Protection of Grouper Against Cryptocaryon irritans by Immunization With Tetrahymena thermophila and Protective Cross-Reactive Antigen Identification
Vaccination is an effective method to prevent Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Although some vaccines have been developed, large-scale production of these vaccines is costly. Development of a heterogenous vaccine generated by low-cost antigens is an alternative method. In the present study, grouper...
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| Published in | Frontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 891643 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Frontiers Media S.A
07.07.2022
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| Abstract | Vaccination is an effective method to prevent
Cryptocaryon irritans
infection. Although some vaccines have been developed, large-scale production of these vaccines is costly. Development of a heterogenous vaccine generated by low-cost antigens is an alternative method. In the present study, grouper immunized with
Tetrahymena thermophila
, a free-living ciliate that easily grows in inexpensive culture media at high density, showed protective immunity against
C. irritans
infection. Higher immobilization against
C. irritans
theronts was detected in
T. thermophila
–immunized grouper serum, which suggested the existence of a cross-reactive antibody in the serum. By immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses, tubulin was identified as a potential cross-reactive antigen between
C. irritans
and
T. thermophila
. Recombinant
T. thermophila
tubulin protein (rTt-tubulin) and its antibody were prepared, and immunofluorescence showed that both
C. irritans
and
T. thermophila
cilia were stained by the anti–rTt-tubulin antibody. Grouper immunized with rTt-tubulin showed a reduced infective rate after the
C. irritans
challenge. An enhanced level of
C. irritans
–binding immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was detected in serum from rTt-tubulin–immunized grouper. Moreover, specific antibodies were also found in the mucus and tissue culture medium from rTt-tubulin–immunized grouper. Overall, these findings suggested that vaccination with
T. thermophila
elicits cross-reactive protective immunity in grouper against
C. irritans
, and
T. thermophila
may be a potential heterologous antigen for vaccine development. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Vaccination is an effective method to prevent Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Although some vaccines have been developed, large-scale production of these vaccines is costly. Development of a heterogenous vaccine generated by low-cost antigens is an alternative method. In the present study, grouper immunized with Tetrahymena thermophila, a free-living ciliate that easily grows in inexpensive culture media at high density, showed protective immunity against C. irritans infection. Higher immobilization against C. irritans theronts was detected in T. thermophila–immunized grouper serum, which suggested the existence of a cross-reactive antibody in the serum. By immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses, tubulin was identified as a potential cross-reactive antigen between C. irritans and T. thermophila. Recombinant T. thermophila tubulin protein (rTt-tubulin) and its antibody were prepared, and immunofluorescence showed that both C. irritans and T. thermophila cilia were stained by the anti–rTt-tubulin antibody. Grouper immunized with rTt-tubulin showed a reduced infective rate after the C. irritans challenge. An enhanced level of C. irritans–binding immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was detected in serum from rTt-tubulin–immunized grouper. Moreover, specific antibodies were also found in the mucus and tissue culture medium from rTt-tubulin–immunized grouper. Overall, these findings suggested that vaccination with T. thermophila elicits cross-reactive protective immunity in grouper against C. irritans, and T. thermophila may be a potential heterologous antigen for vaccine development. Vaccination is an effective method to prevent Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Although some vaccines have been developed, large-scale production of these vaccines is costly. Development of a heterogenous vaccine generated by low-cost antigens is an alternative method. In the present study, grouper immunized with Tetrahymena thermophila , a free-living ciliate that easily grows in inexpensive culture media at high density, showed protective immunity against C. irritans infection. Higher immobilization against C. irritans theronts was detected in T. thermophila –immunized grouper serum, which suggested the existence of a cross-reactive antibody in the serum. By immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses, tubulin was identified as a potential cross-reactive antigen between C. irritans and T. thermophila . Recombinant T. thermophila tubulin protein (rTt-tubulin) and its antibody were prepared, and immunofluorescence showed that both C. irritans and T. thermophila cilia were stained by the anti–rTt-tubulin antibody. Grouper immunized with rTt-tubulin showed a reduced infective rate after the C. irritans challenge. An enhanced level of C. irritans –binding immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was detected in serum from rTt-tubulin–immunized grouper. Moreover, specific antibodies were also found in the mucus and tissue culture medium from rTt-tubulin–immunized grouper. Overall, these findings suggested that vaccination with T. thermophila elicits cross-reactive protective immunity in grouper against C. irritans , and T. thermophila may be a potential heterologous antigen for vaccine development. Vaccination is an effective method to prevent Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Although some vaccines have been developed, large-scale production of these vaccines is costly. Development of a heterogenous vaccine generated by low-cost antigens is an alternative method. In the present study, grouper immunized with Tetrahymena thermophila, a free-living ciliate that easily grows in inexpensive culture media at high density, showed protective immunity against C. irritans infection. Higher immobilization against C. irritans theronts was detected in T. thermophila-immunized grouper serum, which suggested the existence of a cross-reactive antibody in the serum. By immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses, tubulin was identified as a potential cross-reactive antigen between C. irritans and T. thermophila. Recombinant T. thermophila tubulin protein (rTt-tubulin) and its antibody were prepared, and immunofluorescence showed that both C. irritans and T. thermophila cilia were stained by the anti-rTt-tubulin antibody. Grouper immunized with rTt-tubulin showed a reduced infective rate after the C. irritans challenge. An enhanced level of C. irritans-binding immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was detected in serum from rTt-tubulin-immunized