Inflammation and vitamin D: the infection connection

Introduction Inflammation is believed to be a contributing factor to many chronic diseases. The influence of vitamin D deficiency on inflammation is being explored but studies have not demonstrated a causative effect. Methods Low serum 25(OH)D is also found in healthy persons exposed to adequate sun...

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Published in	Inflammation research Vol. 63; no. 10; pp. 803 - 819
Main Authors	Mangin, Meg, Sinha, Rebecca, Fincher, Kelly
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Basel Springer Basel 01.10.2014
Subjects	Allergology Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - therapeutic use Animals Autoimmune Diseases - blood Autoimmune Diseases - etiology Autoimmune Diseases - immunology Bacterial Infections - blood Bacterial Infections - complications Bacterial Infections - drug therapy Bacterial Infections - immunology Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Dermatology Humans Imidazoles - therapeutic use Immunology Inflammation - blood Inflammation - drug therapy Inflammation - immunology Neurology Pharmacology/Toxicology Receptors, Calcitriol - immunology Review Rheumatology Tetrazoles - therapeutic use Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D - immunology Vitamin D - metabolism Vitamin D Deficiency - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - diagnosis Vitamin D Deficiency - drug therapy Vitamin D Deficiency - etiology Vitamin D Deficiency - immunology Infection Inflammation Vitamin D Immunotherapy
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Abstract	Introduction Inflammation is believed to be a contributing factor to many chronic diseases. The influence of vitamin D deficiency on inflammation is being explored but studies have not demonstrated a causative effect. Methods Low serum 25(OH)D is also found in healthy persons exposed to adequate sunlight. Despite increased vitamin D supplementation inflammatory diseases are increasing. The current method of determining vitamin D status may be at fault. The level of 25(OH)D does not always reflect the level of 1,25(OH)2D. Assessment of both metabolites often reveals elevated 1,25(OH)2D, indicating abnormal vitamin D endocrine function. Findings This article reviews vitamin D's influence on the immune system, examines the myths regarding vitamin D photosynthesis, discusses ways to accurately assess vitamin D status, describes the risks of supplementation, explains the effect of persistent infection on vitamin D metabolism and presents a novel immunotherapy which provides evidence of an infection connection to inflammation. Conclusion Some authorities now believe that low 25(OH)D is a consequence of chronic inflammation rather than the cause. Research points to a bacterial etiology pathogenesis for an inflammatory disease process which results in high 1,25(OH)2D and low 25(OH)D. Immunotherapy, directed at eradicating persistent intracellular pathogens, corrects dysregulated vitamin D metabolism and resolves inflammatory symptoms.
AbstractList	Inflammation is believed to be a contributing factor to many chronic diseases. The influence of vitamin D deficiency on inflammation is being explored but studies have not demonstrated a causative effect.INTRODUCTIONInflammation is believed to be a contributing factor to many chronic diseases. The influence of vitamin D deficiency on inflammation is being explored but studies have not demonstrated a causative effect.Low serum 25(OH)D is also found in healthy persons exposed to adequate sunlight. Despite increased vitamin D supplementation inflammatory diseases are increasing. The current method of determining vitamin D status may be at fault. The level of 25(OH)D does not always reflect the level of 1,25(OH)2D. Assessment of both metabolites often reveals elevated 1,25(OH)2D, indicating abnormal vitamin D endocrine function.METHODSLow serum 25(OH)D is also found in healthy persons exposed to adequate sunlight. Despite increased vitamin D supplementation inflammatory diseases are increasing. The current method of determining vitamin D status may be at fault. The level of 25(OH)D does not always reflect the level of 1,25(OH)2D. Assessment of both metabolites often reveals elevated 1,25(OH)2D, indicating abnormal vitamin D endocrine function.This article reviews vitamin D's influence on the immune system, examines the myths regarding vitamin D photosynthesis, discusses ways to accurately assess vitamin D status, describes the risks of supplementation, explains the effect of persistent infection on vitamin D metabolism and presents a novel immunotherapy which provides evidence of an infection connection to inflammation.FINDINGSThis article reviews vitamin D's influence on the immune system, examines the myths regarding vitamin D photosynthesis, discusses ways to accurately assess vitamin D status, describes the risks of supplementation, explains the effect of persistent infection on vitamin D metabolism and presents a novel immunotherapy which provides evidence of an infection connection to inflammation.Some authorities now believe that low 25(OH)D is a consequence of chronic inflammation rather than the cause. Research points to a bacterial etiology pathogenesis for an inflammatory disease process which results in high 1,25(OH)2D and low 25(OH)D. Immunotherapy, directed at eradicating persistent intracellular pathogens, corrects dysregulated vitamin D metabolism and resolves inflammatory symptoms.CONCLUSIONSome authorities now believe that low 25(OH)D is a consequence of chronic inflammation rather than the cause. Research points to a bacterial etiology pathogenesis for an inflammatory disease process which results in high 1,25(OH)2D and low 25(OH)D. Immunotherapy, directed at eradicating persistent intracellular pathogens, corrects dysregulated vitamin D metabolism and resolves inflammatory symptoms. Introduction Inflammation is believed to be a contributing factor to many chronic diseases. The influence of vitamin D deficiency on inflammation is being explored but studies have not demonstrated a causative effect. Methods Low serum 25(OH)D is