Immune checkpoint modulators in cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and combination rationales

• Published in: Cancer letters Vol. 456; pp. 23 - 28
• Main Authors: Fan, Li, Li, Yue, Chen, Jia-Yu, Zheng, Yong-Fa, Xu, Xi-Ming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.08.2019; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Ani-PD-1/L1; Animals; Anti-CTLA-4; Antigens; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological - adverse effects; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological - therapeutic use; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - adverse effects; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - therapeutic use; Antitumor activity; Apoptosis; Autoimmune diseases; Biomarkers; Cancer; Cancer immunotherapy; Carcinogenesis; Cell Communication; Clinical trials; Combinational immunotherapy; Editing; Fibroblasts; Homeostasis; Humans; Immune checkpoint; Immune checkpoint modulators; Immunoglobulins; Immunomodulation; Immunosurveillance; Immunotherapy; Ligands; Lymphocytes; Melanoma; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Neoplasms - immunology; Neoplasms - metabolism; Neoplasms - pathology; PD-1 protein; Proteins; Response rates; Signal Transduction; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Ani-PD-1/L1; Immune checkpoint modulators; Combinational immunotherapy; Anti-CTLA-4

As a new hallmark of cancer, immune surveillance evading plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. Through modulating the immune checkpoints, immune cells in tumor microenvironment can be harnessed to battle cancer cells. In recent years, the administration of anti-CTLA or/and anti-PD-1/L1 antibody h...