Excess risk for acute myocardial infarction mortality during the COVID‐19 pandemic

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Our study armed to assess the extent and the disparity in excess acute myocardial infarction (AMI)‐associated mortality during the pandemic, through the recent Omicron outbreak. Using data from the CDC's National Vital...

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Published inJournal of medical virology Vol. 95; no. 1; pp. e28187 - n/a
Main Authors Yeo, Yee Hui, Wang, Maggie, He, Xinyuan, Lv, Fan, Zhang, Yue, Zu, Jian, Li, Mei, Jiao, Yang, Ebinger, Joseph E., Patel, Jignesh K., Cheng, Susan, Ji, Fanpu
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LanguageEnglish
Published United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.01.2023
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Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Our study armed to assess the extent and the disparity in excess acute myocardial infarction (AMI)‐associated mortality during the pandemic, through the recent Omicron outbreak. Using data from the CDC's National Vital Statistics System, we identified 1 522 669 AMI‐associated deaths occurring between 4/1/2012 and 3/31/2022. Accounting for seasonality, we compared age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for AMI‐associated deaths between prepandemic and pandemic periods, including observed versus predicted ASMR, and examined temporal trends by demographic groups and region. Before the pandemic, AMI‐associated mortality rates decreased across all subgroups. These trends reversed during the pandemic, with significant rises seen for the youngest‐aged females and males even through the most recent period of the Omicron surge (10/2021–3/2022). The SAPC in the youngest and middle‐age group in AMI‐associated mortality increased by 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%–9.1%) and 3.4% (95% CI: 0.1%–6.8%), respectively. The excess death, defined as the difference between the observed and the predicted mortality rates, was most pronounced for the youngest (25–44 years) aged decedents, ranging from 23% to 34% for the youngest compared to 13%–18% for the oldest age groups. The trend of mortality suggests that age and sex disparities have persisted even through the recent Omicron surge, with excess AMI‐associated mortality being most pronounced in younger‐aged adults.
AbstractList The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Our study armed to assess the extent and the disparity in excess acute myocardial infarction (AMI)-associated mortality during the pandemic, through the recent Omicron outbreak. Using data from the CDC’s National Vitals Statistics System, we identified 1,522,669 AMI-associated deaths occurring between 4/1/2012 and 3/31/2022. Accounting for seasonality, we compared age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for AMI-associated deaths between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, including observed versus predicted ASMR, and examined temporal trends by demographic groups and region. Before the pandemic, AMI-associated mortality rates decreased across all subgroups. These trends reversed during the pandemic, with significant rises seen for the youngest-aged females and males even through the most recent period of the Omicron surge (10/2021–3/2022). The semiannual percent change in the youngest and middle-age group in AMI-associated mortality increased by 5.3% (95%CI:1.6–9.1%) and 3.4% (95%CI:0.1–6.8%), respectively. The excess death, defined as the difference between the observed and the predicted mortality rates, was most pronounced for the youngest (25–44 year) aged decedents, ranging from 23–34% for the youngest compared to 13–18% for the oldest age groups. The trend of mortality suggests that age and sex disparities have persisted even through the recent Omicron surge, with excess AMI-associated mortality being most pronounced in younger-aged adults.
The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Our study armed to assess the extent and the disparity in excess acute myocardial infarction (AMI)‐associated mortality during the pandemic, through the recent Omicron outbreak. Using data from the CDC's National Vital Statistics System, we identified 1 522 669 AMI‐associated deaths occurring between 4/1/2012 and 3/31/2022. Accounting for seasonality, we compared age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for AMI‐associated deaths between prepandemic and pandemic periods, including observed versus predicted ASMR, and examined temporal trends by demographic groups and region. Before the pandemic, AMI‐associated mortality rates decreased across all subgroups. These trends reversed during the pandemic, with significant rises seen for the youngest‐aged females and males even through the most recent period of the Omicron surge (10/2021–3/2022). The SAPC in the youngest and middle‐age group in AMI‐associated mortality increased by 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%–9.1%) and 3.4% (95% CI: 0.1%–6.8%), respectively. The excess death, defined as the difference between the observed and the predicted mortality rates, was most pronounced for the youngest (25–44 years) aged decedents, ranging from 23% to 34% for the youngest compared to 13%–18% for the oldest age groups. The trend of mortality suggests that age and sex disparities have persisted even through the recent Omicron surge, with excess AMI‐associated mortality being most pronounced in younger‐aged adults.
The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Our study armed to assess the extent and the disparity in excess acute myocardial infarction (AMI)‐associated mortality during the pandemic, through the recent Omicron outbreak. Using data from the CDC's National Vital Statistics System, we identified 1 522 669 AMI‐associated deaths occurring between 4/1/2012 and 3/31/2022. Accounting for seasonality, we compared age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for AMI‐associated deaths between prepandemic and pandemic periods, including observed versus predicted ASMR, and examined temporal trends by demographic groups and region. Before the pandemic, AMI‐associated mortality rates decreased across all subgroups. These trends reversed during the pandemic, with significant rises seen for the youngest‐aged females and males even through the most recent period of the Omicron surge (10/2021–3/2022). The SAPC in the youngest and middle‐age group in AMI‐associated mortality increased by 5.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%–9.1%) and 3.4% (95% CI: 0.1%–6.8%), respectively. The excess death, defined as the difference between the observed and the predicted mortality rates, was most pronounced for the youngest (25–44 years) aged decedents, ranging from 23% to 34% for the youngest compared to 13%–18% for the oldest age groups. The trend of mortality suggests that age and sex disparities have persisted even through the recent Omicron surge, with excess AMI‐associated mortality being most pronounced in younger‐aged adults.
Author Patel, Jignesh K.
Ebinger, Joseph E.
Wang, Maggie
Li, Mei
Lv, Fan
Zhang, Yue
Zu, Jian
Jiao, Yang
Cheng, Susan
He, Xinyuan
Ji, Fanpu
Yeo, Yee Hui
AuthorAffiliation 5 Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
3 School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
4 The Eighth Hospital of Xi’an City, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
6 Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
1 Division of General Internal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
7 National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, PRC
2 Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Keywords COVID-19
excess mortality
pandemic
disparity
acute myocardial infarction
Language English
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Notes Yee Hui Yeo, Maggie Wang, and Xinyuan He contributed equally to this study.
Susan Cheng and Fanpu Ji are co‐senior authors.
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Co-senior authors
YHY, MW, XH, SC, FJ: Drafting of the manuscript
YHY, XH, FL, SC, FJ: Study design and data analysis
Equal author contribution
JZ, JEE, JKP, SC: Critical review of the manuscript
SC, FJ: Study conception and study supervision
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All authors contributed to data interpretation, critical revisions, and approval of the final manuscript.
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Snippet The COVID‐19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Our study armed to assess the extent and the disparity in excess acute myocardial...
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Our study armed to assess the extent and the disparity in excess acute myocardial...
SourceID pubmedcentral
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SourceType Open Access Repository
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StartPage e28187
SubjectTerms acute myocardial infarction
Adult
Age
Aged
COVID-19
disparity
excess mortality
Fatalities
Female
Heart attacks
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Mortality
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial Infarction - epidemiology
pandemic
Pandemics
Retrospective Studies
Seasonal variations
Subgroups
Trends
Virology
Vital statistics
Title Excess risk for acute myocardial infarction mortality during the COVID‐19 pandemic
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fjmv.28187
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36176195
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2761191186
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2720433267
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9839603
Volume 95
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