Linkage conversions in single-crystalline covalent organic frameworks
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful characterization technique that enables the determination of atomic arrangements in crystalline materials. Growing or retaining large single crystals amenable to it has, however, remained challenging with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially s...
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| Published in | Nature chemistry Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 114 - 121 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.01.2024
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful characterization technique that enables the determination of atomic arrangements in crystalline materials. Growing or retaining large single crystals amenable to it has, however, remained challenging with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially suffering from post-synthetic modifications. Here we show the synthesis of a flexible COF with interpenetrated qtz topology by polymerization of tetra(phenyl)bimesityl-based tetraaldehyde and tetraamine building blocks. The material is shown to be flexible through its large, anisotropic positive thermal expansion along the
c
axis (
α
c
= +491 × 10
–6
K
–1
), as well as through a structural transformation on the removal of solvent molecules from its pores. The as-synthesized and desolvated materials undergo single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation by reduction and oxidation of its imine linkages to amine and amide ones, respectively. These redox-induced linkage conversions endow the resulting COFs with improved stability towards strong acid; loading of phosphoric acid leads to anhydrous proton conductivity up to ca. 6.0 × 10
−2
S cm
−1
.
Covalent organic frameworks offer a highly tunable class of materials for a range of applications, although their dynamic structural transformations are challenging to analyse. Now single-crystal X-ray diffraction is shown to demonstrate single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations of the imine linkages, showing a well-defined interpenetrating topology and affording structures that have high positive thermal expansion and anhydrous proton-conduction properties. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful characterization technique that enables the determination of atomic arrangements in crystalline materials. Growing or retaining large single crystals amenable to it has, however, remained challenging with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially suffering from post-synthetic modifications. Here we show the synthesis of a flexible COF with interpenetrated qtz topology by polymerization of tetra(phenyl)bimesityl-based tetraaldehyde and tetraamine building blocks. The material is shown to be flexible through its large, anisotropic positive thermal expansion along the c axis (αc = +491 × 10-6 K-1), as well as through a structural transformation on the removal of solvent molecules from its pores. The as-synthesized and desolvated materials undergo single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation by reduction and oxidation of its imine linkages to amine and amide ones, respectively. These redox-induced linkage conversions endow the resulting COFs with improved stability towards strong acid; loading of phosphoric acid leads to anhydrous proton conductivity up to ca. 6.0 × 10-2 S cm-1.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful characterization technique that enables the determination of atomic arrangements in crystalline materials. Growing or retaining large single crystals amenable to it has, however, remained challenging with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially suffering from post-synthetic modifications. Here we show the synthesis of a flexible COF with interpenetrated qtz topology by polymerization of tetra(phenyl)bimesityl-based tetraaldehyde and tetraamine building blocks. The material is shown to be flexible through its large, anisotropic positive thermal expansion along the c axis (αc = +491 × 10-6 K-1), as well as through a structural transformation on the removal of solvent molecules from its pores. The as-synthesized and desolvated materials undergo single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation by reduction and oxidation of its imine linkages to amine and amide ones, respectively. These redox-induced linkage conversions endow the resulting COFs with improved stability towards strong acid; loading of phosphoric acid leads to anhydrous proton conductivity up to ca. 6.0 × 10-2 S cm-1. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful characterization technique that enables the determination of atomic arrangements in crystalline materials. Growing or retaining large single crystals amenable to it has, however, remained challenging with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially suffering from post-synthetic modifications. Here we show the synthesis of a flexible COF with interpenetrated qtz topology by polymerization of tetra(phenyl)bimesityl-based tetraaldehyde and tetraamine building blocks. The material is shown to be flexible through its large, anisotropic positive thermal expansion along the c axis (αc = +491 × 10–6 K–1), as well as through a structural transformation on the removal of solvent molecules from its pores. The as-synthesized and desolvated materials undergo single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation by reduction and oxidation of its imine linkages to amine and amide ones, respectively. These redox-induced linkage conversions endow the resulting COFs with improved stability towards strong acid; loading of phosphoric acid leads to anhydrous proton conductivity up to ca. 6.0 × 10−2 S cm−1.Covalent organic frameworks offer a highly tunable class of materials for a range of applications, although their dynamic structural transformations are challenging to analyse. Now single-crystal X-ray diffraction is shown to demonstrate single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations of the imine linkages, showing a well-defined interpenetrating topology and affording structures that have high positive thermal expansion and anhydrous proton-conduction properties. