Nocturnal differences in subcutaneous tissue glucose between forearm and abdominal sites during continuous glucose monitoring in normal subjects

A number of short-term studies using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) indicate that improved metabolic control can be observed in patients with type 1 diabetes when CGMS is applied in clinical practice. Data have also accumulated to suggest that spot measurements of glucose performed...

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Published inDiabetes & metabolism Vol. 31; no. 4; pp. 347 - 352
Main Authors Von Dobeln, A, Adamson, U, Lins, PE
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Paris Elsevier Masson SAS 01.09.2005
Masson
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Abstract A number of short-term studies using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) indicate that improved metabolic control can be observed in patients with type 1 diabetes when CGMS is applied in clinical practice. Data have also accumulated to suggest that spot measurements of glucose performed four times a day would not detect as much as 70% of all hypoglycaemic episodes registered by CGMS. When more frequent reference values were obtained however it was inferred that nighttime hypoglycaemia reported by CGMS may be spurious. As most assessments with CGMS have been utilizing abdominal subcutaneous tissue, we were interested to evaluate whether differences between blood glucose and sensor readings obtained from different sites exist. Two viscometric affinity glucose sensors, applicable to subcutaneous tissue of both forearm and abdomen, were inserted subcutaneously in 12 non-diabetic subjects. Sensors generated glucose data at 3 min intervals and venous blood glucose was determined in duplicates by HemoCue at 15-90 min intervals for 24 hours. Each subject consumed three carbohydrate-rich meals, performed an exercise test, and was observed during nocturnal bed-rest at the research center. The initial decrease of blood glucose during exercise was not fully detected by the sensors. Otherwise, no significant differences between sensor values and blood glucose were observed during day-time. During nocturnal bed-rest abdominal sensor values came approximately 20% lower than blood glucose ( P < 0.001) and forearm sensor readings. It is concluded that a difference between glucose values obtained from abdominal and forearm subcutaneous fat can be observed during nocturnal bed-rest in non-diabetics. Différences entre les concentrations de glucose du tissu sous-cutané de l'avant-bras et de l'abdomen lors d'un enregistrement continu du glucose nocturne chez des individus non-diabétiques De nombreuses études à court terme utilisant le système de mesure du glucose en continu (CGMS) montrent qu'une amélioration du contrôle métabolique est obtenue chez les patients atteints d'un diabète de type 1 quand le CGMS est appliqué en clinique. Bon nombre de données suggèrent que des mesures isolées de la glycémie avec une fréquence de 4 fois par jour parviennent à détecter moins de 70% de tous les épisodes hypoglycémiques mesurés par CGMS. Cependant l'augmentation de la fréquence des mesures de la glycémie a permis de mettre en doute l'hypoglycémie nocturne détectée par CGMS. Comme la plupart des études réalisées avec CGMS sont fondées sur des mesures à partir des tissus sous-cutanés de l'abdomen, nous avons vérifié si les résultats de senseurs placés à des endroits différents sont en accord avec la mesure de la glycémie veineuse. Deux senseurs viscosimétriques du glucose, destinés au tissu sous-cutané de l'avant-bras et de l'abdomen, furent placés chez 12 individus non-diabétiques. Les mesures de glucose des senseurs furent relevées à 3 minutes d'intervalle. Le glucose sanguin veineux fut mesuré en duplicate par HemoCue toutes les 15-90 minutes pendant 24 heures. Chaque sujet consomma 3 repas riches en glucides, fit un test d'exercice et fut observé pendant un repos nocturne au centre de recherche. La diminution initiale de la glycémie pendant un exercice ne fut pas détectée de façon aussi marquée par les senseurs. En outre il n'y avait pas de différences significatives entre les mesures des senseurs et la glycémie pendant la journée. Enfin pendant un repos nocturne les mesures des senseurs abdominaux se révélèrent d'environ 20 % inférieures à celles de la glycémie et des senseurs de l'avant-bras. Chez des non-diabétiques en repos nocturne, les résultats de la mesure des concentrations de glucose des tissus sous-cutanés de l'abdomen sont significativement inférieurs à ceux du glucose sanguin et du tissu sous-cutané de l'avant bras.