grouper. Moreover, specific antibodies were also found in the mucus and tissue culture medium from rTt-tubulin-immunized grouper. Overall, these findings suggested that vaccination with T. thermophila elicits cross-reactive protective immunity in grouper against C. irritans, and T. thermophila may be a potential heterologous antigen for vaccine development.Vaccination is an effective method to prevent Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Although some vaccines have been developed, large-scale production of these vaccines is costly. Development of a heterogenous vaccine generated by low-cost antigens is an alternative method. In the present study, grouper immunized with Tetrahymena thermophila, a free-living ciliate that easily grows in inexpensive culture media at high density, showed protective immunity against C. irritans infection. Higher immobilization against C. irritans theronts was detected in T. thermophila-immunized grouper serum, which suggested the existence of a cross-reactive antibody in the serum. By immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses, tubulin was identified as a potential cross-reactive antigen between C. irritans and T. thermophila. Recombinant T. thermophila tubulin protein (rTt-tubulin) and its antibody were prepared, and immunofluorescence showed that both C. irritans and T. thermophila cilia were stained by the anti-rTt-tubulin antibody. Grouper immunized with rTt-tubulin showed a reduced infective rate after the C. irritans challenge. An enhanced level of C. irritans-binding immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody was detected in serum from rTt-tubulin-immunized grouper. Moreover, specific antibodies were also found in the mucus and tissue culture medium from rTt-tubulin-immunized grouper. Overall, these findings suggested that vaccination with T. thermophila elicits cross-reactive protective immunity in grouper against C. irritans, and T. thermophila may be a potential heterologous antigen for vaccine development. |
| Author | Duan, Yafei Li, Yanwei Mo, Zequan Dan, Xueming Guo, Wenjie Hu, Yingtong Lai, Xueli Wu, Huicheng |
| AuthorAffiliation | 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China 2 Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University , Shaoguan , China 1 University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China – name: 1 University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China – name: 2 Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University , Shaoguan , China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zequan surname: Mo fullname: Mo, Zequan – sequence: 2 givenname: Huicheng surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Huicheng – sequence: 3 givenname: Yingtong surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Yingtong – sequence: 4 givenname: Xueli surname: Lai fullname: Lai, Xueli – sequence: 5 givenname: Wenjie surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Wenjie – sequence: 6 givenname: Yafei surname: Duan fullname: Duan, Yafei – sequence: 7 givenname: Xueming surname: Dan fullname: Dan, Xueming – sequence: 8 givenname: Yanwei surname: Li fullname: Li, Yanwei |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vetpar_2023_109972 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41541_023_00721_y crossref_primary_10_1111_pim_12967 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aaf_2024_10_003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aquaculture_2023_739722 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1424669 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aquaculture_2023_739835 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aquaculture_2024_741373 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10499_023_01131_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12033_023_00824_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2024_136143 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1111/raq.12594 10.1038/s41598-018-25710-3 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.036 10.1007/s00436-007-0766-6 10.1186/s13630-016-0022-8 10.1016/0959-8030(95)00005-4 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.055 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.031 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.06.016 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.05.004 10.1006/fsim.2001.0410 10.1016/0044-8486(81)90020-X 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.102 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.039 10.3354/dao01857 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.04.011 10.3147/jsfp.39.175 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90415-U 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.04.026 10.1186/s13071-016-1919-1 10.1017/S0031182008004617 10.3147/jsfp.32.229 10.1017/S003118200700265X 10.1038/ncomms10728 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04822.x 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.041 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6825 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2022 Mo, Wu, Hu, Lai, Guo, Duan, Dan and Li. Copyright © 2022 Mo, Wu, Hu, Lai, Guo, Duan, Dan and Li 2022 Mo, Wu, Hu, Lai, Guo, Duan, Dan and Li |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Brian Dixon, University of Waterloo, Canada This article was submitted to Parasite Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Reviewed by: Jing Xing, Ocean University of China, China; Yong-An Zhang, Huazhong Agricultural University, China These authors have contributed equally to this work |
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| References | Bai (B4) 2008; 102 Yambot (B9) 2004; 39 Hatanaka (B25) 2007; 134 Yambot (B2) 2006; 260 Jose Priya (B6) 2012; 30 Clark (B23) 1995; 5 Yoshinaga (B10) 2007; 78 Clark (B24) 1996; 93 Yoshinaga (B3) 1997; 32 Dickerson (B11) 1984; 24 Kim (B22) 2006; 260 Luo (B5) 2007; 22 Mo (B15) 2021; 119 Mai (B19) 2015; 211 Han (B17) 2021; 118 Mo (B14) 2016; 9 Goven (B12) 1981; 23 Hatanaka (B26) 2008; 135 Mo (B8) 2019; 9 Dan (B16) 2006; 258 Jose Priya (B7) 2015; 45 Ling (B13) 1993; 116 Wang (B27) 2002; 13 Bayless (B20) 2015; 5 Xu (B21) 2016; 7 Li (B1) 2021; 14 Mo (B18) 2018; 77 |
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| Snippet | Vaccination is an effective method to prevent
Cryptocaryon irritans
infection. Although some vaccines have been developed, large-scale production of these... Vaccination is an effective method to prevent Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Although some vaccines have been developed, large-scale production of these... |
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| SubjectTerms | Cryptocaryon irritans grouper heterologous vaccine Immunology Tetrahymena thermophila tubulin |
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| Title | Protection of Grouper Against Cryptocaryon irritans by Immunization With Tetrahymena thermophila and Protective Cross-Reactive Antigen Identification |
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