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful characterization technique that enables the determination of atomic arrangements in crystalline materials. Growing or retaining large single crystals amenable to it has, however, remained challenging with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially suffering from post-synthetic modifications. Here we show the synthesis of a flexible COF with interpenetrated qtz topology by polymerization of tetra(phenyl)bimesityl-based tetraaldehyde and tetraamine building blocks. The material is shown to be flexible through its large, anisotropic positive thermal expansion along the c axis (α = +491 × 10 K ), as well as through a structural transformation on the removal of solvent molecules from its pores. The as-synthesized and desolvated materials undergo single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation by reduction and oxidation of its imine linkages to amine and amide ones, respectively. These redox-induced linkage conversions endow the resulting COFs with improved stability towards strong acid; loading of phosphoric acid leads to anhydrous proton conductivity up to ca. 6.0 × 10 S cm . Single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a powerful characterization technique that enables the determination of atomic arrangements in crystalline materials. Growing or retaining large single crystals amenable to it has, however, remained challenging with covalent organic frameworks (COFs), especially suffering from post-synthetic modifications. Here we show the synthesis of a flexible COF with interpenetrated qtz topology by polymerization of tetra(phenyl)bimesityl-based tetraaldehyde and tetraamine building blocks. The material is shown to be flexible through its large, anisotropic positive thermal expansion along the c axis ( α c = +491 × 10 –6 K –1 ), as well as through a structural transformation on the removal of solvent molecules from its pores. The as-synthesized and desolvated materials undergo single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation by reduction and oxidation of its imine linkages to amine and amide ones, respectively. These redox-induced linkage conversions endow the resulting COFs with improved stability towards strong acid; loading of phosphoric acid leads to anhydrous proton conductivity up to ca. 6.0 × 10 −2 S cm −1 . Covalent organic frameworks offer a highly tunable class of materials for a range of applications, although their dynamic structural transformations are challenging to analyse. Now single-crystal X-ray diffraction is shown to demonstrate single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations of the imine linkages, showing a well-defined interpenetrating topology and affording structures that have high positive thermal expansion and anhydrous proton-conduction properties. |
| Author | Zhang, Zhenguo Wang, Kang Li, Qian-Wen Liu, Xiaolin Wang, Hailong Yu, Baoqiu Jin, Yucheng Wu, Hui Zhou, Wei Chen, Banglin Jiang, Jianzhuang Li, Jing-Hong Lin, Rui-Biao Lu, Shanfu Fu, Zhi-Hua Yan, Zier Xu, Gang |
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givenname: Zhi-Hua surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Zhi-Hua organization: State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 5 givenname: Hui orcidid: 0000-0003-0296-5204 surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Hui organization: Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology – sequence: 6 givenname: Wei orcidid: 0000-0002-5461-3617 surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Wei organization: Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology – sequence: 7 givenname: Shanfu surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Shanfu organization: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University – sequence: 8 givenname: Qian-Wen surname: Li fullname: Li, Qian-Wen organization: State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 9 givenname: Yucheng orcidid: 0000-0002-7008-4938 surname: Jin fullname: Jin, Yucheng organization: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing – sequence: 10 givenname: Jing-Hong surname: Li fullname: Li, Jing-Hong organization: MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University – sequence: 11 givenname: Zhenguo surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Zhenguo organization: Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University – sequence: 12 givenname: Hailong orcidid: 0000-0002-0138-2966 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Hailong email: hlwang@ustb.edu.cn organization: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing – sequence: 13 givenname: Zier surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Zier organization: Rigaku Beijing Corporation – sequence: 14 givenname: Xiaolin surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Xiaolin organization: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing – sequence: 15 givenname: Kang orcidid: 0000-0001-9405-5499 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Kang organization: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing – sequence: 16 givenname: Banglin orcidid: 0000-0001-8707-8115 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Banglin email: banglin.chen@fjnu.edu.cn organization: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University – sequence: 17 givenname: Jianzhuang orcidid: 0000-0003-0454-9685 surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Jianzhuang email: jianzhuang@ustb.edu.cn organization: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37723258$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Title | Linkage conversions in single-crystalline covalent organic frameworks |
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