Cytomegalovirus-Induced Effector T Cells Cause Endothelial Cell Damage

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Published inClinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 19; no. 5; pp. 772 - 779
Main Authors van de Berg, Pablo J E J, Yong, Si-La, Remmerswaal, Ester B M, van Lier, René A W, ten Berge, Ineke J M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society for Microbiology 01.05.2012
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Abstract Classifications Services CVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue CVI About CVI Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy CVI RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 1556-6811 Online ISSN: 1556-679X Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to CVI .asm.org, visit: CVI       
AbstractList Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been linked to inflammatory diseases that involve vascular endothelial cell damage, but definitive proof for a direct cytopathic effect of CMV in these diseases is lacking. CMV infection is associated with a strong increase in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with constitutive effector functions that can perpetuate systemic inflammation. We investigated whether CMV-induced immune responses could lead to endothelial damage in humans. We found that terminally differentiated effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, formed during primary CMV infection and maintained throughout latency, express high levels of CX3CR1 and CXCR3. The ligands of these receptors, fractalkine and IP-10, respectively, are expressed by activated endothelial cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with CMV antigen produced soluble factors that stimulated endothelial cells to produce both chemokines. Finally, effector cells migrated in a fractalkine- and IP-10-dependent fashion to activated endothelial cells and induced apoptosis in endothelial cells that were stimulated by supernatant from CMV-activated PBMC. Our findings offer an explanation for the accumulation of highly differentiated T cells near to the endothelium in CMV-infected individuals that may result in endothelial damage.
ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been linked to inflammatory diseases that involve vascular endothelial cell damage, but definitive proof for a direct cytopathic effect of CMV in these diseases is lacking. CMV infection is associated with a strong increase in both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells with constitutive effector functions that can perpetuate systemic inflammation. We investigated whether CMV-induced immune responses could lead to endothelial damage in humans. We found that terminally differentiated effector CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, formed during primary CMV infection and maintained throughout latency, express high levels of CX3CR1 and CXCR3. The ligands of these receptors, fractalkine and IP-10, respectively, are expressed by activated endothelial cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with CMV antigen produced soluble factors that stimulated endothelial cells to produce both chemokines. Finally, effector cells migrated in a fractalkine- and IP-10-dependent fashion to activated endothelial cells and induced apoptosis in endothelial cells that were stimulated by supernatant from CMV-activated PBMC. Our findings offer an explanation for the accumulation of highly differentiated T cells near to the endothelium in CMV-infected individuals that may result in endothelial damage.
Classifications Services CVI Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue CVI About CVI Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy CVI RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 1556-6811 Online ISSN: 1556-679X Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to CVI .asm.org, visit: CVI       
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been linked to inflammatory diseases that involve vascular endothelial cell damage, but definitive proof for a direct cytopathic effect of CMV in these diseases is lacking. CMV infection is associated with a strong increase in both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells with constitutive effector functions that can perpetuate systemic inflammation. We investigated whether CMV-induced immune responses could lead to endothelial damage in humans. We found that terminally differentiated effector CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, formed during primary CMV infection and maintained throughout latency, express high levels of CX3CR1 and CXCR3. The ligands of these receptors, fractalkine and IP-10, respectively, are expressed by activated endothelial cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with CMV antigen produced soluble factors that stimulated endothelial cells to produce both chemokines. Finally, effector cells migrated in a fractalkine- and IP-10-dependent fashion to activated endothelial cells and induced apoptosis in endothelial cells that were stimulated by supernatant from CMV-activated PBMC. Our findings offer an explanation for the accumulation of highly differentiated T cells near to the endothelium in CMV-infected individuals that may result in endothelial damage.
Author Si-La Yong
Ester B. M. Remmerswaal
Pablo J. E. J. van de Berg
Ineke J. M. ten Berge
René A. W. van Lier
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Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been linked to inflammatory diseases that involve vascular endothelial cell damage, but definitive proof for a direct...
ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been linked to inflammatory diseases that involve vascular endothelial cell damage, but definitive proof for...
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SubjectTerms Apoptosis
CD4 antigen
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD8 antigen
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
Chemokine CX3CL1 - biosynthesis
Chemokine CXCL10 - biosynthesis
Chemokines
Clinical Immunology
CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
CX3CR1 protein
CXCR3 protein
Cytokines - secretion
Cytomegalovirus - immunology
Cytomegalovirus - pathogenicity
Cytomegalovirus Infections - immunology
Cytomegalovirus Infections - pathology
Effector cells
Endothelial cells
Endothelial Cells - immunology
Endothelial Cells - virology
Endothelium
Fractalkine
Gene Expression
Human cytomegalovirus
Humans
Infection
Inflammatory diseases
IP-10 protein
Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology
Lymphocytes T
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Receptors, Chemokine - biosynthesis
Receptors, CXCR3 - biosynthesis
Title Cytomegalovirus-Induced Effector T Cells Cause Endothelial Cell Damage
URI http://cvi.asm.org/content/19/5/772.abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22398244
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1010231373
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1020840043
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3346330
Volume 19
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