Biomarkers of Exposure Among "Dual Users" of Tobacco Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes in Canada

• Published in: Nicotine & tobacco research Vol. 21; no. 9; p. 1259
• Main Authors: Czoli, Christine D, Fong, Geoffrey T, Goniewicz, Maciej L, Hammond, David
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 19.08.2019
• Subjects: Adult; Biomarkers - urine; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide - analysis; Cigarette Smoking - epidemiology; Cigarette Smoking - urine; Cross-Over Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ontario - epidemiology; Smokers; Smoking Cessation - methods; Tobacco Products - analysis; Vaping - epidemiology; Vaping - urine; Ontario

"Dual use" refers to the concurrent use of tobacco cigarettes (smoking) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes; vaping). Although dual use is common among e-cigarette users, there is little evidence regarding biomarkers of exposure among dual users and how these change under different con...