Herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and seroconversion among active duty US air force members with HIV infection

Highlights • HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time in our USAF population. • HSV-2 infection was higher in non-Caucasians and older patients at HIV diagnosis. • STIs were common after HIV diagnosis indicating ongoing high-risk sexual behaviors. • Continued education to reduce ris...

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Published inJournal of clinical virology Vol. 74; pp. 4 - 7
Main Authors Cohen, Jared A, Sellers, Amanda, Sunil, T.S, Matthews, Peter E, Okulicz, Jason F
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2016
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Allergy and Immunology
Female
Genital herpes
Herpes Simplex - epidemiology
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1
Herpes simplex virus 2
Herpesvirus 1, Human - immunology
Herpesvirus 2, Human - immunology
HIV Infections - complications
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Infectious Disease
Male
Middle Aged
Military Personnel
Retrospective Studies
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Sexual Behavior
Sexually transmitted infections
United States
Young Adult
Human immunodeficiency virus
Genital herpes
Herpes simplex virus
Sexually transmitted infections
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Abstract Highlights • HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time in our USAF population. • HSV-2 infection was higher in non-Caucasians and older patients at HIV diagnosis. • STIs were common after HIV diagnosis indicating ongoing high-risk sexual behaviors. • Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is needed in HIV-infected patients.
AbstractList BACKGROUNDHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV serology and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among active duty US Air Force (USAF) members with HIV infection.METHODSUSAF members diagnosed with HIV between 1996 and 2012 were included and divided into 2 groups: 1996-2004 (n=131) and 2005-2012 (n=266). HSV-1 and -2 serology was evaluated at HIV diagnosis. Longitudinal HSV-1 and -2 serology and ICD-9 codes for HSV and non-HSV STIs were also examined for those with ≥ 1 year of follow-up.RESULTSPatients were most commonly Caucasian (44.2%) or African American (43.4%) men with a median age of 28 years at HIV diagnosis. HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased from the period of 1996-2004 (48.8%) to 2005-2012 (30.1%; P<0.01). Odds of HSV-2 seropositivity was significantly greater for non-Caucasians (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.60) and for HIV diagnosis between 1996 and 2004 (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.29-3.27), with a trend observed for those age >30 years at HIV diagnosis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.94-3.18). A total of 81 (20.4%) patients developed STIs by ICD-9 codes, including 24 (6.1%) new genital herpes diagnoses, during a median follow-up of 4.6 years. HSV-2 seroconversion occurred in 33 of 253 (13.0%) with an incidence rate of 5.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI 4.76-5.37).CONCLUSIONAlthough HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time, high-risk sexual behaviors were ongoing as evidenced by the high proportion of new STI diagnoses and HSV-2 seroconversions. Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is warranted to prevent acquisition and transmission of STIs in HIV-infected persons.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV serology and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among active duty US Air Force (USAF) members with HIV infection. USAF members diagnosed with HIV between 1996 and 2012 were included and divided into 2 groups: 1996-2004 (n=131) and 2005-2012 (n=266). HSV-1 and -2 serology was evaluated at HIV diagnosis. Longitudinal HSV-1 and -2 serology and ICD-9 codes for HSV and non-HSV STIs were also examined for those with ≥ 1 year of follow-up. Patients were most commonly Caucasian (44.2%) or African American (43.4%) men with a median age of 28 years at HIV diagnosis. HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased from the period of 1996-2004 (48.8%) to 2005-2012 (30.1%; P<0.01). Odds of HSV-2 seropositivity was significantly greater for non-Caucasians (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.60) and for HIV diagnosis between 1996 and 2004 (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.29-3.27), with a trend observed for those age >30 years at HIV diagnosis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.94-3.18). A total of 81 (20.4%) patients developed STIs by ICD-9 codes, including 24 (6.1%) new genital herpes diagnoses, during a median follow-up of 4.6 years. HSV-2 seroconversion occurred in 33 of 253 (13.0%) with an incidence rate of 5.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI 4.76-5.37). Although HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time, high-risk sexual behaviors were ongoing as evidenced by the high proportion of new STI diagnoses and HSV-2 seroconversions. Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is warranted to prevent acquisition and transmission of STIs in HIV-infected persons.
Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV serology and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among active duty US Air Force (USAF) members with HIV infection. Methods USAF members diagnosed with HIV between 1996 and 2012 were included and divided into 2 groups: 1996-2004 (n =131) and 2005-2012 (n =266). HSV-1 and -2 serology was evaluated at HIV diagnosis. Longitudinal HSV-1 and -2 serology and ICD-9 codes for HSV and non-HSV STIs were also examined for those with greater than or equal to 1 year of follow-up. Results Patients were most commonly Caucasian (44.2%) or African American (43.4%) men with a median age of 28 years at HIV diagnosis. HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased from the period of 1996-2004 (48.8%) to 2005-2012 (30.1%; P <0.01). Odds of HSV-2 seropositivity was significantly greater for non-Caucasians (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.60) and for HIV diagnosis between 1996 and 2004 (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.29-3.27), with a trend observed for those age >30 years at HIV diagnosis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.94-3.18). A total of 81 (20.4%) patients developed STIs by ICD-9 codes, including 24 (6.1%) new genital herpes diagnoses, during a median follow-up of 4.6 years. HSV-2 seroconversion occurred in 33 of 253 (13.0%) with an incidence rate of 5.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI 4.76-5.37). Conclusion Although HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time, high-risk sexual behaviors were ongoing as evidenced by the high proportion of new STI diagnoses and HSV-2 seroconversions. Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is warranted to prevent acquisition and transmission of STIs in HIV-infected persons.
•HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time in our USAF population.•HSV-2 infection was higher in non-Caucasians and older patients at HIV diagnosis.•STIs were common after HIV diagnosis indicating ongoing high-risk sexual behaviors.•Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is needed in HIV-infected patients. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV serology and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among active duty US Air Force (USAF) members with HIV infection. USAF members diagnosed with HIV between 1996 and 2012 were included and divided into 2 groups: 1996–2004 (n=131) and 2005–2012 (n=266). HSV-1 and -2 serology was evaluated at HIV diagnosis. Longitudinal HSV-1 and -2 serology and ICD-9 codes for HSV and non-HSV STIs were also examined for those with ≥1 year of follow-up. Patients were most commonly Caucasian (44.2%) or African American (43.4%) men with a median age of 28 years at HIV diagnosis. HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased from the period of 1996–2004 (48.8%) to 2005–2012 (30.1%; P<0.01). Odds of HSV-2 seropositivity was significantly greater for non-Caucasians (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33–3.60) and for HIV diagnosis between 1996 and 2004 (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.29–3.27), with a trend observed for those age >30 years at HIV diagnosis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.94–3.18). A total of 81 (20.4%) patients developed STIs by ICD-9 codes, including 24 (6.1%) new genital herpes diagnoses, during a median follow-up of 4.6 years. HSV-2 seroconversion occurred in 33 of 253 (13.0%) with an incidence rate of 5.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI 4.76–5.37). Although HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time, high-risk sexual behaviors were ongoing as evidenced by the high proportion of new STI diagnoses and HSV-2 seroconversions. Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is warranted to prevent acquisition and transmission of STIs in HIV-infected persons.
Highlights • HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time in our USAF population. • HSV-2 infection was higher in non-Caucasians and older patients at HIV diagnosis. • STIs were common after HIV diagnosis indicating ongoing high-risk sexual behaviors. • Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is needed in HIV-infected patients.
Author Cohen, Jared A
Sellers, Amanda
Sunil, T.S
Matthews, Peter E
Okulicz, Jason F
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Keywords Human immunodeficiency virus
Genital herpes
Herpes simplex virus
Sexually transmitted infections
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Snippet Highlights • HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time in our USAF population. • HSV-2 infection was higher in non-Caucasians and older...
•HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time in our USAF population.•HSV-2 infection was higher in non-Caucasians and older patients at HIV...
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV serology and...
BACKGROUNDHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV...
Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV...
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SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Allergy and Immunology
Female
Genital herpes
Herpes Simplex - epidemiology
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes simplex virus 1
Herpes simplex virus 2
Herpesvirus 1, Human - immunology
Herpesvirus 2, Human - immunology
HIV Infections - complications
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Infectious Disease
Male
Middle Aged
Military Personnel
Retrospective Studies
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Sexual Behavior
Sexually transmitted infections
United States
Young Adult
Title Herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and seroconversion among active duty US air force members with HIV infection
URI https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S1386653215007465
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26615389
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1753012538
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1758240571
Volume 74
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