Human uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction shows therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis in immunodeficient rats via direct effects of transplanted M2 macrophages
The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA), however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, thi...
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Published in | Stem cell research & therapy Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 325 - 13 |
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Abstract | The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA), however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the SVF on OA in a human-immunodeficient rat xenotransplantation model.
OA model was induced in the knees of female immunodeficient rats by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Immediately after the surgery, human SVF (1 × 10
), ADSCs (1 × 10
), or phosphate buffered saline as a control group were transplanted into the knees. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, OA progression and synovitis were analyzed by macroscopic and histological analyses, and the expression of collagen II, SOX9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, F4/80, CD86 (M1), CD163 (M2), and human nuclear antigen (hNA) were evaluated immunohistochemically. In vitro, flow cytometry was performed to collect CD163-positive cells as M2Φ from the SVF. Chondrocyte pellets (1 × 10
) were co-cultured with SVF (1 × 10
), M2Φ (1 × 10
), and ADSCs (1 × 10
) or alone as a control group, and the pellet size was compared. TGF-β, IL-10 and MMP-13 concentrations in the medium were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
In comparison with the control and ADSC groups, the SVF group showed significantly slower OA progression and less synovitis with higher expression of collagen II and SOX9, lower expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, and lower F4/80 and M1/M2 ratio in the synovium. Only the SVF group showed partial expression of hNA-, CD163-, and F4/80-positive cells in the rat synovium. In vitro, the SVF, M2Φ, ADSC and control groups, in that order, showed larger pellet sizes, higher TGF-β and IL-10, and lower MMP-13 concentrations.
The M2Φ in the transplanted SVF directly affected recipient tissue, enhancing the secretion of growth factors and chondrocyte-protecting cytokines, and partially improving chondrocytes and joint homeostasis. These findings indicate that the SVF is as an effective option for regenerative therapy for OA, with mechanisms different from those of ADSCs. |
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AbstractList | The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA), however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the SVF on OA in a human-immunodeficient rat xenotransplantation model. OA model was induced in the knees of female immunodeficient rats by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Immediately after the surgery, human SVF (1 x 10.sup.5), ADSCs (1 x 10.sup.4), or phosphate buffered saline as a control group were transplanted into the knees. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, OA progression and synovitis were analyzed by macroscopic and histological analyses, and the expression of collagen II, SOX9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, F4/80, CD86 (M1), CD163 (M2), and human nuclear antigen (hNA) were evaluated immunohistochemically. In vitro, flow cytometry was performed to collect CD163-positive cells as M2Φ from the SVF. Chondrocyte pellets (1 x 10.sup.5) were co-cultured with SVF (1 x 10.sup.5), M2Φ (1 x 10.sup.4), and ADSCs (1 x 10.sup.4) or alone as a control group, and the pellet size was compared. TGF-[beta], IL-10 and MMP-13 concentrations in the medium were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In comparison with the control and ADSC groups, the SVF group showed significantly slower OA progression and less synovitis with higher expression of collagen II and SOX9, lower expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, and lower F4/80 and M1/M2 ratio in the synovium. Only the SVF group showed partial expression of hNA-, CD163-, and F4/80-positive cells in the rat synovium. In vitro, the SVF, M2Φ, ADSC and control groups, in that order, showed larger pellet sizes, higher TGF-[beta] and IL-10, and lower MMP-13 concentrations. The M2Φ in the transplanted SVF directly affected recipient tissue, enhancing the secretion of growth factors and chondrocyte-protecting cytokines, and partially improving chondrocytes and joint homeostasis. These findings indicate that the SVF is as an effective option for regenerative therapy for OA, with mechanisms different from those of ADSCs. The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA), however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the SVF on OA in a human-immunodeficient rat xenotransplantation model. OA model was induced in the knees of female immunodeficient rats by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Immediately after the surgery, human SVF (1 × 10 ), ADSCs (1 × 10 ), or phosphate buffered saline as a control group were transplanted into the knees. