Plant-mediated effects of drought on aphid population structure and parasitoid attack

The effects of predicted climate change on aphid–natural enemy interactions have principally considered the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature. However, increased incidence of summer droughts are also predicted in Northern Europe, which could affect aphid–plant inte...

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Published in	Journal of applied entomology (1986) Vol. 137; no. 1-2; pp. 136 - 145
Main Authors	Aslam, T. J., Johnson, S. N., Karley, A. J.
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Berlin Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2013 Wiley-Blackwell Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects	Air temperature Amino acids Aphididae Aphidius ervi Biological and medical sciences Biological control Carbon dioxide Climate change Control Demography Drought Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hordeum vulgare Hymenoptera Parasitism Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Population structure Protozoa. Invertebrates Rhopalosiphum padi summer drought Europe Monocotyledones Aphidoidea Hordeum vulgare summer drought Insecta Aphidius ervi Summer Population structure Rhopalosiphum padi Cereal crop Dynamical climatology Climate change Pest Parasitoid Homoptera Gramineae Arthropoda Angiospermae Aphididae Spermatophyta Braconidae Hymenoptera Invertebrata Drought
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Abstract	The effects of predicted climate change on aphid–natural enemy interactions have principally considered the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature. However, increased incidence of summer droughts are also predicted in Northern Europe, which could affect aphid–plant interactions and aphid antagonists. We investigated how simulated summer drought affected the bird cherry–oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L., and its natural enemy the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi. Drought and, to a greater extent, aphids reduced barley ( Hordeum vulgare) dry mass by 33% and 39%, respectively. Drought reduced leaf and root nitrogen concentrations by 13% and 28%, respectively, but foliar amino acid concentrations and composition remained similar. Aphid numbers were unaffected by drought, but population demography changed significantly; adults constituted 41% of the population on drought‐treated plants, but only 26% on those receiving ambient irrigation. Nymphs constituted 56% and 69% of the population on these plants, respectively, suggesting altered aphid development rates on drought‐stressed plants. Parasitism rates were significantly lower on drought‐stressed plants (9 attacks h−1 compared with 35 attacks h−1 on ambient‐irrigated plants), most likely because of lower incidence of nymphs and more adults, the latter being more difficult to parasitize. Any physiological changes in individual aphids did not affect parasitoid preferences, suggesting that attacks were postponed because of drought‐induced changes in aphid demography. This study demonstrates the potential for sporadic climate change events, such as summer drought, to be disruptive to herbivore–antagonist interactions.
AbstractList	The effects of predicted climate change on aphid–natural enemy interactions have principally considered the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature. However, increased incidence of summer droughts are also predicted in Northern Europe, which could affect aphid–plant interactions and aphid antagonists. We investigated how simulated summer drought affected the bird cherry–oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L., and its natural enemy the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi. Drought and, to a greater extent, aphids reduced barley ( Hordeum vulgare) dry mass by 33% and 39%, respectively. Drought reduced leaf and root nitrogen concentrations by 13% and 28%, respectively, but foliar amino acid concentrations and composition remained similar. Aphid numbers were unaffected by drought, but population demography changed significantly; adults constituted 41% of the population on drought‐treated plants, but only 26% on those receiving ambient irrigation. Nymphs constituted 56% and 69% of the population on these plants, respectively, suggesting altered aphid development rates on drought‐stressed plants. Parasitism rates were significantly lower on drought‐stressed plants (9 attacks h−1 compared with 35 attacks h−1 on ambient‐irrigated plants), most likely because of lower incidence of nymphs and more adults, the latter being more difficult to parasitize. Any physiological changes in individual aphids did not affect parasitoid preferences, suggesting that attacks were postponed because of drought‐induced changes in aphid demography. This study demonstrates the potential for sporadic climate change events, such as summer drought, to be disruptive to herbivore–antagonist interactions. The effects of predicted climate change on aphid–natural enemy interactions have principally considered the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature. However, increased incidence of summer droughts are also predicted in N orthern E urope, which could affect aphid–plant interactions and aphid antagonists. We investigated how simulated summer drought affected the bird cherry–oat aphid, R hopalosiphum padi L ., and its natural enemy the parasitoid wasp A phidius ervi . Drought and, to a greater extent, aphids reduced barley ( H ordeum vulgare ) dry mass by 33% and 39%, respectively. Drought reduced leaf and root nitrogen concentrations by 13% and 28%, respectively, but foliar amino acid concentrations and composition remained similar. Aphid numbers were unaffected by drought, but population demography changed significantly; adults constituted 41% of the population on drought‐treated plants, but only 26% on those receiving ambient irrigation. Nymphs constituted 56% and 69% of the population on these plants, respectively, suggesting altered aphid development rates on drought‐stressed plants. Parasitism rates were