Soleus muscle stability in wild hibernating black bears
Based on studies of fast skeletal muscles, hibernating black and brown bears resist skeletal muscle atrophy during months of reduced physical activity and not feeding. The present study examined atrophy sparing in the slow soleus muscle, known to be highly prone to disuse atrophy in humans and other...
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Published in | American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology Vol. 315; no. 2; pp. R369 - R379 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
American Physiological Society
01.08.2018
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Abstract | Based on studies of fast skeletal muscles, hibernating black and brown bears resist skeletal muscle atrophy during months of reduced physical activity and not feeding. The present study examined atrophy sparing in the slow soleus muscle, known to be highly prone to disuse atrophy in humans and other mammals. We demonstrated histochemically that the black bear soleus is rich in slow fibers, averaging 84.0 ± 6.6%. The percentages of slow fibers in fall (87.3 ± 4.9%) and during hibernation (87.1 ± 5.6%) did not differ ( P = 0.3152) from summer. The average fiber cross-sectional area to body mass ratio (48.6 ± 11.7 µm
/kg) in winter hibernating bears was not significantly different from that of summer (54.1 ± 11.8 µm
/kg, P = 0.4186) and fall (47.0 ± 9.7 µm
/kg, P = 0.9410) animals. The percentage of single hybrid fibers containing both slow and fast myosin heavy chains, detected biochemically, increased from 2.6 ± 3.8% in summer to 24.4 ± 24.4% ( P = 0.0244) during hibernation. The shortening velocities of individual hybrid fibers remained unchanged from that of pure slow and fast fibers, indicating low content of the minority myosins. Slow and fast fibers in winter bears exhibited elevated specific tension (kN/m
; 22%, P = 0.0161 and 11%, P = 0.0404, respectively) and maintained normalized power. The relative stability of fiber type percentage and size, fiber size-to-body mass ratio, myosin heavy chain isoform content, shortening velocity, power output, and elevated specific tension during hibernation validates the ability of the black bear to preserve the biochemical and performance characteristics of the soleus muscle during prolonged hibernation. |
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AbstractList | Based on studies of fast skeletal muscles, hibernating black and brown bears resist skeletal muscle atrophy during months of reduced physical activity and not feeding. The present study examined atrophy sparing in the slow soleus muscle, known to be highly prone to disuse atrophy in humans and other mammals. We demonstrated histochemically that the black bear soleus is rich in slow fibers, averaging 84.0 ± 6.6%. The percentages of slow fibers in fall (87.3 ± 4.9%) and during hibernation (87.1 ± 5.6%) did not differ ( P = 0.3152) from summer. The average fiber cross-sectional area to body mass ratio (48.6 ± 11.7 µm
2
/kg) in winter hibernating bears was not significantly different from that of summer (54.1 ± 11.8 µm
2
/kg, P = 0.4186) and fall (47.0 ± 9.7 µm
2
/kg, P = 0.9410) animals. The percentage of single hybrid fibers containing both slow and fast myosin heavy chains, detected biochemically, increased from 2.6 ± 3.8% in summer to 24.4 ± 24.4% ( P = 0.0244) during hibernation. The shortening velocities of individual hybrid fibers remained unchanged from that of pure slow and fast fibers, indicating low content of the minority myosins. Slow and fast fibers in winter bears exhibited elevated specific tension (kN/m
2
; 22%, P = 0.0161 and 11%, P = 0.0404, respectively) and maintained normalized power. The relative stability of fiber type percentage and size, fiber size-to-body mass ratio, myosin heavy chain isoform content, shortening velocity, power output, and elevated specific tension during hibernation validates the ability of the black bear to preserve the biochemical and performance characteristics of the soleus muscle during prolonged hibernation. Based on studies of fast skeletal muscles, hibernating black and brown bears resist skeletal muscle atrophy during months of reduced physical activity and not feeding. The present study examined atrophy sparing in the slow soleus muscle, known to be highly prone to disuse atrophy in humans and other mammals. We demonstrated histochemically that the black bear soleus is rich in slow fibers, averaging 84.0 ± 6.6%. The percentages of slow fibers in fall (87.3 ± 4.9%) and during hibernation (87.1 ± 