Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease
Background The main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and impairment of gamma oscillations that play an important role in perception and cognitive function. The therapeutic effect of gamm...
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Published in | Frontiers in aging neuroscience Vol. 14; p. 980636 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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15.09.2022
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Abstract | Background
The main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and impairment of gamma oscillations that play an important role in perception and cognitive function. The therapeutic effect of gamma band stimulation in AD mouse models has been reported recently. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive intervention method, but at present, researchers have not completely understood the intervention effect of tACS. Thus, the intervention mechanism of tACS has not been fully elucidated, and the course of treatment in clinical selection also lacks theoretical support. Based on this issue, we investigated the effect of gamma frequency (40 Hz) tACS at different durations in a mouse model of AD.
Materials and methods
We placed stimulating electrodes on the skull surface of APP/PS1 and wild-type control mice (
n
= 30 and
n
= 5, respectively). Among them, 20 APP/PS1 mice were divided into 4 groups to receive 20 min 40 Hz tACS every day for 1–4 weeks. The other 10 APP/PS1 mice were equally divided into two groups to receive sham treatment and no treatment. No intervention was performed in the wild-type control mice. The short-term memory function of the mice was examined by the Y maze. Aβ levels and microglia in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescence. Spontaneous electroencephalogram gamma power was calculated by the average period method, and brain connectivity was examined by cross-frequency coupling.
Results
We found that the long-term treatment groups (21 and 28 days) had decreased hippocampal Aβ levels, increased electroencephalogram spontaneous gamma power, and ultimately improved short-term memory function. The treatment effect of the short-term treatment group (7 days) was not significant. Moreover, the treatment effect of the 14-day treatment group was weaker than that of the 21-day treatment group.
Conclusion
These results suggest that long-term gamma-frequency tACS is more effective in treating AD by reducing Aβ load and improving gamma oscillation than short-term gamma-frequency tACS. |
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AbstractList | BackgroundThe main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and impairment of gamma oscillations that play an important role in perception and cognitive function. The therapeutic effect of gamma band stimulation in AD mouse models has been reported recently. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive intervention method, but at present, researchers have not completely understood the intervention effect of tACS. Thus, the intervention mechanism of tACS has not been fully elucidated, and the course of treatment in clinical selection also lacks theoretical support. Based on this issue, we investigated the effect of gamma frequency (40 Hz) tACS at different durations in a mouse model of AD.Materials and methodsWe placed stimulating electrodes on the skull surface of APP/PS1 and wild-type control mice (n = 30 and n = 5, respectively). Among them, 20 APP/PS1 mice were divided into 4 groups to receive 20 min 40 Hz tACS every day for 1–4 weeks. The other 10 APP/PS1 mice were equally divided into two groups to receive sham treatment and no treatment. No intervention was performed in the wild-type control mice. The short-term memory function of the mice was examined by the Y maze. Aβ levels and microglia in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescence. Spontaneous electroencephalogram gamma power was calculated by the average period method, and brain connectivity was examined by cross-frequency coupling.ResultsWe found that the long-term treatment groups (21 and 28 days) had decreased hippocampal Aβ levels, increased electroencephalogram spontaneous gamma power, and ultimately improved short-term memory function. The treatment effect of the short-term treatment group (7 days) was not significant. Moreover, the treatment effect of the 14-day treatment group was weaker than that of the 21-day treatment group.ConclusionThese results suggest that long-term gamma-frequency tACS is more effective in treating AD by reducing Aβ load and improving gamma oscillation than short-term gamma-frequency tACS. Background The main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and impairment of gamma oscillations that play an important role in perception and cognitive function. The therapeutic effect of gamma band stimulation in AD mouse models has been reported recently. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive intervention method, but at present, researchers have not completely understood the intervention effect of tACS. Thus, the intervention mechanism of tACS has not been fully elucidated, and the course of treatment in clinical selection also lacks theoretical support. Based on this issue, we investigated the effect of gamma frequency (40 Hz) tACS at different durations in a mouse model of AD. Materials and methods We placed stimulating electrodes on the skull surface of APP/PS1 and wild-type control mice ( n = 30 and n = 5, respectively). Among them, 20 APP/PS1 mice were divided into 4 groups to receive 20 min 40 Hz tACS every day for 1–4 weeks. The other 10 APP/PS1 mice were equally divided into two groups to receive sham treatment and no treatment. No intervention was performed in the wild-type control mice. The short-term memory function of the mice was examined by the Y maze. Aβ levels and microglia in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescence. Spontaneous electroencephalogram gamma power was calculated by the average period method, and brain connectivity was examined by cross-frequency coupling. Results We found that the long-term treatment groups (21 and 28 days) had decreased hippocampal Aβ levels, increased electroencephalogram spontaneous gamma power, and ultimately improved short-term memory function. The treatment effect of the short-term treatment group (7 days) was not significant. Moreover, the treatment effect of the 14-day treatment group was weaker than that of the 21-day treatment group. Conclusion These results suggest that long-term gamma-frequency tACS is more effective in treating AD by reducing Aβ load and improving gamma oscillation than short-term gamma-frequency tACS. |
Author | Huang, Liang Yuan, Ye Fan, Liming Wang, Jue Wu, Linyan Cao, Tiantian Cai, Chujie Li, Sinan Zhang, Wenlong Li, Long Wang, Jingyun Liu, Tian |
AuthorAffiliation | 2 National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices , Guangzhou , China 3 The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs , Xi’an , China 1 The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an , China |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices , Guangzhou , China – name: 3 The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs , Xi’an , China – name: 1 The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University , Xi’an , China |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Linyan surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Linyan – sequence: 2 givenname: Tiantian surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Tiantian – sequence: 3 givenname: Sinan surname: Li fullname: Li, Sinan – sequence: 4 givenname: Ye surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Ye – sequence: 5 givenname: Wenlong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Wenlong – sequence: 6 givenname: Liang surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Liang – sequence: 7 givenname: Chujie surname: Cai fullname: Cai, Chujie – sequence: 8 givenname: Liming surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Liming – sequence: 9 givenname: Long surname: Li fullname: Li, Long – sequence: 10 givenname: Jingyun surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jingyun – sequence: 11 givenname: Tian surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Tian – sequence: 12 givenname: Jue surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jue |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 This article was submitted to Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias, a section of the journal Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Edited by: Alessandro Martorana, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy Reviewed by: Francesco Di Lorenzo, Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS), Italy; Afzal Misrani, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, China |
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The main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ)... BackgroundThe main manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ)... BackgroundThe main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ)... |
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Title | Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease |
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