Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review
After long-term use of levodopa, Parkinson's patients almost inevitably develop dyskinesia, a kind of drug side effect manifesting as uncontrollable choreic movements and dystonia, which could be crippling yet have limited therapeutic options. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the most widel...
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Published in | Frontiers in neurology Vol. 12; p. 758345 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
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Language | English |
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08.11.2021
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Abstract | After long-term use of levodopa, Parkinson's patients almost inevitably develop dyskinesia, a kind of drug side effect manifesting as uncontrollable choreic movements and dystonia, which could be crippling yet have limited therapeutic options. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the most widely studied non-invasive neuromodulation technology to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Many studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation has beneficial effects on levodopa-induced dyskinesia and is patient-tolerable, barely with reported adverse effects. Changes in brain connectivity, neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter, neurorestoration, and blood flow modulation could play crucial roles in the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesia. The appearance of new modes and application for emerging targets are possible solutions for transcranial magnetic stimulation to achieve sustained efficacy. Since the sample size in all available studies is small, more randomized double-blind controlled studies are needed to elucidate the specific treatment mechanisms and optimize treatment parameters. |
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AbstractList | After long-term use of levodopa, Parkinson's patients almost inevitably develop dyskinesia, a kind of drug side effect manifesting as uncontrollable choreic movements and dystonia, which could be crippling yet have limited therapeutic options. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the most widely studied non-invasive neuromodulation technology to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Many studies have shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation has beneficial effects on levodopa-induced dyskinesia and is patient-tolerable, barely with reported adverse effects. Changes in brain connectivity, neuroplasticity, neurotransmitter, neurorestoration, and blood flow modulation could play crucial roles in the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa-induced dyskinesia. The appearance of new modes and application for emerging targets are possible solutions for transcranial magnetic stimulation to achieve sustained efficacy. Since the sample size in all available studies is small, more randomized double-blind controlled studies are needed to elucidate the specific treatment mechanisms and optimize treatment parameters. |
Author | Xu, Yan Zeng, Wei-qi Yang, Xiao-man Wu, Yi Cao, Xue-bing Zhai, Heng Wang, Jia-ling Yang, Xiao-mei Zhang, Xiao-qian Cheng, Chi |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yi surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Yi – sequence: 2 givenname: Xue-bing surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Xue-bing – sequence: 3 givenname: Wei-qi surname: Zeng fullname: Zeng, Wei-qi – sequence: 4 givenname: Heng surname: Zhai fullname: Zhai, Heng – sequence: 5 givenname: Xiao-qian surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiao-qian – sequence: 6 givenname: Xiao-man surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Xiao-man – sequence: 7 givenname: Chi surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Chi – sequence: 8 givenname: Jia-ling surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jia-ling – sequence: 9 givenname: Xiao-mei surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Xiao-mei – sequence: 10 givenname: Yan surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Yan |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brs_2022_05_012 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_eclinm_2022_101814 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm12175448 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pneurobio_2023_102548 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2023_1219590 |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 This article was submitted to Movement Disorders, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neurology Reviewed by: Francesco Di Lorenzo, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Italy; Kaviraja Udupa, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, India; Kai-Hsiang Stanley Chen, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan Edited by: Marina Picillo, University of Salerno, Italy These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship |
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Title | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Alleviates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease and the Related Mechanisms: A Mini-Review |
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