AbstractList A number of short-term studies using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) indicate that improved metabolic control can be observed in patients with type 1 diabetes when CGMS is applied in clinical practice. Data have also accumulated to suggest that spot measurements of glucose performed four times a day would not detect as much as 70% of all hypoglycaemic episodes registered by CGMS. When more frequent reference values were obtained however it was inferred that nighttime hypoglycaemia reported by CGMS may be spurious. As most assessments with CGMS have been utilizing abdominal subcutaneous tissue, we were interested to evaluate whether differences between blood glucose and sensor readings obtained from different sites exist. Two viscometric affinity glucose sensors, applicable to subcutaneous tissue of both forearm and abdomen, were inserted subcutaneously in 12 non-diabetic subjects. Sensors generated glucose data at 3 min intervals and venous blood glucose was determined in duplicates by HemoCue at 15-90 min intervals for 24 hours. Each subject consumed three carbohydrate-rich meals, performed an exercise test, and was observed during nocturnal bed-rest at the research center. The initial decrease of blood glucose during exercise was not fully detected by the sensors. Otherwise, no significant differences between sensor values and blood glucose were observed during day-time. During nocturnal bed-rest abdominal sensor values came approximately 20% lower than blood glucose ( P < 0.001) and forearm sensor readings. It is concluded that a difference between glucose values obtained from abdominal and forearm subcutaneous fat can be observed during nocturnal bed-rest in non-diabetics. Différences entre les concentrations de glucose du tissu sous-cutané de l'avant-bras et de l'abdomen lors d'un enregistrement continu du glucose nocturne chez des individus non-diabétiques De nombreuses études à court terme utilisant le système de mesure du glucose en continu (CGMS) montrent qu'une amélioration du contrôle métabolique est obtenue chez les patients atteints d'un diabète de type 1 quand le CGMS est appliqué en clinique. Bon nombre de données suggèrent que des mesures isolées de la glycémie avec une fréquence de 4 fois par jour parviennent à détecter moins de 70% de tous les épisodes hypoglycémiques mesurés par CGMS. Cependant l'augmentation de la fréquence des mesures de la glycémie a permis de mettre en doute l'hypoglycémie nocturne détectée par CGMS. Comme la plupart des études réalisées avec CGMS sont fondées sur des mesures à partir des tissus sous-cutanés de l'abdomen, nous avons vérifié si les résultats de senseurs placés à des endroits différents sont en accord avec la mesure de la glycémie veineuse. Deux senseurs viscosimétriques du glucose, destinés au tissu sous-cutané de l'avant-bras et de l'abdomen, furent placés chez 12 individus non-diabétiques. Les mesures de glucose des senseurs furent relevées à 3 minutes d'intervalle. Le glucose sanguin veineux fut mesuré en duplicate par HemoCue toutes les 15-90 minutes pendant 24 heures. Chaque sujet consomma 3 repas riches en glucides, fit un test d'exercice et fut observé pendant un repos nocturne au centre de recherche. La diminution initiale de la glycémie pendant un exercice ne fut pas détectée de façon aussi marquée par les senseurs. En outre il n'y avait pas de différences significatives entre les mesures des senseurs et la glycémie pendant la journée. Enfin pendant un repos nocturne les mesures des senseurs abdominaux se révélèrent d'environ 20 % inférieures à celles de la glycémie et des senseurs de l'avant-bras. Chez des non-diabétiques en repos nocturne, les résultats de la mesure des concentrations de glucose des tissus sous-cutanés de l'abdomen sont significativement inférieurs à ceux du glucose sanguin et du tissu sous-cutané de l'avant bras.
