Canopy structure, light interception, and photosynthesis in maize
The amount and distribution of leaf area and leaf angles in a crop canopy determine how photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is intercepted and consequently influences canopy photosynthesis and yield. Factors such as plant shape, plant populations, and row width will affect these leaf distribut...
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Published in | Agronomy journal Vol. 95; no. 6; pp. 1465 - 1474 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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American Society of Agronomy
01.11.2003
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Abstract | The amount and distribution of leaf area and leaf angles in a crop canopy determine how photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is intercepted and consequently influences canopy photosynthesis and yield. Factors such as plant shape, plant populations, and row width will affect these leaf distributions and can occur in an almost infinite number of different combinations. To supplement experimentation, a mathematical model was developed to use measurements of leaf area and leaf angles in two dimensions (with height and across the row) to calculate PAR interception and canopy photosynthesis. Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with phenotypic differences were planted at several plant populations to produce a wide range of two-dimensional leaf area and leaf angle patterns. The extreme phenotypes, leafy and reduced stature, were included to vary plant height and number of leaves above the ear. Measurements of average PAR at various levels were made in seven different canopies and compared with calculations from the model (R2 of 0.68 and 0.92 for two sets of data). As well, measurements of PAR at 20-cm increments on transects perpendicular to the row were made in three canopy types at three levels and compared with theoretical calculations (R2 = 0.74). A simple numerical experiment was run to demonstrate the utility of the model where daily canopy photosynthesis was calculated for two row widths and seven plant types. One result was that depending on row widths, plants with very upright leaves can have both the smallest and largest daily canopy photosynthesis. |
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AbstractList | The amount and distribution of leaf area and leaf angles in a crop canopy determine how photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is intercepted and consequently influences canopy photosynthesis and yield. Factors such as plant shape, plant populations, and row width will affect these leaf distributions and can occur in an almost infinite number of different combinations. To supplement experimentation, a mathematical model was developed to use measurements of leaf area and leaf angles in two dimensions (with height and across the row) to calculate PAR interception and canopy photosynthesis. Maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids with phenotypic differences were planted at several plant populations to produce a wide range of two-dimensional leaf area and leaf angle patterns. The extreme phenotypes, leafy and reduced stature, were included to vary plant height and number of leaves above the ear. Measurements of average PAR at various levels were made in seven different canopies and compared with calculations from the model (R2 of 0.68 and 0.92 for two sets of data). As well, measurements of PAR at 20-cm increments on transects perpendicular to the row were made in three canopy types at three levels and compared with theoretical calculations (R2 = 0.74). A simple numerical experiment was run to demonstrate the utility of the model where daily canopy photosynthesis was calculated for two row widths and seven plant types. One result was that depending on row widths, plants with very upright leaves can have both the smallest and largest daily canopy photosynthesis. The amount and distribution of leaf area and leaf angles in a crop canopy determine how photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is intercepted and consequently influences canopy photosynthesis and yield. Factors such as plant shape, plant populations, and row width will affect these leaf distributions and can occur in an almost infinite number of different combinations. To supplement experimentation, a mathematical model was developed to use measurements of leaf area and leaf angles in two dimensions (with height and across the row) to calculate PAR interception and canopy photosynthesis. Maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids with phenotypic differences were planted at several plant populations to produce a wide range of two‐dimensional leaf area and leaf angle patterns. The extreme phenotypes, leafy and reduced stature , were included to vary plant height and number of leaves above the ear. Measurements of average PAR at various levels were made in seven different canopies and compared with calculations from the model ( R 2 of 0.68 and 0.92 for two sets of data). As well, measurements of PAR at 20‐cm increments on transects perpendicular to the row were made in three canopy types at three levels and compared with theoretical calculations ( R 2 = 0.74). A simple numerical experiment was run to demonstrate the utility of the model where daily canopy photosynthesis was calculated for two row widths and seven plant types. One result was that depending on row widths, plants with very upright leaves can have both the smallest and largest daily canopy photosynthesis. |
Author | Stewart, D.W Hamilton, R.I Ma, B.L Costa, C Dwyer, L.M Smith, D.L |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Stewart, D.W – sequence: 2 fullname: Costa, C – sequence: 3 fullname: Dwyer, L.M – sequence: 4 fullname: Smith, D.L – sequence: 5 fullname: Hamilton, R.I – sequence: 6 fullname: Ma, B.L |
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Keywords | Monocotyledones Photosynthetically active radiation Zea mays Plant leaf Leaf area Cereal crop Light interception Gramineae Morphology Angiospermae Spermatophyta Physiology Photosynthesis Angle of incidence Canopy(vegetation) |
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Snippet | The amount and distribution of leaf area and leaf angles in a crop canopy determine how photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) is intercepted and... |
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SubjectTerms | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Biological and medical sciences canopy corn cultivars Economic plant physiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology grain crops height hybrids leaf angle leaf area light light interception mathematical models Net assimilation, photosynthesis, carbon metabolism. Photorespiration, respiration, fermentation (anoxia, hypoxia) Nutrition. Photosynthesis. Respiration. Metabolism photosynthesis row spacing solar radiation Zea mays |
Title | Canopy structure, light interception, and photosynthesis in maize |
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