Acoustic-Lexical Characteristics of Child-Directed Speech Between 7 and 24 Months and Their Impact on Toddlers' Phonological Processing

Speech-language input from adult caregivers is a strong predictor of children's developmental outcomes. But the properties of this child-directed speech are not static over the first months or years of a child's life. This study assesses a large cohort of children and caregivers ( n = 84)...

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Published inFrontiers in psychology Vol. 12; p. 712647
Main Authors Cychosz, Margaret, Edwards, Jan R., Bernstein Ratner, Nan, Torrington Eaton, Catherine, Newman, Rochelle S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 24.09.2021
Subjects
acoustics
child-directed speech
lexicon
phonological development
phonological neighborhood density
Psychology
speech clarity
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Abstract Speech-language input from adult caregivers is a strong predictor of children's developmental outcomes. But the properties of this child-directed speech are not static over the first months or years of a child's life. This study assesses a large cohort of children and caregivers ( n = 84) at 7, 10, 18, and 24 months to document (1) how a battery of phonetic, phonological, and lexical characteristics of child-directed speech changes in the first 2 years of life and (2) how input at these different stages predicts toddlers' phonological processing and vocabulary size at 2 years. Results show that most measures of child-directed speech do change as children age, and certain characteristics, like hyperarticulation, actually peak at 24 months. For language outcomes, children's phonological processing benefited from exposure to longer (in phonemes) words, more diverse word types, and enhanced coarticulation in their input. It is proposed that longer words in the input may stimulate children's phonological working memory development, while heightened coarticulation simultaneously introduces important sublexical cues and exposes them to challenging, naturalistic speech, leading to overall stronger phonological processing outcomes.
AbstractList Speech-language input from adult caregivers is a strong predictor of children's developmental outcomes. But the properties of this child-directed speech are not static over the first months or years of a child's life. This study assesses a large cohort of children and caregivers ( n = 84) at 7, 10, 18, and 24 months to document (1) how a battery of phonetic, phonological, and lexical characteristics of child-directed speech changes in the first 2 years of life and (2) how input at these different stages predicts toddlers' phonological processing and vocabulary size at 2 years. Results show that most measures of child-directed speech do change as children age, and certain characteristics, like hyperarticulation, actually peak at 24 months. For language outcomes, children's phonological processing benefited from exposure to longer (in phonemes) words, more diverse word types, and enhanced coarticulation in their input. It is proposed that longer words in the input may stimulate children's phonological working memory development, while heightened coarticulation simultaneously introduces important sublexical cues and exposes them to challenging, naturalistic speech, leading to overall stronger phonological processing outcomes.
Speech-language input from adult caregivers is a strong predictor of children's developmental outcomes. But the properties of this child-directed speech are not static over the first months or years of a child's life. This study assesses a large cohort of children and caregivers ( n = 84) at 7, 10, 18, and 24 months to document (1) how a battery of phonetic, phonological, and lexical characteristics of child-directed speech changes in the first 2 years of life and (2) how input at these different stages predicts toddlers' phonological processing and vocabulary size at 2 years. Results show that most measures of child-directed speech do change as children age, and certain characteristics, like hyperarticulation, actually peak at 24 months. For language outcomes, children's phonological processing benefited from exposure to longer (in phonemes) words, more diverse word types, and enhanced coarticulation in their input. It is proposed that longer words in the input may stimulate children's phonological working memory development, while heightened coarticulation simultaneously introduces important sublexical cues and exposes them to challenging, naturalistic speech, leading to overall stronger phonological processing outcomes.
Author Bernstein Ratner, Nan
Cychosz, Margaret
Torrington Eaton, Catherine
Newman, Rochelle S.
Edwards, Jan R.
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX , United States
2 Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing , College Park, MD , United States
1 Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland , College Park, MD , United States
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland , College Park, MD , United States
– name: 2 Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing , College Park, MD , United States
– name: 3 Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX , United States
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  givenname: Jan R.
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  givenname: Rochelle S.
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Reviewed by: Tonya Bergeson, Butler University, United States; Chiara Cantiani, Eugenio Medea (IRCCS), Italy
Edited by: Chiara Suttora, University of Bologna, Italy
This article was submitted to Developmental Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology
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Snippet Speech-language input from adult caregivers is a strong predictor of children's developmental outcomes. But the properties of this child-directed speech are...
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SubjectTerms acoustics
child-directed speech
lexicon
phonological development
phonological neighborhood density
Psychology
speech clarity
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Title Acoustic-Lexical Characteristics of Child-Directed Speech Between 7 and 24 Months and Their Impact on Toddlers' Phonological Processing
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