Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands

Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may a...

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Published inGlobal change biology Vol. 26; no. 4; pp. 2060 - 2071
Main Authors Sitters, Judith, Wubs, E. R. Jasper, Bakker, Elisabeth S., Crowther, Thomas W., Adler, Peter B., Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Jonathan D., Biederman, Lori, Borer, Elizabeth T., Cleland, Elsa E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Firn, Jennifer, Gherardi, Laureano, Hagenah, Nicole, Hautier, Yann, Hobbie, Sarah E., Knops, Johannes M. H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Mortensen, Brent, Peri, Pablo L., Prober, Suzanne M., Riggs, Charlotte, Risch, Anita C., Schütz, Martin, Seabloom, Eric W., Siebert, Julia, Stevens, Carly J., Veen, G. F. (Ciska)
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.04.2020
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects
Atmospheric models
Availability
Biological activity
Biological fertilization
Carbon
carbon sequestration
Climate change
Climate models
exclosure
Fertilization
Fluxes
global change
Grasslands
grazing
Herbivores
Herbivory
Human influences
Mammals
Microbial activity
Micronutrients
Microorganisms
Nitrogen
Nutrient availability
Nutrient concentrations
Nutrient cycles
nutrient dynamics
Nutrient enrichment
Nutrient Network (NutNet)
Nutrients
Organic matter
Plant biomass
Pools
Populations
Primary
Primary s
Scale models
Soil
soil microorganisms
Soil nutrients
Soil temperature
Soils
Storage
Temperature
nutrient dynamics
fertilization
grazing
global change
carbon sequestration
herbivory
soil microorganisms
exclosure
Nutrient Network (NutNet)
nutrient enrichment
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature – herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local‐scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global‐scale models to better predict land–atmosphere interactions under future climate change. In this study, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under unfertilized and fertilized conditions. We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization; the highest soil C and N pools were found in grazed (+H) and fertilized plots (+F). Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide and incorporating local‐scale herbivory within global‐scale models to better predict land–atmosphere interactions under future climate change.
AbstractList Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature – herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local‐scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global‐scale models to better predict land–atmosphere interactions under future climate change.
Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature – herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local‐scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global‐scale models to better predict land–atmosphere interactions under future climate change.
Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature – herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local‐scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global‐scale models to better predict land–atmosphere interactions under future climate change. In this study, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under unfertilized and fertilized conditions. We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization; the highest soil C and N pools were found in grazed (+H) and fertilized plots (+F). Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide and incorporating local‐scale herbivory within global‐scale models to better predict land–atmosphere interactions under future climate change.
Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large mammalian herbivores and elevated supply of nutrients. Grassland soils remain important reservoirs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Herbivores may affect both C and N pools and these changes likely interact with increases in soil nutrient availability. Given the scale of grassland soil fluxes, such changes can have striking consequences for atmospheric C concentrations and the climate. Here, we use the Nutrient Network experiment to examine the responses of soil C and N pools to mammalian herbivore exclusion across 22 grasslands, under ambient and elevated nutrient availabilities (fertilized with NPK + micronutrients). We show that the impact of herbivore exclusion on soil C and N pools depends on fertilization. Under ambient nutrient conditions, we observed no effect of herbivore exclusion, but under elevated nutrient supply, pools are smaller upon herbivore exclusion. The highest mean soil C and N pools were found in grazed and fertilized plots. The decrease in soil C and N upon herbivore exclusion in combination with fertilization correlated with a decrease in aboveground plant biomass and microbial activity, indicating a reduced storage of organic matter and microbial residues as soil C and N. The response of soil C and N pools to herbivore exclusion was contingent on temperature - herbivores likely cause losses of C and N in colder sites and increases in warmer sites. Additionally, grasslands that contain mammalian herbivores have the potential to sequester more N under increased temperature variability and nutrient enrichment than ungrazed grasslands. Our study highlights the importance of conserving mammalian herbivore populations in grasslands worldwide. We need to incorporate local-scale herbivory, and its interaction with nutrient enrichment and climate, within global-scale models to better predict land-atmosphere interactions under future climate change.
Author McCulley, Rebecca L.
Crowther, Thomas W.
Bakker, Elisabeth S.
Gherardi, Laureano
MacDougall, Andrew S.
