Elevated paleomagnetic dispersion at Saint Helena suggests long-lived anomalous behavior in the South Atlantic
Earth’s magnetic field is presently characterized by a large and growing anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean. The question of whether this region of Earth’s surface is preferentially subject to enhanced geomagnetic variability on geological timescales has major implications for core dynamics, core−m...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 117; no. 31; pp. 18258 - 18263 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
04.08.2020
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Earth’s magnetic field is presently characterized by a large and growing anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean. The question of whether this region of Earth’s surface is preferentially subject to enhanced geomagnetic variability on geological timescales has major implications for core dynamics, core−mantle interaction, and the possibility of an imminent magnetic polarity reversal. Here we present paleomagnetic data from Saint Helena, a volcanic island ideally suited for testing the hypothesis that geomagnetic field behavior is anomalous in the South Atlantic on timescales of millions of years. Our results, supported by positive baked contact and reversal tests, produce a mean direction approximating that expected from a geocentric axial dipole for the interval 8 to 11 million years ago, but with very large associated directional dispersion. These findings indicate that, on geological timescales, geomagnetic secular variation is persistently enhanced in the vicinity of Saint Helena. This, in turn, supports the South Atlantic as a locus of unusual geomagnetic behavior arising from core−mantle interaction, while also appearing to reduce the likelihood that the present-day regional anomaly is a precursor to a global polarity reversal. |
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| AbstractList | Earth's magnetic field is presently characterized by a large and growing anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean. The question of whether this region of Earth's surface is preferentially subject to enhanced geomagnetic variability on geological timescales has major implications for core dynamics, core-mantle interaction, and the possibility of an imminent magnetic polarity reversal. Here we present paleomagnetic data from Saint Helena, a volcanic island ideally suited for testing the hypothesis that geomagnetic field behavior is anomalous in the South Atlantic on timescales of millions of years. Our results, supported by positive baked contact and reversal tests, produce a mean direction approximating that expected from a geocentric axial dipole for the interval 8 to 11 million years ago, but with very large associated directional dispersion. These findings indicate that, on geological timescales, geomagnetic secular variation is persistently enhanced in the vicinity of Saint Helena. This, in turn, supports the South Atlantic as a locus of unusual geomagnetic behavior arising from core-mantle interaction, while also appearing to reduce the likelihood that the present-day regional anomaly is a precursor to a global polarity reversal. Earth’s magnetic field is generated in the outer core by convecting liquid iron and protects the atmosphere from solar wind erosion. The most substantial anomaly in the magnetic field is in the South Atlantic (SA). An important conjecture is that this region could be a site of recurring anomalies because of unusual core−mantle conditions, but this has not previously been tested on geological timescales. With paleodirectional data from rocks from Saint Helena, an island in the SA, we show that the directional behavior of the magnetic field in the SA did indeed vary anomalously between ∼8 million and 11 million years ago. This supports the hypothesis of core−mantle interaction being manifest in the long-term geomagnetic field behavior of this region. Earth’s magnetic field is presently characterized by a large and growing anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean. The question of whether this region of Earth’s surface is preferentially subject to enhanced geomagnetic variability on geological timescales has major implications for core dynamics, core−mantle interaction, and the possibility of an imminent magnetic polarity reversal. Here we present paleomagnetic data from Saint Helena, a volcanic island ideally suited for testing the hypothesis that geomagnetic field behavior is anomalous in the South Atlantic on timescales of millions of years. Our results, supported by positive baked contact and reversal tests, produce a mean direction approximating that expected from a geocentric axial dipole for the interval 8 to 11 million years ago, but with very large associated directional dispersion. These findings indicate that, on geological timescales, geomagnetic secular variation is persistently enhanced in the vicinity of Saint Helena. This, in turn, supports the South Atlantic as a locus of unusual geomagnetic behavior arising from core−mantle interaction, while also appearing to reduce the likelihood that the present-day regional anomaly is a precursor to a global polarity reversal. Earth's magnetic field is presently characterized by a large and growing anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean. The question of whether this region of Earth's surface is preferentially subject to enhanced geomagnetic variability on geological timescales has major implications for core dynamics, core-mantle interaction, and the possibility of an imminent magnetic polarity reversal. Here we present paleomagnetic data from Saint Helena, a volcanic island ideally suited for testing the hypothesis that geomagnetic field behavior is anomalous in the South Atlantic on timescales of millions of years. Our results, supported by positive baked contact and reversal tests, produce a mean direction approximating that expected from a geocentric axial dipole for the interval 8 to 11 million