A number of short-term studies using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) indicate that improved metabolic control can be observed in patients with type 1 diabetes when CGMS is applied in clinical practice. Data have also accumulated to suggest that spot measurements of glucose performed four times a day would not detect as much as 70% of all hypoglycaemic episodes registered by CGMS. When more frequent reference values were obtained however it was inferred that nighttime hypoglycaemia reported by CGMS may be spurious. As most assessments with CGMS have been utilizing abdominal subcutaneous tissue, we were interested to evaluate whether differences between blood glucose and sensor readings obtained from different sites exist. Two viscometric affinity glucose sensors, applicable to subcutaneous tissue of both forearm and abdomen, were inserted subcutaneously in 12 non-diabetic subjects. Sensors generated glucose data at 3 min intervals and venous blood glucose was determined in duplicates by HemoCue at 15-90 min intervals for 24 hours. Each subject consumed three carbohydrate-rich meals, performed an exercise test, and was observed during nocturnal bed-rest at the research center. The initial decrease of blood glucose during exercise was not fully detected by the sensors. Otherwise, no significant differences between sensor values and blood glucose were observed during day-time. During nocturnal bed-rest abdominal sensor values came approximately 20% lower than blood glucose (P<0.001) and forearm sensor readings. It is concluded that a difference between glucose values obtained from abdominal and forearm subcutaneous fat can be observed during nocturnal bed-rest in non-diabetics.
OBJECTIVEA number of short-term studies using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) indicate that improved metabolic control can be observed in patients with type 1 diabetes when CGMS is applied in clinical practice. Data have also accumulated to suggest that spot measurements of glucose performed four times a day would not detect as much as 70% of all hypoglycaemic episodes registered by CGMS. When more frequent reference values were obtained however it was inferred that nighttime hypoglycaemia reported by CGMS may be spurious. As most assessments with CGMS have been utilizing abdominal subcutaneous tissue, we were interested to evaluate whether differences between blood glucose and sensor readings obtained from different sites exist. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTwo viscometric affinity glucose sensors, applicable to subcutaneous tissue of both forearm and abdomen, were inserted subcutaneously in 12 non-diabetic subjects. Sensors generated glucose data at 3 min intervals and venous blood glucose was determined in duplicates by HemoCue at 15-90 min intervals for 24 hours. Each subject consumed three carbohydrate-rich meals, performed an exercise test, and was observed during nocturnal bed-rest at the research center. RESULTSThe initial decrease of blood glucose during exercise was not fully detected by the sensors. Otherwise, no significant differences between sensor values and blood glucose were observed during day-time. During nocturnal bed-rest abdominal sensor values came approximately 20% lower than blood glucose (P<0.001) and forearm sensor readings. CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that a difference between glucose values obtained from abdominal and forearm subcutaneous fat can be observed during nocturnal bed-rest in non-diabetics.
Author Adamson, U
Von Dobeln, A
Lins, PE
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Issue 4
Keywords Glucose sensors
Hypoglycémie
Hypoglycaemia
Nocturnal
Pompe à insuline
Senseurs de glucose
Nocturne
CSII
Endocrinopathy
Human
Pancreatic hormone
Forearm
Subcutaneous
Diabetes mellitus
Metabolic diseases
Glucose
Hypoglycemia
Insulin
Pump
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Snippet A number of short-term studies using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) indicate that improved metabolic control can be observed in patients with...
OBJECTIVEA number of short-term studies using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) indicate that improved metabolic control can be observed in...
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SubjectTerms Abdomen
Adult
Bed Rest
Biological and medical sciences
Biological Clocks
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Circadian Rhythm
CSII
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - metabolism
Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance
Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
Endocrinopathies
Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance
Exercise Test
Female
Forearm
Glucose - metabolism
Glucose sensors
Humans
Hypoglycaemia
Hypoglycémie
Male
Medical sciences
Medicin och hälsovetenskap
Monitoring, Physiologic - methods
Nocturnal
Nocturne
Organ Specificity
Pompe à insuline
Reference Values
Senseurs de glucose
Title Nocturnal differences in subcutaneous tissue glucose between forearm and abdominal sites during continuous glucose monitoring in normal subjects
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70203-3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16369196
https://search.proquest.com/docview/68914517
http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:1943403
Volume 31
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