Use of glucose-lowering drugs and risk of fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes

• Published in: Bone (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 95; pp. 136 - 142
• Main Authors: Starup-Linde, Jakob, PhD, Gregersen, Søren, PhD, Frost, Morten, PhD, Vestergaard, Peter, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.02.2017
• Subjects: Confidence Intervals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Female; Fracture; Fractures, Bone - chemically induced; Fractures, Bone - epidemiology; Glucose-lowering drugs; Hip fracture; Hip Fractures - chemically induced; Hip Fractures - epidemiology; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - adverse effects; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Orthopedics; Risk Factors; Sulfonylurea Compounds - adverse effects; Sulfonylurea Compounds - therapeutic use; Sulphonylureas; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; International Classification of Diseases; anatomical therapeutic classification; GLP-1; CCI; S ulphonylureas; HR; Fracture; ICD; Charlson comorbidity index; ATC; G lucose-lowering drugs; dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors; glucagon like peptide-1; DPPIV-i; hazard ratio; H ip fracture; T ype 2 diabetes mellitus; Glucose-lowering drugs; Hip fracture; Sulphonylureas; Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.026
• ISSN: 8756-3282

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. The aim of this cohort study was to investigate whether glucose-lowering drugs influence the risk of hip fracture in patients with incident diabetes. Methods A study was performed on a cohort of patients with incident type 2 diabetes. Diabetes diagnosis was defined using information from the Danish National Patient Registry and reimbursement information of glucose-lowering drugs from the Register of Medicinal Product Statistics. The period of observation was from 01.01.1996 till 31.12.2011. The primary exposure was glucose-lowering drugs and the primary endpoint was hip fracture. Unadjusted, adjusted, and propensity score adjusted Cox regressions were performed. Results 5 244 patients with type 2 diabetes with a mean follow up of 5.5 years were included in the study. Use of sulphonylureas within the last 90 days was associated with hip fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes, hazard ratio 1.64 (95 % confidence interval: 1.54,1.75), whereas ever use of sulohonylyreas was not associated with an increased risk of fractures. Use of sulphonylureas within the last 90 days was also associated with an increased risk of fractures at other sites. Use of glitazones within the last 90 days was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture, hazard ratio 2.07 (95 % confidence interval: 1.39,3.07), whereas ever use was not associated with an increased risk. Conclusions Current use of sulphonylureas was associated with hip fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes. Speculatively, this may be due to hypoglycemia resulting in falls.