5.6%) did not differ (P = 0.3152) from summer. The average fiber cross-sectional area to body mass ratio (48.6 ± 11.7 µm2/kg) in winter hibernating bears was not significantly different from that of summer (54.1 ± 11.8 µm2/kg, P = 0.4186) and fall (47.0 ± 9.7 µm2/kg, P = 0.9410) animals. The percentage of single hybrid fibers containing both slow and fast myosin heavy chains, detected biochemically, increased from 2.6 ± 3.8% in summer to 24.4 ± 24.4% (P = 0.0244) during hibernation. The shortening velocities of individual hybrid fibers remained unchanged from that of pure slow and fast fibers, indicating low content of the minority myosins. Slow and fast fibers in winter bears exhibited elevated specific tension (kN/m2; 22%, P = 0.0161 and 11%, P = 0.0404, respectively) and maintained normalized power. The relative stability of fiber type percentage and size, fiber size-to-body mass ratio, myosin heavy chain isoform content, shortening velocity, power output, and elevated specific tension during hibernation validates the ability of the black bear to preserve the biochemical and performance characteristics of the soleus muscle during prolonged hibernation. Based on studies of fast skeletal muscles, hibernating black and brown bears resist skeletal muscle atrophy during months of reduced physical activity and not feeding. The present study examined atrophy sparing in the slow soleus muscle, known to be highly prone to disuse atrophy in humans and other mammals. We demonstrated histochemically that the black bear soleus is rich in slow fibers, averaging 84.0 ± 6.6%. The percentages of slow fibers in fall (87.3 ± 4.9%) and during hibernation (87.1 ± 5.6%) did not differ ( P = 0.3152) from summer. The average fiber cross-sectional area to body mass ratio (48.6 ± 11.7 µm /kg) in winter hibernating bears was not significantly different from that of summer (54.1 ± 11.8 µm /kg, P = 0.4186) and fall (47.0 ± 9.7 µm /kg, P = 0.9410) animals. The percentage of single hybrid fibers containing both slow and fast myosin heavy chains, detected biochemically, increased from 2.6 ± 3.8% in summer to 24.4 ± 24.4% ( P = 0.0244) during hibernation. The shortening velocities of individual hybrid fibers remained unchanged from that of pure slow and fast fibers, indicating low content of the minority myosins. Slow and fast fibers in winter bears exhibited elevated specific tension (kN/m ; 22%, P = 0.0161 and 11%, P = 0.0404, respectively) and maintained normalized power. The relative stability of fiber type percentage and size, fiber size-to-body mass ratio, myosin heavy chain isoform content, shortening velocity, power output, and elevated specific tension during hibernation validates the ability of the black bear to preserve the biochemical and performance characteristics of the soleus muscle during prolonged hibernation. |
Author | Trappe, T Vogel, V Trappe, S Van Dyke, J M Bain, J L W Riley, D A Curry, B D Costill, D L Schuett, R Minchev, K |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0263085 crossref_primary_10_1242_jeb_200832 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00360_024_01543_7 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphys_2021_634953 crossref_primary_10_1152_ajpregu_00151_2019 crossref_primary_10_3390_muscles2010003 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12983_019_0312_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2021_687501 |
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Snippet | Based on studies of fast skeletal muscles, hibernating black and brown bears resist skeletal muscle atrophy during months of reduced physical activity and not... |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Atrophy Bears Body mass Body mass index Body size Chains Electron Transport Complex IV - metabolism Energy Metabolism Female Fibers Glycogen - metabolism Hibernation Male Mitochondria, Muscle - metabolism Muscle Contraction Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch - physiology Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch - physiology Muscle function Muscle Strength Muscle, Skeletal - cytology Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Muscles Muscular Atrophy - metabolism Muscular Atrophy - physiopathology Muscular Atrophy - prevention & control Myosin Myosin Heavy Chains - metabolism Phenotype Physical activity Physical fitness Skeletal muscle Soleus muscle Stability Summer Tension Time Factors Ursidae - metabolism Ursidae - physiology Winter |
Title | Soleus muscle stability in wild hibernating black bears |
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