MicroRNA regulation of central glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signalling in depression

• Published in: Translational psychiatry Vol. 5; no. 2; p. e511
• Main Authors: Maheu, M, Lopez, J P, Crapper, L, Davoli, M A, Turecki, G, Mechawar, N
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 17.02.2015; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 13/1; 13/109; 14/63; 38/77; 631/378/2584/1695; 631/378/340; 692/699/476/1414; 82/29; Adult; Amygdala - metabolism; Behavioral Sciences; Biological Psychology; Case-Control Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major - genetics; Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism; Down-Regulation; Female; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - genetics; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - metabolism; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - genetics; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors - metabolism; Humans; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System - genetics; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; MicroRNAs - genetics; MicroRNAs - metabolism; Microtubule-Associated Proteins - genetics; Microtubule-Associated Proteins - metabolism; Middle Aged; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; Neuropeptides - genetics; Neuropeptides - metabolism; Neurosciences; Original; original-article; Pharmacotherapy; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret - genetics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret - metabolism; Psychiatry; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Signal Transduction - genetics; Young Adult
• ISSN: 2158-3188; 2158-3188
• DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.11

Although multiple studies have reported that peripheral glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is reduced in depression, cerebral GDNF signalling has yet to be examined in this condition. Here, we report an isoform-specific decrease in GDNF family receptor alpha 1 (GFRA1) mRNA expression, resulting in lowered GFRα1a protein levels in basolateral amygdala (BLA) samples from depressed subjects. Downregulation of GFRα1a was associated with increased expression of microRNAs, including miR-511, predicted to bind to long 3’ untranslated region (3’-UTR)-containing transcripts (GFRA1-L) coding for GFRα1a. Transfection of human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) with a miR-511 mimic was sufficient to repress GFRA1-L/GFRα1a without altering GFRα1b, and resulted in pathway-specific changes in immediate early gene activity. Unexpectedly, GFRα1a knockdown did not reduce NPC responses to GDNF. Rather, it greatly enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling. This effect appeared to be mediated by GDNF/soluble GFRα1/neural cell adhesion molecule binding, and substituting the soluble GFRα1a/GFRα1b content of miR-511-transfected NPCs with that of controls rescued signalling. In light of previous reports suggesting that GFRα1b can inhibit GFRα1a-induced neuroplasticity, we also assessed the association between GFRα1 and doublecortin (DCX; a hyperplastic marker) in human BLA. Although controls displayed coordinated expression of GFRα1a and b isoforms and these correlated positively with DCX, the only significant association observed among depressed subjects was a strongly negative correlation between GFRα1b and DCX. Taken together, these results suggest that microRNA-mediated reductions of GFRα1a in depression change the quality, rather than the quantity, of GDNF signalling. They also suggest that central GDNF signalling may represent a novel target for antidepressant treatment.