years ago, but with very large associated directional dispersion. These findings indicate that, on geological timescales, geomagnetic secular variation is persistently enhanced in the vicinity of Saint Helena. This, in turn, supports the South Atlantic as a locus of unusual geomagnetic behavior arising from core-mantle interaction, while also appearing to reduce the likelihood that the present-day regional anomaly is a precursor to a global polarity reversal.Earth's magnetic field is presently characterized by a large and growing anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean. The question of whether this region of Earth's surface is preferentially subject to enhanced geomagnetic variability on geological timescales has major implications for core dynamics, core-mantle interaction, and the possibility of an imminent magnetic polarity reversal. Here we present paleomagnetic data from Saint Helena, a volcanic island ideally suited for testing the hypothesis that geomagnetic field behavior is anomalous in the South Atlantic on timescales of millions of years. Our results, supported by positive baked contact and reversal tests, produce a mean direction approximating that expected from a geocentric axial dipole for the interval 8 to 11 million years ago, but with very large associated directional dispersion. These findings indicate that, on geological timescales, geomagnetic secular variation is persistently enhanced in the vicinity of Saint Helena. This, in turn, supports the South Atlantic as a locus of unusual geomagnetic behavior arising from core-mantle interaction, while also appearing to reduce the likelihood that the present-day regional anomaly is a precursor to a global polarity reversal. Earth's magnetic field is presently characterized by a large and growing anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean. The question of whether this region of Earth's surface is preferentially subject to enhanced geomagnetic variability on geological timescales has major implications for core dynamics, core−mantle interaction, and the possibility of an imminent magnetic polarity reversal. Here we present paleomagnetic data from Saint Helena, a volcanic island ideally suited for testing the hypothesis that geomagnetic field behavior is anomalous in the South Atlantic on timescales of millions of years. Our results, supported by positive baked contact and reversal tests, produce a mean direction approximating that expected from a geocentric axial dipole for the interval 8 to 11 million years ago, but with very large associated directional dispersion. These findings indicate that, on geological timescales, geomagnetic secular variation is persistently enhanced in the vicinity of Saint Helena. This, in turn, supports the South Atlantic as a locus of unusual geomagnetic behavior arising from core−mantle interaction, while also appearing to reduce the likelihood that the present-day regional anomaly is a precursor to a global polarity reversal. |
| Author | Biggin, Andrew J. Bono, Richard K. Engbers, Yael A. |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32690684$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1073/pnas.1722110115 10.1093/gji/ggy519 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.015 10.1093/gji/ggz480 10.1038/ncomms8865 10.5194/nhess-13-3395-2013 10.1038/2151451a0 10.1126/science.1124855 10.1038/326167a0 10.1029/2011GC003751 10.1186/s40623-015-0228-9 10.1016/j.pepi.2003.09.008 10.1038/s41467-019-11314-6 10.1029/2018GC007863 10.1038/416620a 10.1016/j.tecto.2017.10.004 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05066.x 10.1038/ncomms10422 10.1002/2015GC005901 10.1029/90JB02223 10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00120-7 10.1038/nature12574 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.039 10.3389/feart.2015.00061 10.1093/gji/ggt487 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.04.022 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.049 10.1029/1999JB900238 10.1029/2007GC001696 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb01219.x 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00024-6 10.1038/nature05203 10.1016/j.pepi.2008.07.004 10.1002/2013JB010358 10.1590/S0001-37652009000200010 10.3389/feart.2016.00040 10.1093/gji/ggu120 10.1002/ggge.20199 10.1016/j.pepi.2017.11.005 10.1016/0031-9201(94)90012-4 10.1093/gji/ggu423 10.1002/2014JB011786 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05050.x 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06604.x 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.039 10.1038/s41598-017-11039-w 10.1098/rspa.1953.0064 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.10.031 10.1201/9780429246593 10.1098/rsta.2000.0569 10.1016/j.gca.2014.03.016 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.050 10.1002/2017GC007318 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03741.x 10.1016/j.cageo.2016.05.007 10.1038/nature09216 10.1002/2017GL076007 10.1029/2008GC002290 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02601.x 10.1093/gji/ggaa007 |
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| Snippet | Earth’s magnetic field is presently characterized by a large and growing anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean. The question of whether this region of Earth’s... Earth’s magnetic field is generated in the outer core by convecting liquid iron and protects the atmosphere from solar wind erosion. The most substantial... Earth's magnetic field is presently characterized by a large and growing anomaly in the South Atlantic Ocean. The question of whether this region of Earth's... |
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| SubjectTerms | Dipoles Dispersion Earth surface Geology Geomagnetic field Geomagnetism Magnetic fields Magnetism Paleomagnetism Physical Sciences Polarity Secular variations Volcanic islands |
| Title | Elevated paleomagnetic dispersion at Saint Helena suggests long-lived anomalous behavior in the South Atlantic |
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