/PTC or PTC patients without the mutation (P = .022, Fisher exact test). Notably, this germline mutation was dominantly inherited in two families, with some members bearing the mutation affected with MNG, associated with either PTC or colon cancer. The mutation encoding the A339V substitution was not found among the 349 healthy control subjects nor among the 284 PTC patients who had no history of MNG. Overexpression of A339V TTF-1 in PCCL3 cells, as compared with overexpression of WT TTF-1, was associated with increased cell proliferation including thyrotropin-independent growth (average A339V proliferation rate = 134.27%, WT rate = 104.43%, difference = 34.3%, 95% confidence interval = 12.0% to 47.7%, P = .010), enhanced STAT3 activation, and impaired transcription of the thyroid-specific genes Tg, TSH-R, and Pax-8. This is the first germline mutation identified in MNG/PTC patients. It could contribute to predisposition for MNG and/or PTC and to the pathogenesis of PTC. |
Author | Ngan, Elly S. W. Garcia-Barceló, Maria-Mercè Shum, Cathy K. Y. Cherny, Stacey S. So, Man-Ting Leon, Thomas Y. Y. Lo, Chung-Yau Tam, Paul K. H. Liu, Tingting Tsai, Sophia Y. Lang, Brian H. H. Lau, Danny K. C. Khoo, Ui-Soon |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Elly S. W. surname: Ngan fullname: Ngan, Elly S. W. email: engan@hku.hk organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 2 givenname: Brian H. H. surname: Lang fullname: Lang, Brian H. H. organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 3 givenname: Tingting surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Tingting organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 4 givenname: Cathy K. Y. surname: Shum fullname: Shum, Cathy K. Y. organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 5 givenname: Man-Ting surname: So fullname: So, Man-Ting organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 6 givenname: Danny K. C. surname: Lau fullname: Lau, Danny K. C. organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 7 givenname: Thomas Y. Y. surname: Leon fullname: Leon, Thomas Y. Y. organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 8 givenname: Stacey S. surname: Cherny fullname: Cherny, Stacey S. organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 9 givenname: Sophia Y. surname: Tsai fullname: Tsai, Sophia Y. organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 10 givenname: Chung-Yau surname: Lo fullname: Lo, Chung-Yau organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 11 givenname: Ui-Soon surname: Khoo fullname: Khoo, Ui-Soon organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 12 givenname: Paul K. H. surname: Tam fullname: Tam, Paul K. H. organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) – sequence: 13 givenname: Maria-Mercè surname: Garcia-Barceló fullname: Garcia-Barceló, Maria-Mercè organization: Affiliations of authors: Department of Surgery, Centre for Cancer Research, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (ESWN), Department of Surgery (BHHL, TL, CKYS, M-TS, DKCL, TYYL, C-YL), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (PKHT), Department of Surgery, Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth (M-MG-B), Department of Pathology (U-SK), Department of Psychiatry (SSC), Genome Research Centre (SSC), University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (SYT) |
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Snippet | Background The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined.... Background The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined.... The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined. Because... Background: The genetic factors that determine the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) remain undefined.... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Alanine Animals Biological and medical sciences Carcinoma, Papillary - genetics Carcinoma, Papillary - metabolism Carcinoma, Papillary - pathology Case-Control Studies Cell Proliferation Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - metabolism Child Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Endocrinopathies Female Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Germ-Line Mutation Goiter, Nodular - genetics Goiter, Nodular - metabolism Goiter, Nodular - pathology Head & neck cancer Humans Immunoblotting Luciferases Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Mutation Neoplasm Staging Non tumoral diseases. Target tissue resistance. Benign neoplasms Nuclear Proteins - genetics Nuclear Proteins - metabolism Oncology Pathology Rats Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Signal Transduction - genetics Thyroid diseases Thyroid Gland - cytology Thyroid Gland - metabolism Thyroid Neoplasms - genetics Thyroid Neoplasms - metabolism Thyroid Neoplasms - pathology Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 Thyroid. Thyroid axis (diseases) Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription Factors - metabolism Transcription, Genetic Tumors Up-Regulation Valine Young Adult |
Title | A Germline Mutation (A339V) in Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TITF-1/NKX2.1) in Patients With Multinodular Goiter and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma |
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