Evaluating Disease Threats to Sustainable Poultry Production in Africa: Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bursal Disease, and Avian Infectious Bronchitis in Commercial Poultry Flocks in Kano and Oyo States, Nigeria
The growth of the poultry industry in Nigeria is constrained by major poultry diseases, despite the implementation of vaccination programs. This study aimed to assess the level of protection against Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bursal disease (IBD), and avian infectious bronchitis (IB) afforde...
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Published in | Frontiers in veterinary science Vol. 8; p. 730159 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A
08.09.2021
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Abstract | The growth of the poultry industry in Nigeria is constrained by major poultry diseases, despite the implementation of vaccination programs. This study aimed to assess the level of protection against Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bursal disease (IBD), and avian infectious bronchitis (IB) afforded by current vaccination schedules and characterize the circulating virus strains in commercial poultry flocks in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 commercial poultry farms in Oyo and Kano states of Nigeria. Serum and tissue samples and data on flock, clinical and vaccination records were collected on each farm. Farms were classified as being protected or not protected against ND, IBD and IB based on a defined criterion. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing was performed for each target virus on tissue samples and positive samples were sequenced. A total of 15/44 (34.1%), 35/44 (79.5%), and 1/44 (2.3%) farms were considered to be protected against ND, IBD, and IB, respectively, at the time of sampling. NDV RNA was detected on 7/44 (15.9%) farms and sequences obtained from 3/7 farms were characterized as the lentogenic strain. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) RNA was detected on 16/44 (36.4%) farms tested; very virulent (vv) IBDV and non-virulent (nv) IBDV strains were both detected in 3/16 (18.8%) positive samples. Sequences of IBDV isolates were either clustered with a group of genotype 3 virulent IBDV strains or were related to vaccine strains MB and D78 strains. IBV RNA was detected on 36/44 (81.8%) farms, with variant02, Massachusetts, 4/91, and Q1 variants detected. Sequences of IBV isolates were either clustered with the vaccines strains Massachusetts M41 and H120 or were most closely related to the D274-like strains or a clade of sequences reported in Nigeria and Niger in 2006 and 2007. This study revealed that most study farms in Oyo and Kano states did not have adequate protective antibody titers against IBV and NDV and were therefore at risk of field challenge. Infectious bursal disease virus and IBV RNA were detected on farms with a history of vaccination suggesting potential vaccination failure, or that the vaccine strains used mismatch with the circulating strains and are therefore not protective. |
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AbstractList | The growth of the poultry industry in Nigeria is constrained by major poultry diseases, despite the implementation of vaccination programs. This study aimed to assess the level of protection against Newcastle disease (ND), infectious bursal disease (IBD), and avian infectious bronchitis (IB) afforded by current vaccination schedules and characterize the circulating virus strains in commercial poultry flocks in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 commercial poultry farms in Oyo and Kano states of Nigeria. Serum and tissue samples and data on flock, clinical and vaccination records were collected on each farm. Farms were classified as being protected or not protected against ND, IBD and IB based on a defined criterion. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing was performed for each target virus on tissue samples and positive samples were sequenced. A total of 15/44 (34.1%), 35/44 (79.5%), and 1/44 (2.3%) farms were considered to be protected against ND, IBD, and IB, respectively, at the time of sampling. NDV RNA was detected on 7/44 (15.9%) farms and sequences obtained from 3/7 farms were characterized as the lentogenic strain. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) RNA was detected on 16/44 (36.4%) farms tested; very virulent (vv) IBDV and non-virulent (nv) IBDV strains were both detected in 3/16 (18.8%) positive samples. Sequences of IBDV isolates were either clustered with a group of genotype 3 virulent IBDV strains or were related to vaccine strains MB and D78 strains. IBV RNA was detected on 36/44 (81.8%) farms, with variant02, Massachusetts, 4/91, and Q1 variants detected. Sequences of IBV isolates were either clustered with the vaccines strains Massachusetts M41 and H120 or were most closely related to the D274-like strains or a clade of sequences reported in Nigeria and Niger in 2006 and 2007. This study revealed that most study farms in Oyo and Kano states did not have adequate protective antibody titers against IBV and NDV and were therefore at risk of field challenge. Infectious bursal disease virus and IBV RNA were detected on farms with a history of vaccination suggesting potential vaccination failure, or that the vaccine strains used mismatch with the circulating strains and are therefore not protective. |
Author | Endacott, Isabella Galal, Hussein M. Bankole, Olorunsola N. Alafiatayo, Ruth Cook, Alasdair J. C. Adebowale, Kehinde Dineva, Mariana Wakawa, Aliyu Galipo, Erika Ekiri, Abel B. Ogwuche, Adah Varga, Gabriel Horton, Daniel L. Maikai, Beatty-Viv Mijten, Erik Armson, Bryony |
AuthorAffiliation | 5 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria 2 Zoetis-ALPHA Initiative , Zaventem , Belgium 3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza , Egypt 4 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria 1 Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey , Surrey , United Kingdom |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University , Giza , Egypt – name: 5 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria – name: 1 Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey , Surrey , United Kingdom – name: 2 Zoetis-ALPHA Initiative , Zaventem , Belgium – name: 4 Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Abel B. surname: Ekiri fullname: Ekiri, Abel B. – sequence: 2 givenname: Bryony surname: Armson fullname: Armson, Bryony – sequence: 3 givenname: Kehinde surname: Adebowale fullname: Adebowale, Kehinde – sequence: 4 givenname: Isabella surname: Endacott fullname: Endacott, Isabella – sequence: 5 givenname: Erika surname: Galipo fullname: Galipo, Erika – sequence: 6 givenname: Ruth surname: Alafiatayo fullname: Alafiatayo, Ruth – sequence: 7 givenname: Daniel L. surname: Horton fullname: Horton, Daniel L. – sequence: 8 givenname: Adah surname: Ogwuche fullname: Ogwuche, Adah – sequence: 9 givenname: Olorunsola N. surname: Bankole fullname: Bankole, Olorunsola N. – sequence: 10 givenname: Hussein M. surname: Galal fullname: Galal, Hussein M. – sequence: 11 givenname: Beatty-Viv surname: Maikai fullname: Maikai, Beatty-Viv – sequence: 12 givenname: Mariana surname: Dineva fullname: Dineva, Mariana – sequence: 13 givenname: Aliyu surname: Wakawa fullname: Wakawa, Aliyu – sequence: 14 givenname: Erik surname: Mijten fullname: Mijten, Erik – sequence: 15 givenname: Gabriel surname: Varga fullname: Varga, Gabriel – sequence: 16 givenname: Alasdair J. C. surname: Cook fullname: Cook, Alasdair J. C. |
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Copyright | Copyright © 2021 Ekiri, Armson, Adebowale, Endacott, Galipo, Alafiatayo, Horton, Ogwuche, Bankole, Galal, Maikai, Dineva, Wakawa, Mijten, Varga and Cook. 2021 Ekiri, Armson, Adebowale, Endacott, Galipo, Alafiatayo, Horton, Ogwuche, Bankole, Galal, Maikai, Dineva, Wakawa, Mijten, Varga and Cook |
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SubjectTerms | avian infectious bronchitis chicken infectious bursal disease Newcastle disease poultry Veterinary Science virus |
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Title | Evaluating Disease Threats to Sustainable Poultry Production in Africa: Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bursal Disease, and Avian Infectious Bronchitis in Commercial Poultry Flocks in Kano and Oyo States, Nigeria |
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