Modeling apoptosis resistance in CHO cells with CRISPR‐mediated knockouts of Bak1, Bax, and Bok

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals. To increase yields, many CHO cell lines have been genetically engineered to resist cell death. However, the kinetics that governs cell fate in bioreactors are confounded by many variables associated...

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Published inBiotechnology and bioengineering Vol. 119; no. 6; pp. 1380 - 1391
Main Authors MacDonald, Michael A., Barry, Craig, Groves, Teddy, Martínez, Verónica S., Gray, Peter P., Baker, Kym, Shave, Evan, Mahler, Stephen, Munro, Trent, Marcellin, Esteban, Nielsen, Lars K.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.06.2022
John Wiley and Sons Inc
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Abstract Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals. To increase yields, many CHO cell lines have been genetically engineered to resist cell death. However, the kinetics that governs cell fate in bioreactors are confounded by many variables associated with batch processes. Here, we used CRISPR‐Cas9 to create combinatorial knockouts of the three known BCL‐2 family effector proteins: Bak1, Bax, and Bok. To assess the response to apoptotic stimuli, cell lines were cultured in the presence of four cytotoxic compounds with different mechanisms of action. A population‐based model was developed to describe the behavior of the resulting viable cell dynamics as a function of genotype and treatment. Our results validated the synergistic antiapoptotic nature of Bak1 and Bax, while the deletion of Bok had no significant impact. Importantly, the uniform application of apoptotic stresses permitted direct observation and quantification of a delay in the onset of cell death through Bayesian inference of meaningful model parameters. In addition to the classical death rate, a delay function was found to be essential in the accurate modeling of the cell death response. These findings represent an important bridge between cell line engineering strategies and biological modeling in a bioprocess context. Mathematical modeling of the cellular stress resistance to characterize delayed death in BCL‐2 family protein knockout genotypes. Combinatorial Chinese hamster ovary cell variants of Δbak1, Δbax, and Δbok were generated and challenged with strong cytotoxic treatments. A population balance model was developed and fitted to time course cell density data using Bayesian inference. Model parameters elegantly capture phenotype survivability using an average time‐to‐death, allowing unambiguous comparison of genotype performance.
AbstractList Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals. To increase yields, many CHO cell lines have been genetically engineered to resist cell death. However, the kinetics that governs cell fate in bioreactors are confounded by many variables associated with batch processes. Here, we used CRISPR‐Cas9 to create combinatorial knockouts of the three known BCL‐2 family effector proteins: Bak1, Bax, and Bok. To assess the response to apoptotic stimuli, cell lines were cultured in the presence of four cytotoxic compounds with different mechanisms of action. A population‐based model was developed to describe the behavior of the resulting viable cell dynamics as a function of genotype and treatment. Our results validated the synergistic antiapoptotic nature of Bak1 and Bax, while the deletion of Bok had no significant impact. Importantly, the uniform application of apoptotic stresses permitted direct observation and quantification of a delay in the onset of cell death through Bayesian inference of meaningful model parameters. In addition to the classical death rate, a delay function was found to be essential in the accurate modeling of the cell death response. These findings represent an important bridge between cell line engineering strategies and biological modeling in a bioprocess context.
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals. To increase yields, many CHO cell lines have been genetically engineered to resist cell death. However, the kinetics that governs cell fate in bioreactors are confounded by many variables associated with batch processes. Here, we used CRISPR‐Cas9 to create combinatorial knockouts of the three known BCL‐2 family effector proteins: Bak1, Bax, and Bok. To assess the response to apoptotic stimuli, cell lines were cultured in the presence of four cytotoxic compounds with different mechanisms of action. A population‐based model was developed to describe the behavior of the resulting viable cell dynamics as a function of genotype and treatment. Our results validated the synergistic antiapoptotic nature of Bak1 and Bax, while the deletion of Bok had no significant impact. Importantly, the uniform application of apoptotic stresses permitted direct observation and quantification of a delay in the onset of cell death through Bayesian inference of meaningful model parameters. In addition to the classical death rate, a delay function was found to be essential in the accurate modeling of the cell death response. These findings represent an important bridge between cell line engineering strategies and biological modeling in a bioprocess context. Mathematical modeling of the cellular stress resistance to characterize delayed death in BCL‐2 family protein knockout genotypes. Combinatorial Chinese hamster ovary cell variants of Δbak1, Δbax, and Δbok were generated and challenged with strong cytotoxic treatments. A population balance model was developed and fitted to time course cell density data using Bayesian inference. Model parameters elegantly capture phenotype survivability using an average time‐to‐death, allowing unambiguous comparison of genotype performance.
Author Barry, Craig
Gray, Peter P.
MacDonald, Michael A.
Baker, Kym
Munro, Trent
Martínez, Verónica S.
Mahler, Stephen
Groves, Teddy
Shave, Evan
Nielsen, Lars K.
Marcellin, Esteban
AuthorAffiliation 3 Patheon by Thermo Fisher Scientific Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
4 Metabolomics Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
2 The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
1 ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia Australia
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
– name: 3 Patheon by Thermo Fisher Scientific Woolloongabba Queensland Australia
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– name: 4 Metabolomics Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Issue 6
Keywords CRISPR
apoptosis
population model
bioprocessing
Bayesian inference
CHO cells
Language English
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2022 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
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Snippet Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the primary platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals. To increase yields, many CHO cell lines have been...
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SubjectTerms Apoptosis
Batch processes
Batch processing
Bax protein
Bayesian analysis
Bayesian inference
bioprocessing
Bioreactors
Cell death
Cell fate
Cell lines
CHO cells
Combinatorial analysis
CRISPR
Cytotoxicity
Genetic engineering
Genotypes
Modelling
Mortality
population model
Statistical inference
Title Modeling apoptosis resistance in CHO cells with CRISPR‐mediated knockouts of Bak1, Bax, and Bok
URI https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002%2Fbit.28062
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35180317
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2663489347
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2630922358
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9310834
Volume 119
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