Stevens, Carly J.
Hagenah, Nicole
Risch, Anita C.
Sitters, Judith
Wubs, E. R. Jasper
Veen, G. F. (Ciska)
Knops, Johannes M. H.
Mortensen, Brent
Hautier, Yann
Moore, Joslin L.
Prober, Suzanne M.
Hobbie, Sarah E.
Peri, Pablo L.
Bagchi, Sumanta
Adler, Peter B.
Firn, Jennifer
Bakker, Jonathan D.
Siebert, Julia
Borer, Elizabeth T.
Seabloom, Eric W.
Cleland, Elsa E.
Schütz, Martin
Biederman, Lori
Eisenhauer, Nico
Riggs, Charlotte
AuthorAffiliation 15 School of Life Sciences and Global Drylands Center Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
27 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research Birmensdorf Switzerland
2 Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
4 Sustainable Agroecosystems Group Institute of Agricultural Sciences Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
25 CSIRO Land and Water Wembley WA Australia
3 Ecology and Biodiversity Department Biology Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
21 School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
12 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
20 Department of Plant & Soil Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
18 Department of Health & Environmental Science Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University Suzhou China
19 Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
22 Department of Bi
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– name: 4 Sustainable Agroecosystems Group Institute of Agricultural Sciences Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
– name: 23 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Rio Gallegos Argentina
– name: 2 Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
– name: 10 Department of Eology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
– name: 12 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
– name: 8 School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USA
– name: 26 Department of Soil, Water, and Climate University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
– name: 27 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research Birmensdorf Switzerland
– name: 28 Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
– name: 13 Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
– name: 5 Institute of Integrative Biology Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland
– name: 21 School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
– name: 11 Ecology, Behavior & Evolution Section University of California, San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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– name: 24 Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)‐CONICET Rio Gallegos Argentina
– name: 16 Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
– name: 9 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University Ames IA USA
– name: 7 Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
– name: 15 School of Life Sciences and Global Drylands Center Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
– name: 1 Department of Aquatic Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
– name: 22 Department of Biology Benedictine College Atchison KS USA
– name: 18 Department of Health & Environmental Science Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University Suzhou China
– name: 20 Department of Plant & Soil Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
– name: 6 Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center Utah State University Logan UT USA
– name: 14 Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Qld Australia
– name: 19 Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
– name: 17 Ecology and Biodiversity Group Department of Biology Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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  givenname: Brent
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– sequence: 22
  givenname: Pablo L.
  surname: Peri
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  organization: Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA)‐CONICET
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  organization: University of Minnesota
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  surname: Schütz
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  organization: Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
– sequence: 27
  givenname: Eric W.
  surname: Seabloom
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  organization: University of Minnesota
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  givenname: Carly J.
  surname: Stevens
  fullname: Stevens, Carly J.
  organization: Lancaster University
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  givenname: G. F. (Ciska)
  surname: Veen
  fullname: Veen, G. F. (Ciska)
  organization: Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012421$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 4
Keywords nutrient dynamics
fertilization
grazing
global change
carbon sequestration
herbivory
soil microorganisms
exclosure
Nutrient Network (NutNet)
nutrient enrichment
Language English
License Attribution
2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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content type line 14
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Judith Sitters and E. R. Jasper Wubs should be considered joint first author.
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Snippet Grasslands are subject to considerable alteration due to human activities globally, including widespread changes in populations and composition of large...
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StartPage 2060
SubjectTerms Atmospheric models
Availability
Biological activity
Biological fertilization
Carbon
carbon sequestration
Climate change
Climate models
exclosure
Fertilization
Fluxes
global change
Grasslands
grazing
Herbivores
Herbivory
Human influences
Mammals
Microbial activity
Micronutrients
Microorganisms
Nitrogen
Nutrient availability
Nutrient concentrations
Nutrient cycles
nutrient dynamics
Nutrient enrichment
Nutrient Network (NutNet)
Nutrients
Organic matter
Plant biomass
Pools
Populations
Primary
Primary s
Scale models
Soil
soil microorganisms
Soil nutrients
Soil temperature
Soils
Storage
Temperature
Title Nutrient availability controls the impact of mammalian herbivores on soil carbon and nitrogen pools in grasslands
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fgcb.15023
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32012421
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2377253977
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2350910245
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7155038
Volume 26
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