also found in healthy persons exposed to adequate sunlight. Despite increased vitamin D supplementation inflammatory diseases are increasing. The current method of determining vitamin D status may be at fault. The level of 25(OH)D does not always reflect the level of 1,25(OH)2D. Assessment of both metabolites often reveals elevated 1,25(OH)2D, indicating abnormal vitamin D endocrine function. Findings This article reviews vitamin D's influence on the immune system, examines the myths regarding vitamin D photosynthesis, discusses ways to accurately assess vitamin D status, describes the risks of supplementation, explains the effect of persistent infection on vitamin D metabolism and presents a novel immunotherapy which provides evidence of an infection connection to inflammation. Conclusion Some authorities now believe that low 25(OH)D is a consequence of chronic inflammation rather than the cause. Research points to a bacterial etiology pathogenesis for an inflammatory disease process which results in high 1,25(OH)2D and low 25(OH)D. Immunotherapy, directed at eradicating persistent intracellular pathogens, corrects dysregulated vitamin D metabolism and resolves inflammatory symptoms. Inflammation is believed to be a contributing factor to many chronic diseases. The influence of vitamin D deficiency on inflammation is being explored but studies have not demonstrated a causative effect. Low serum 25(OH)D is also found in healthy persons exposed to adequate sunlight. Despite increased vitamin D supplementation inflammatory diseases are increasing. The current method of determining vitamin D status may be at fault. The level of 25(OH)D does not always reflect the level of 1,25(OH)2D. Assessment of both metabolites often reveals elevated 1,25(OH)2D, indicating abnormal vitamin D endocrine function. This article reviews vitamin D's influence on the immune system, examines the myths regarding vitamin D photosynthesis, discusses ways to accurately assess vitamin D status, describes the risks of supplementation, explains the effect of persistent infection on vitamin D metabolism and presents a novel immunotherapy which provides evidence of an infection connection to inflammation. Some authorities now believe that low 25(OH)D is a consequence of chronic inflammation rather than the cause. Research points to a bacterial etiology pathogenesis for an inflammatory disease process which results in high 1,25(OH)2D and low 25(OH)D. Immunotherapy, directed at eradicating persistent intracellular pathogens, corrects dysregulated vitamin D metabolism and resolves inflammatory symptoms.
Author	Mangin, Meg Fincher, Kelly Sinha, Rebecca
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Meg surname: Mangin fullname: Mangin, Meg email: info@chronicillnessrecovery.org organization: Chronic Illness Recovery – sequence: 2 givenname: Rebecca surname: Sinha fullname: Sinha, Rebecca organization: Chronic Illness Recovery – sequence: 3 givenname: Kelly surname: Fincher fullname: Fincher, Kelly organization: Chronic Illness Recovery
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25048990$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ISSN	1023-3830 1420-908X
IngestDate	Thu Aug 21 13:57:13 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 11 10:24:22 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:09:58 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:13:08 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 01:43:46 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:36:40 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
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Issue	10
Keywords	Infection Inflammation Vitamin D Immunotherapy
Language	English
License	Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 Responsible Editor: Mauro Teixeira.
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PMID	25048990
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PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2014-10-01
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PublicationPlace	Basel
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PublicationSubtitle	Official Journal of: The International Association of Inflammation Societies + The European Histamine Research Society
PublicationTitle	Inflammation research
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Inflamm. Res
PublicationTitleAlternate	Inflamm Res
PublicationYear	2014
Publisher	Springer Basel
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Snippet	Introduction Inflammation is believed to be a contributing factor to many chronic diseases. The influence of vitamin D deficiency on inflammation is being... Inflammation is believed to be a contributing factor to many chronic diseases. The influence of vitamin D deficiency on inflammation is being explored but...
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SubjectTerms	Allergology Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers - therapeutic use Animals Autoimmune Diseases - blood Autoimmune Diseases - etiology Autoimmune Diseases - immunology Bacterial Infections - blood Bacterial Infections - complications Bacterial Infections - drug therapy Bacterial Infections - immunology Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Dermatology Humans Imidazoles - therapeutic use Immunology Inflammation - blood Inflammation - drug therapy Inflammation - immunology Neurology Pharmacology/Toxicology Receptors, Calcitriol - immunology Review Rheumatology Tetrazoles - therapeutic use Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D - immunology Vitamin D - metabolism Vitamin D Deficiency - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - diagnosis Vitamin D Deficiency - drug therapy Vitamin D Deficiency - etiology Vitamin D Deficiency - immunology
Title	Inflammation and vitamin D: the infection connection
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00011-014-0755-z https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25048990 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1561967241 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4160567
Volume	63
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