Early Pixel Value Ratios to Assess Bone Healing During Distraction Osteogenesis
Background: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an approach for bone lengthening and reconstruction. The pixel value ratio (PVR), an indicator calculated from X-ray images, is reported to assess the final timing for the external fixator removal. However, the early PVR and its potential influencing fact...
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| Published in | Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology Vol. 10; p. 929699 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A
12.07.2022
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| Abstract | Background:
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an approach for bone lengthening and reconstruction. The pixel value ratio (PVR), an indicator calculated from X-ray images, is reported to assess the final timing for the external fixator removal. However, the early PVR and its potential influencing factors and the relationship between the early PVR and clinical outcomes are rarely discussed. Therefore, this study was employed to address these issues.
Methods:
A total of 125 patients with bone lengthening were investigated retrospectively. The early PVR of regenerated bone was monitored in the first 3 months after osteotomy. The potential effect of sex, chronological age, BMI, lengthening site, and involvement of internal fixation during the consolidation period was analyzed. Moreover, the associations of the healing index (HI) and lengthening index (LI) with early PVR were also investigated.
Results:
The early PVRs were 0.78 ± 0.10, 0.87 ± 0.06, and 0.93 ± 0.06 in the first 3 months after osteotomy, respectively. Moreover, the PVR in juvenile was significantly higher than that in adults in the first 3 months after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.74 ± 0.10;
p
= 0.008), (0.89 ± 0.06 vs. 0.83 ± 0.06;
p
= 0.018), and (0.94 ± 0.05 vs. 0.87 ± 0.05;
p
= 0.003). In addition, the PVR in males was significantly higher than that in females in the first month after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.76 ± 0.10;
p
= 0.015), and the PVR in femur site was significantly higher than that in the tibia site in the second and third months after osteotomy (0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.06;
p
= 0.015) and (0.93 ± 0.06 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06,
p
= 0.037). However, the BMI and involvement of the internal fixator during the consolidation period seem to not influence the early PVR of regenerated callus during DO. Interestingly, the early PVR seems to be moderately inversely associated with HI (mean = 44.98 ± 49.44, r = -0.211, and
p
= 0.029) and LI (mean = 0.78 ± 0.77, r = -0.210, and
p
= 0.029), respectively.
Conclusion:
The early PVR is gradually increasing in the first 3 months after osteotomy, which may be significantly influenced by chronological age, sex, and the lengthening site. Moreover, the early PVR of callus may reflect the potential clinical outcome for DO. Our results may be beneficial to the clinical management of the subjects with bone lengthening. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background:
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an approach for bone lengthening and reconstruction. The pixel value ratio (PVR), an indicator calculated from X-ray images, is reported to assess the final timing for the external fixator removal. However, the early PVR and its potential influencing factors and the relationship between the early PVR and clinical outcomes are rarely discussed. Therefore, this study was employed to address these issues.
Methods:
A total of 125 patients with bone lengthening were investigated retrospectively. The early PVR of regenerated bone was monitored in the first 3 months after osteotomy. The potential effect of sex, chronological age, BMI, lengthening site, and involvement of internal fixation during the consolidation period was analyzed. Moreover, the associations of the healing index (HI) and lengthening index (LI) with early PVR were also investigated.
Results:
The early PVRs were 0.78 ± 0.10, 0.87 ± 0.06, and 0.93 ± 0.06 in the first 3 months after osteotomy, respectively. Moreover, the PVR in juvenile was significantly higher than that in adults in the first 3 months after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.74 ± 0.10;
p
= 0.008), (0.89 ± 0.06 vs. 0.83 ± 0.06;
p
= 0.018), and (0.94 ± 0.05 vs. 0.87 ± 0.05;
p
= 0.003). In addition, the PVR in males was significantly higher than that in females in the first month after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.76 ± 0.10;
p
= 0.015), and the PVR in femur site was significantly higher than that in the tibia site in the second and third months after osteotomy (0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.06;
p
= 0.015) and (0.93 ± 0.06 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06,
p
= 0.037). However, the BMI and involvement of the internal fixator during the consolidation period seem to not influence the early PVR of regenerated callus during DO. Interestingly, the early PVR seems to be moderately inversely associated with HI (mean = 44.98 ± 49.44, r = -0.211, and
p
= 0.029) and LI (mean = 0.78 ± 0.77, r = -0.210, and
p
= 0.029), respectively.
