Predictions of global and regional sea-level rise using AOGCMs with and without flux adjustment
Future global and regional sea‐level changes have been calculated using two versions (HadCM2 and HadCM3) of the Hadley Centre coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model forced by the IS92a scenario for emissions of greenhouse gases. HadCM3 is a newly developed model which does not require fl...
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Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 27; no. 19; pp. 3069 - 3072 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Washington, DC
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.10.2000
American Geophysical Union |
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Abstract | Future global and regional sea‐level changes have been calculated using two versions (HadCM2 and HadCM3) of the Hadley Centre coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model forced by the IS92a scenario for emissions of greenhouse gases. HadCM3 is a newly developed model which does not require flux adjustment to maintain a stable climatology. Global‐average sea‐level rise from 1990 to 2100 is predicted to be 0.48 m in HadCM2 and 0.44 m in HadCMS, 60% resulting from thermal expansion of sea‐water and the rest from loss of mass of glaciers and small ice‐caps. Sea‐level rise is smaller in HadCM3 principally because the radiative forcing is slightly less, giving reduced ocean heat uptake and thermal expansion. However, the heat penetrates less deeply in HadCMS; consequently the surface warming is nearly the same. There is marked geographical variation of sea‐level change, which is generally similar in the two models; local values range between zero and twice the global average. |
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AbstractList | Future global and regional sea‐level changes have been calculated using two versions (HadCM2 and HadCM3) of the Hadley Centre coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model forced by the IS92a scenario for emissions of greenhouse gases. HadCM3 is a newly developed model which does not require flux adjustment to maintain a stable climatology. Global‐average sea‐level rise from 1990 to 2100 is predicted to be 0.48 m in HadCM2 and 0.44 m in HadCMS, 60% resulting from thermal expansion of sea‐water and the rest from loss of mass of glaciers and small ice‐caps. Sea‐level rise is smaller in HadCM3 principally because the radiative forcing is slightly less, giving reduced ocean heat uptake and thermal expansion. However, the heat penetrates less deeply in HadCMS; consequently the surface warming is nearly the same. There is marked geographical variation of sea‐level change, which is generally similar in the two models; local values range between zero and twice the global average. Future global and regional sea-level changes have been calculated using two versions (HadCM2 and HadCM3) of the Hadley Centre coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model forced by the IS92a scenario for emissions of greenhouse gases. HadCM3 is a newly developed model which does not require flux adjustment to maintain a stable climatology. Global-average sea-level rise from 1990 to 2100 is predicted to be 0.48 m in HadCM2 and 0.44 m in HadCM3, 60% resulting from thermal expansion of sea-water and the rest from loss of mass of glaciers and small ice-caps. Sea-level rise is smaller in HadCM3 principally because the radiative forcing is slightly less, giving reduced ocean heat uptake and thermal expansion. However, the heat penetrates less deeply in HadCM3; consequently the surface warming is nearly the same. There is marked geographical variation of sea-level change, which is generally similar in the two models; local values range between zero and twice the global average. |
Author | Lowe, J. A. Gregory, J. M. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: J. M. surname: Gregory fullname: Gregory, J. M. organization: Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, The Met. Office, Bracknell, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: J. A. surname: Lowe fullname: Lowe, J. A. organization: Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, The Met. Office, Bracknell, UK |
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Keywords | Thermal expansion Flux adjustment Glacier General circulation models Ice cap Numerical simulation Forcing Sea level Greenhouse gases Forecasting Ocean atmosphere interaction |
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References_xml | – volume: 24 start-page: 1943 year: 1997 end-page: 1946 article-title: The climate response to CO2 of the Hadley Centre coupled AOGCM with and without flux adjustment publication-title: Geophys Res Lett – volume: 16 start-page: 147 year: 2000 end-page: 168 article-title: The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transport in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments publication-title: Climate Dynamics – volume: 20 start-page: 150 year: 1990 end-page: 155 article-title: Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models publication-title: J. Phys. Oceanogr. – volume: 13 start-page: 103 year: 1997 end-page: 134 article-title: The second Hadley Centre coupled ocean‐atmosphere GCM: Model description, spinup and validation publication-title: Climate Dynamics – volume: 376 start-page: 501 year: 1995 end-page: 504 article-title: Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols publication-title: Nature – volume: chapter 7 start-page: 359 year: 1996 end-page: 406 – volume: 391 start-page: 474 year: 1998 end-page: 476 article-title: Simulated future sea‐level rise due to glacier melt based on regionally and seasonally resolved temperature changes publication-title: Nature – volume: 12 start-page: 2169 year: 1999 end-page: 2188 article-title: The dynamic response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to multiple‐century climatic warming publication-title: J Climate – volume: 12 start-page: 545 year: 1996 end-page: 555 article-title: The steric component of sea level rise associated with enhanced greenhouse warming: a model study publication-title: Climate Dynamics – volume: 16 start-page: 501 year: 2000 end-page: 515 article-title: Vertical heat transports in the ocean and their effect on time‐dependent climate change publication-title: Climate Dynamics – volume: 6 start-page: 2247 year: 1993 end-page: 2262 article-title: Sea level changes under increasing atmospheric CO2 in a transient coupled ocean‐atmosphere GCM experiment publication-title: J. Climate – volume: 13 start-page: 1384 year: 2000 end-page: 1405 article-title: Thermal expansion in ocean and coupled general circulation models publication-title: J Climate – year: 1998 – ident: e_1_2_1_14_1 – ident: e_1_2_1_10_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1384:TEIOAC>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_1_5_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<2247:SLCUIA>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_1_7_1 doi: 10.1029/97GL01930 – ident: e_1_2_1_12_1 doi: 10.1038/376501a0 – ident: e_1_2_1_9_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2169:TDROTG>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_1_6_1 doi: 10.1007/s003820000059 – ident: e_1_2_1_8_1 doi: 10.1038/35119 – ident: e_1_2_1_2_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00207938 – ident: e_1_2_1_11_1 doi: 10.1007/s003820050155 – ident: e_1_2_1_4_1 doi: 10.1007/s003820050010 – volume-title: Transient response to increasing greenhouse gases using models with and without flux adjustment, HCTN 2 year: 1998 ident: e_1_2_1_13_1 contributor: fullname: Mitchell J. F. B. – ident: e_1_2_1_3_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1990)020<0150:IMIOCM>2.0.CO;2 – start-page: 359 volume-title: Climate Change 1995. The Science of Climate Change year: 1996 ident: e_1_2_1_15_1 contributor: fullname: Warrick R. A. |
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Snippet | Future global and regional sea‐level changes have been calculated using two versions (HadCM2 and HadCM3) of the Hadley Centre coupled atmosphere‐ocean general... Future global and regional sea-level changes have been calculated using two versions (HadCM2 and HadCM3) of the Hadley Centre coupled atmosphere-ocean general... |
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Title | Predictions of global and regional sea-level rise using AOGCMs with and without flux adjustment |
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