Antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria: Occurrence, spread, and control

The production and use of antibiotics are becoming increasingly common worldwide, and the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing alarmingly. Drug‐resistant infections threaten human life and health and impose a heavy burden on the global economy. The origin and molecular basis of bacterial r...

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Published inJournal of basic microbiology Vol. 61; no. 12; pp. 1049 - 1070
Main Authors Jian, Zonghui, Zeng, Li, Xu, Taojie, Sun, Shuai, Yan, Shixiong, Yang, Lan, Huang, Ying, Jia, Junjing, Dou, Tengfei
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Germany 01.12.2021
Subjects
air
aircraft
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
antibiotic resistance
antibiotic resistance genes
antimicrobial resistance
Bacteria - genetics
Bacterial Infections
bacteriophages
Drug Resistance, Microbial
drug‐resistant bacteria
feces
Genes, Bacterial
horizontal gene transfer
Humans
mechanism of action
migratory birds
multidrug resistance
multiple drug resistance
plasmids
wastewater
multidrug resistance
antibiotic resistance genes
drug-resistant bacteria
antimicrobial resistance
horizontal gene transfer
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Abstract The production and use of antibiotics are becoming increasingly common worldwide, and the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing alarmingly. Drug‐resistant infections threaten human life and health and impose a heavy burden on the global economy. The origin and molecular basis of bacterial resistance is the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Investigations on ARGs mostly focus on the environments in which antibiotics are frequently used, such as hospitals and farms. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge of the occurrence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in nonclinical environments, such as air, aircraft wastewater, migratory bird feces, and sea areas in‐depth, which have rarely been involved in previous studies. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of plasmid and phage during horizontal gene transfer was analyzed, and the transmission mechanism of ARGs was summarized. This review highlights the new mechanisms that enhance antibiotic resistance and the evolutionary background of multidrug resistance; in addition, some promising points for controlling or reducing the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are also proposed.
AbstractList The production and use of antibiotics are becoming increasingly common worldwide, and the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing alarmingly. Drug‐resistant infections threaten human life and health and impose a heavy burden on the global economy. The origin and molecular basis of bacterial resistance is the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Investigations on ARGs mostly focus on the environments in which antibiotics are frequently used, such as hospitals and farms. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge of the occurrence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in nonclinical environments, such as air, aircraft wastewater, migratory bird feces, and sea areas in‐depth, which have rarely been involved in previous studies. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of plasmid and phage during horizontal gene transfer was analyzed, and the transmission mechanism of ARGs was summarized. This review highlights the new mechanisms that enhance antibiotic resistance and the evolutionary background of multidrug resistance; in addition, some promising points for controlling or reducing the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are also proposed.
The production and use of antibiotics are becoming increasingly common worldwide, and the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing alarmingly. Drug-resistant infections threaten human life and health and impose a heavy burden on the global economy. The origin and molecular basis of bacterial resistance is the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Investigations on ARGs mostly focus on the environments in which antibiotics are frequently used, such as hospitals and farms. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge of the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in nonclinical environments, such as air, aircraft wastewater, migratory bird feces, and sea areas in-depth, which have rarely been involved in previous studies. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of plasmid and phage during horizontal gene transfer was analyzed, and the transmission mechanism of ARGs was summarized. This review highlights the new mechanisms that enhance antibiotic resistance and the evolutionary background of multidrug resistance; in addition, some promising points for controlling or reducing the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are also proposed.The production and use of antibiotics are becoming increasingly common worldwide, and the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing alarmingly. Drug-resistant infections threaten human life and health and impose a heavy burden on the global economy. The origin and molecular basis of bacterial resistance is the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Investigations on ARGs mostly focus on the environments in which antibiotics are frequently used, such as hospitals and farms. This literature review summarizes the current knowledge of the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in nonclinical environments, such as air, aircraft wastewater, migratory bird feces, and sea areas in-depth, which have rarely been involved in previous studies. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of plasmid and phage during horizontal gene transfer was analyzed, and the transmission mechanism of ARGs was summarized. This review highlights the new mechanisms that enhance antibiotic resistance and the evolutionary background of multidrug resistance; in addition, some promising points for controlling or reducing the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are also proposed.
Author Zeng, Li
Jia, Junjing
Dou, Tengfei
Xu, Taojie
Jian, Zonghui
Yan, Shixiong
Yang, Lan
Huang, Ying
Sun, Shuai
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Zonghui
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9156-4757
  surname: Jian
  fullname: Jian, Zonghui
  organization: Yunnan Agricultural University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Li
  surname: Zeng
  fullname: Zeng, Li
  organization: Kunming Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Taojie
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Taojie
  organization: Yunnan Agricultural University
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Shuai
  surname: Sun
  fullname: Sun, Shuai
  organization: Yunnan Agricultural University
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Shixiong
  surname: Yan
  fullname: Yan, Shixiong
  organization: Yunnan Agricultural University
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Lan
  surname: Yang
  fullname: Yang, Lan
  organization: Yunnan Agricultural University
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Ying
  surname: Huang
  fullname: Huang, Ying
  organization: Yunnan Agricultural University
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Junjing
  surname: Jia
  fullname: Jia, Junjing
  email: junjingli2009@hotmail.com
  organization: Yunnan Agricultural University
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Tengfei
  surname: Dou
  fullname: Dou, Tengfei
  email: tengfeidou@sina.com
  organization: Yunnan Agricultural University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34651331$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 12
Keywords multidrug resistance
antibiotic resistance genes
drug-resistant bacteria
antimicrobial resistance
horizontal gene transfer
Language English
License Attribution-NonCommercial
2021 The Authors. Journal of Basic Microbiology published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Notes Zonghui Jian, Li Zeng, and Taojie Xu contributed equally to this study.
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Snippet The production and use of antibiotics are becoming increasingly common worldwide, and the problem of antibiotic resistance is increasing alarmingly....
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SubjectTerms air
aircraft
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
antibiotic resistance
antibiotic resistance genes
antimicrobial resistance
Bacteria - genetics
Bacterial Infections
bacteriophages
Drug Resistance, Microbial
drug‐resistant bacteria
feces
Genes, Bacterial
horizontal gene transfer
Humans
mechanism of action
migratory birds
multidrug resistance
multiple drug resistance
plasmids
wastewater
Title Antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria: Occurrence, spread, and control
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fjobm.202100201
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34651331
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Volume 61
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