Conclusion:
The early PVR is gradually increasing in the first 3 months after osteotomy, which may be significantly influenced by chronological age, sex, and the lengthening site. Moreover, the early PVR of callus may reflect the potential clinical outcome for DO. Our results may be beneficial to the clinical management of the subjects with bone lengthening. Background: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an approach for bone lengthening and reconstruction. The pixel value ratio (PVR), an indicator calculated from X-ray images, is reported to assess the final timing for the external fixator removal. However, the early PVR and its potential influencing factors and the relationship between the early PVR and clinical outcomes are rarely discussed. Therefore, this study was employed to address these issues. Methods: A total of 125 patients with bone lengthening were investigated retrospectively. The early PVR of regenerated bone was monitored in the first 3 months after osteotomy. The potential effect of sex, chronological age, BMI, lengthening site, and involvement of internal fixation during the consolidation period was analyzed. Moreover, the associations of the healing index (HI) and lengthening index (LI) with early PVR were also investigated. Results: The early PVRs were 0.78 ± 0.10, 0.87 ± 0.06, and 0.93 ± 0.06 in the first 3 months after osteotomy, respectively. Moreover, the PVR in juvenile was significantly higher than that in adults in the first 3 months after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.74 ± 0.10; p = 0.008), (0.89 ± 0.06 vs. 0.83 ± 0.06; p = 0.018), and (0.94 ± 0.05 vs. 0.87 ± 0.05; p = 0.003). In addition, the PVR in males was significantly higher than that in females in the first month after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.76 ± 0.10; p = 0.015), and the PVR in femur site was significantly higher than that in the tibia site in the second and third months after osteotomy (0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.06; p = 0.015) and (0.93 ± 0.06 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06, p = 0.037). However, the BMI and involvement of the internal fixator during the consolidation period seem to not influence the early PVR of regenerated callus during DO. Interestingly, the early PVR seems to be moderately inversely associated with HI (mean = 44.98 ± 49.44, r = -0.211, and p = 0.029) and LI (mean = 0.78 ± 0.77, r = -0.210, and p = 0.029), respectively. Conclusion: The early PVR is gradually increasing in the first 3 months after osteotomy, which may be significantly influenced by chronological age, sex, and the lengthening site. Moreover, the early PVR of callus may reflect the potential clinical outcome for DO. Our results may be beneficial to the clinical management of the subjects with bone lengthening.Background: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an approach for bone lengthening and reconstruction. The pixel value ratio (PVR), an indicator calculated from X-ray images, is reported to assess the final timing for the external fixator removal. However, the early PVR and its potential influencing factors and the relationship between the early PVR and clinical outcomes are rarely discussed. Therefore, this study was employed to address these issues. Methods: A total of 125 patients with bone lengthening were investigated retrospectively. The early PVR of regenerated bone was monitored in the first 3 months after osteotomy. The potential effect of sex, chronological age, BMI, lengthening site, and involvement of internal fixation during the consolidation period was analyzed. Moreover, the associations of the healing index (HI) and lengthening index (LI) with early PVR were also investigated. Results: The early PVRs were 0.78 ± 0.10, 0.87 ± 0.06, and 0.93 ± 0.06 in the first 3 months after osteotomy, respectively. Moreover, the PVR in juvenile was significantly higher than that in adults in the first 3 months after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.74 ± 0.10; p = 0.008), (0.89 ± 0.06 vs. 0.83 ± 0.06; p = 0.018), and (0.94 ± 0.05 vs. 0.87 ± 0.05; p = 0.003). In addition, the PVR in males was significantly higher than that in females in the first month after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.76 ± 0.10; p = 0.015), and the PVR in femur site was significantly higher than that in the tibia site in the second and third months after osteotomy (0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.06; p = 0.015) and (0.93 ± 0.06 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06, p = 0.037). However, the BMI and involvement of the internal fixator during the consolidation period seem to not influence the early PVR of regenerated callus during DO. Interestingly, the early PVR seems to be moderately inversely associated with HI (mean = 44.98 ± 49.44, r = -0.211, and p = 0.029) and LI (mean = 0.78 ± 0.77, r = -0.210, and p = 0.029), respectively. Conclusion: The early PVR is gradually increasing in the first 3 months after osteotomy, which may be significantly influenced by chronological age, sex, and the lengthening site. Moreover, the early PVR of callus may reflect the potential clinical outcome for DO. Our results may be beneficial to the clinical management of the subjects with bone lengthening. Background: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an approach for bone lengthening and reconstruction. The pixel value ratio (PVR), an indicator calculated from X-ray images, is reported to assess the final timing for the external fixator removal. However, the early PVR and its potential influencing factors and the relationship between the early PVR and clinical outcomes are rarely discussed. Therefore, this study was employed to address these issues.Methods: A total of 125 patients with bone lengthening were investigated retrospectively. The early PVR of regenerated bone was monitored in the first 3 months after osteotomy. The potential effect of sex, chronological age, BMI, lengthening site, and