A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress
Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to s...
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| Published in | Ecology and evolution Vol. 12; no. 3; pp. e8736 - n/a |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
01.03.2022
John Wiley and Sons Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2045-7758 2045-7758 |
| DOI | 10.1002/ece3.8736 |
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| Abstract | Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity.
There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional levels. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events.
Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post‐disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait‐based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975–1976 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan.
We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/sub‐massive corals and increasing site‐based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait‐based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5 m) and deep (>8 m) coral genera shifting towards the mid‐depths (5–8 m).
We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value.
Our study compared coral and fish communities between 1975 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan. Over 43 years of urbanization and thermal stress, coral and fish assemblages changed significantly, but functional trait space was conserved, with both taxa experiencing even turnovers across space. We observed a shift in dominant coral morphology from branching to massive, and a “depth compression” of corals, with the average depths of deep and shallow coral genera compressing towards the mid‐depths. |
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| AbstractList | Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity.There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional levels. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events.Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post-disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait-based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975-1976 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan.We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/sub-massive corals and increasing site-based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait-based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5 m) and deep (>8 m) coral genera shifting towards the mid-depths (5-8 m).We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value.Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity.There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional levels. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events.Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post-disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait-based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975-1976 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan.We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/sub-massive corals and increasing site-based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait-based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5 m) and deep (>8 m) coral genera shifting towards the mid-depths (5-8 m).We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value. Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity. There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional levels. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events. Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post‐disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait‐based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975–1976 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan. We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/sub‐massive corals and increasing site‐based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait‐based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5 m) and deep (>8 m) coral genera shifting towards the mid‐depths (5–8 m). We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value. Our study compared coral and fish communities between 1975 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan. Over 43 years of urbanization and thermal stress, coral and fish assemblages changed significantly, but functional trait space was conserved, with both taxa experiencing even turnovers across space. We observed a shift in dominant coral morphology from branching to massive, and a “depth compression” of corals, with the average depths of deep and shallow coral genera compressing towards the mid‐depths. Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity. There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional levels. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events. Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post‐disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait‐based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975–1976 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan. We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/sub‐massive corals and increasing site‐based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait‐based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5 m) and deep (>8 m) coral genera shifting towards the mid‐depths (5–8 m). We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value. Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity.There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional levels. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events.Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post-disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait-based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975-1976 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan.We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/sub-massive corals and increasing site-based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait-based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5 m) and deep (>8 m) coral genera shifting towards the mid-depths (5-8 m).We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value. Urbanized coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution, and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity.There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional levels. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events.Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post‐disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait‐based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975–1976 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan.We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/sub‐massive corals and increasing site‐based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait‐based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5 m) and deep (>8 m) coral genera shifting towards the mid‐depths (5–8 m).We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value. |
| Author | Cook, Katie M. Beger, Maria Ross, Stuart Masucci, Giovanni Diego Lee, Hui Yian Theodora Stuart‐Smith, Rick D. Reimer, James Davis Yamagiwa, Hirotaka |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia 6 Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan 2 Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory Graduate School of Engineering and Science University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan 4 Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore 1 School of Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK 5 Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Taroona Tasmania Australia |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Molecular Invertebrate Systematics and Ecology Laboratory Graduate School of Engineering and Science University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan – name: 6 Tropical Biosphere Research Center University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan – name: 3 Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia – name: 5 Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Taroona Tasmania Australia – name: 1 School of Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK – name: 4 Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Katie M. orcidid: 0000-0002-2401-3522 surname: Cook fullname: Cook, Katie M. email: bskmc@leeds.ac.uk organization: University of Leeds – sequence: 2 givenname: Hirotaka surname: Yamagiwa fullname: Yamagiwa, Hirotaka organization: University of the Ryukyus – sequence: 3 givenname: Maria orcidid: 0000-0003-1363-3571 surname: Beger fullname: Beger, Maria organization: The University of Queensland – sequence: 4 givenname: Giovanni Diego orcidid: 0000-0002-8942-1711 surname: Masucci fullname: Masucci, Giovanni Diego organization: University of the Ryukyus – sequence: 5 givenname: Stuart surname: Ross fullname: Ross, Stuart organization: University of Leeds – sequence: 6 givenname: Hui Yian Theodora surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Hui Yian Theodora organization: National University of Singapore – sequence: 7 givenname: Rick D. orcidid: 0000-0002-8874-0083 surname: Stuart‐Smith fullname: Stuart‐Smith, Rick D. organization: University of Tasmania – sequence: 8 givenname: James Davis orcidid: 0000-0003-0453-8804 surname: Reimer fullname: Reimer, James Davis organization: University of the Ryukyus |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35356574$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dsr2_2023_105270 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rsma_2024_103405 crossref_primary_10_1111_gcb_17506 crossref_primary_10_1071_MF22253 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecolind_2024_112143 crossref_primary_10_3897_BDJ_10_e89685 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2024_117459 crossref_primary_10_1111_jbi_14768 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12526_024_01480_2 |
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| SubjectTerms | Anthropogenic factors Biodiversity Ecology Bleaching Climate change Coastal development coastal reefs Community Ecology community turnover Compression Coral reefs Corals Ecological function Ecosystem Ecology Ecosystems Functional Ecology functional traits Habitats Mortality Okinawa Population Predation Reef fish Species Temperature effects temporal change Thermal stress Urban areas Urban Ecology Urbanization |
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| Title | A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress |
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