significantly lower on drought‐stressed plants (9 attacks h −1 compared with 35 attacks h −1 on ambient‐irrigated plants), most likely because of lower incidence of nymphs and more adults, the latter being more difficult to parasitize. Any physiological changes in individual aphids did not affect parasitoid preferences, suggesting that attacks were postponed because of drought‐induced changes in aphid demography. This study demonstrates the potential for sporadic climate change events, such as summer drought, to be disruptive to herbivore–antagonist interactions. The effects of predicted climate change on aphid-natural enemy interactions have principally considered the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature. However, increased incidence of summer droughts are also predicted in Northern Europe, which could affect aphid-plant interactions and aphid antagonists. We investigated how simulated summer drought affected the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L., and its natural enemy the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi. Drought and, to a greater extent, aphids reduced barley (Hordeum vulgare) dry mass by 33% and 39%, respectively. Drought reduced leaf and root nitrogen concentrations by 13% and 28%, respectively, but foliar amino acid concentrations and composition remained similar. Aphid numbers were unaffected by drought, but population demography changed significantly; adults constituted 41% of the population on drought-treated plants, but only 26% on those receiving ambient irrigation. Nymphs constituted 56% and 69% of the population on these plants, respectively, suggesting altered aphid development rates on drought-stressed plants. Parasitism rates were significantly lower on drought-stressed plants (9 attacks h-1 compared with 35 attacks h-1 on ambient-irrigated plants), most likely because of lower incidence of nymphs and more adults, the latter being more difficult to parasitize. Any physiological changes in individual aphids did not affect parasitoid preferences, suggesting that attacks were postponed because of drought-induced changes in aphid demography. This study demonstrates the potential for sporadic climate change events, such as summer drought, to be disruptive to herbivore-antagonist interactions. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] The effects of predicted climate change on aphid-natural enemy interactions have principally considered the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature. However, increased incidence of summer droughts are also predicted in Northern Europe, which could affect aphid-plant interactions and aphid antagonists. We investigated how simulated summer drought affected the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi L., and its natural enemy the parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi. Drought and, to a greater extent, aphids reduced barley (Hordeum vulgare) dry mass by 33% and 39%, respectively. Drought reduced leaf and root nitrogen concentrations by 13% and 28%, respectively, but foliar amino acid concentrations and composition remained similar. Aphid numbers were unaffected by drought, but population demography changed significantly; adults constituted 41% of the population on drought-treated plants, but only 26% on those receiving ambient irrigation. Nymphs constituted 56% and 69% of the population on these plants, respectively, suggesting altered aphid development rates on drought-stressed plants. Parasitism rates were significantly lower on drought-stressed plants (9 attacks h-1 compared with 35 attacks h-1 on ambient-irrigated plants), most likely because of lower incidence of nymphs and more adults, the latter being more difficult to parasitize. Any physiological changes in individual aphids did not affect parasitoid preferences, suggesting that attacks were postponed because of drought-induced changes in aphid demography. This study demonstrates the potential for sporadic climate change events, such as summer drought, to be disruptive to herbivore-antagonist interactions.
Author	Johnson, S. N. Karley, A. J. Aslam, T. J.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: T. J. surname: Aslam fullname: Aslam, T. J. email: Tiffany Aslam (corresponding author), Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Irene Manton 8.17, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. , bstja@leeds.ac.uk organization: School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: S. N. surname: Johnson fullname: Johnson, S. N. organization: Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, NSW, Penrith South, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: A. J. surname: Karley fullname: Karley, A. J. organization: The James Hutton Institute, InvergowrieDundee, UK
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Keywords	Monocotyledones Aphidoidea Hordeum vulgare summer drought Insecta Aphidius ervi Summer Population structure Rhopalosiphum padi Cereal crop Dynamical climatology Climate change Pest Parasitoid Homoptera Gramineae Arthropoda Angiospermae Aphididae Spermatophyta Braconidae Hymenoptera Invertebrata Drought
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Snippet	The effects of predicted climate change on aphid–natural enemy interactions have principally considered the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration... The effects of predicted climate change on aphid-natural enemy interactions have principally considered the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration...
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SubjectTerms	Air temperature Amino acids Aphididae Aphidius ervi Biological and medical sciences Biological control Carbon dioxide Climate change Control Demography Drought Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hordeum vulgare Hymenoptera Parasitism Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Population structure Protozoa. Invertebrates Rhopalosiphum padi summer drought
Title	Plant-mediated effects of drought on aphid population structure and parasitoid attack
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