involvement of internal fixation during the consolidation period was analyzed. Moreover, the associations of the healing index (HI) and lengthening index (LI) with early PVR were also investigated.Results: The early PVRs were 0.78 ± 0.10, 0.87 ± 0.06, and 0.93 ± 0.06 in the first 3 months after osteotomy, respectively. Moreover, the PVR in juvenile was significantly higher than that in adults in the first 3 months after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.74 ± 0.10; p = 0.008), (0.89 ± 0.06 vs. 0.83 ± 0.06; p = 0.018), and (0.94 ± 0.05 vs. 0.87 ± 0.05; p = 0.003). In addition, the PVR in males was significantly higher than that in females in the first month after osteotomy (0.80 ± 0.09 vs. 0.76 ± 0.10; p = 0.015), and the PVR in femur site was significantly higher than that in the tibia site in the second and third months after osteotomy (0.88 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.06; p = 0.015) and (0.93 ± 0.06 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06, p = 0.037). However, the BMI and involvement of the internal fixator during the consolidation period seem to not influence the early PVR of regenerated callus during DO. Interestingly, the early PVR seems to be moderately inversely associated with HI (mean = 44.98 ± 49.44, r = -0.211, and p = 0.029) and LI (mean = 0.78 ± 0.77, r = -0.210, and p = 0.029), respectively.Conclusion: The early PVR is gradually increasing in the first 3 months after osteotomy, which may be significantly influenced by chronological age, sex, and the lengthening site. Moreover, the early PVR of callus may reflect the potential clinical outcome for DO. Our results may be beneficial to the clinical management of the subjects with bone lengthening. |
| Author | Liang, Jieyu Zhu, Guanghui Guo, Hongbin Zhang, Yi Mei, Haibo Wang, Min Liu, Ze Liu, Qi |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Orthopaedics , Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China 4 Department of Endocrinology , Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China 2 National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders , Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China 3 Department of Pediatric Orthopedics , Hunan Children’s Hospital , Pediatric Academy of University of South China , Changsha , China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 4 Department of Endocrinology , Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China – name: 1 Department of Orthopaedics , Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China – name: 3 Department of Pediatric Orthopedics , Hunan Children’s Hospital , Pediatric Academy of University of South China , Changsha , China – name: 2 National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders , Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Qi surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Qi – sequence: 2 givenname: Haibo surname: Mei fullname: Mei, Haibo – sequence: 3 givenname: Guanghui surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Guanghui – sequence: 4 givenname: Ze surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Ze – sequence: 5 givenname: Hongbin surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Hongbin – sequence: 6 givenname: Min surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Min – sequence: 7 givenname: Jieyu surname: Liang fullname: Liang, Jieyu – sequence: 8 givenname: Yi surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yi |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_022_06034_w crossref_primary_10_3389_fsurg_2023_1280332 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13018_024_05200_1 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1097/BPB.0b013e32834f04f3 10.5005/jp-journals-10080-1457 10.1097/01202412-200607000-00007 10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00949 10.1007/s11999-009-1011-7 10.1016/j.bone.2009.08.005 10.1007/s00256-008-0495-7 10.5005/jp-journals-10080-1461 10.5312/wjo.v8.i9.688 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103055 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109064 10.1097/00004694-200401000-0000610.1097/01241398-200401000-00006 10.1016/j.aanat.2006.07.004 10.1302/0301-620X.87B12.16247 10.1007/s11420-009-9130-y 10.5312/wjo.v12.i8.515 10.1016/j.stem.2017.02.009 10.1007/s10856-011-4266-y 10.5604/15093492.1091515 10.1302/0301-620X.75B3.8496200 10.1007/s11914-013-0147-2 10.1007/s00402-011-1302-9 10.3928/01477447-20170810-06 10.1007/s00264-021-05059-5 10.1007/s11999-011-1914-y 10.4055/cios.2019.11.2.226 10.1016/j.exger.2005.11.005 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2022 Liu, Mei, Zhu, Liu, Guo, Wang, Liang and Zhang. Copyright © 2022 Liu, Mei, Zhu, Liu, Guo, Wang, Liang and Zhang. 2022 Liu, Mei, Zhu, Liu, Guo, Wang, Liang and Zhang |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 This article was submitted to Biomaterials, a section of the journal Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology Edited by: Jun Lin, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China Reviewed by: Sien Lin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China These authors have contributed equally to this work and share the first authorship Weimin Shen, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China |
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Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an approach for bone lengthening and reconstruction. The pixel value ratio (PVR), an indicator calculated from... Background: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is an approach for bone lengthening and reconstruction. The pixel value ratio (PVR), an indicator calculated from... |
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| SubjectTerms | Bioengineering and Biotechnology bone lengthening distraction osteogenesis external fixator pixel value ratio X-ray |
| Title | Early Pixel Value Ratios to Assess Bone Healing During Distraction Osteogenesis |
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