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, OA progression and synovitis were analyzed by macroscopic and histological analyses, and the expression of collagen II, SOX9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, F4/80, CD86 (M1), CD163 (M2), and human nuclear antigen (hNA) were evaluated immunohistochemically. In vitro, flow cytometry was performed to collect CD163-positive cells as M2Φ from the SVF. Chondrocyte pellets (1 × 10 ) were co-cultured with SVF (1 × 10 ), M2Φ (1 × 10 ), and ADSCs (1 × 10 ) or alone as a control group, and the pellet size was compared. TGF-β, IL-10 and MMP-13 concentrations in the medium were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In comparison with the control and ADSC groups, the SVF group showed significantly slower OA progression and less synovitis with higher expression of collagen II and SOX9, lower expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, and lower F4/80 and M1/M2 ratio in the synovium. Only the SVF group showed partial expression of hNA-, CD163-, and F4/80-positive cells in the rat synovium. In vitro, the SVF, M2Φ, ADSC and control groups, in that order, showed larger pellet sizes, higher TGF-β and IL-10, and lower MMP-13 concentrations. The M2Φ in the transplanted SVF directly affected recipient tissue, enhancing the secretion of growth factors and chondrocyte-protecting cytokines, and partially improving chondrocytes and joint homeostasis. These findings indicate that the SVF is as an effective option for regenerative therapy for OA, with mechanisms different from those of ADSCs. Background The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA), however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the SVF on OA in a human-immunodeficient rat xenotransplantation model. Methods OA model was induced in the knees of female immunodeficient rats by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Immediately after the surgery, human SVF (1 x 10.sup.5), ADSCs (1 x 10.sup.4), or phosphate buffered saline as a control group were transplanted into the knees. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, OA progression and synovitis were analyzed by macroscopic and histological analyses, and the expression of collagen II, SOX9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, F4/80, CD86 (M1), CD163 (M2), and human nuclear antigen (hNA) were evaluated immunohistochemically. In vitro, flow cytometry was performed to collect CD163-positive cells as M2Φ from the SVF. Chondrocyte pellets (1 x 10.sup.5) were co-cultured with SVF (1 x 10.sup.5), M2Φ (1 x 10.sup.4), and ADSCs (1 x 10.sup.4) or alone as a control group, and the pellet size was compared. TGF-[beta], IL-10 and MMP-13 concentrations in the medium were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In comparison with the control and ADSC groups, the SVF group showed significantly slower OA progression and less synovitis with higher expression of collagen II and SOX9, lower expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, and lower F4/80 and M1/M2 ratio in the synovium. Only the SVF group showed partial expression of hNA-, CD163-, and F4/80-positive cells in the rat synovium. In vitro, the SVF, M2Φ, ADSC and control groups, in that order, showed larger pellet sizes, higher TGF-[beta] and IL-10, and lower MMP-13 concentrations. Conclusions The M2Φ in the transplanted SVF directly affected recipient tissue, enhancing the secretion of growth factors and chondrocyte-protecting cytokines, and partially improving chondrocytes and joint homeostasis. These findings indicate that the SVF is as an effective option for regenerative therapy for OA, with mechanisms different from those of ADSCs. Keywords: Stromal vascular fraction, M2 macrophages, Adipose-derived stromal cells, Osteoarthritis, Synovitis, Xenotransplantation, Rat model The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA), however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the SVF on OA in a human-immunodeficient rat xenotransplantation model.BACKGROUNDThe uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA), however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the SVF on OA in a human-immunodeficient rat xenotransplantation model.OA model was induced in the knees of female immunodeficient rats by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Immediately after the surgery, human SVF (1 × 105), ADSCs (1 × 104), or phosphate buffered saline as a control group were transplanted into the knees. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, OA progression and synovitis were analyzed by macroscopic and histological analyses, and the expression of collagen II, SOX9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, F4/80, CD86 (M1), CD163 (M2), and human nuclear antigen (hNA) were evaluated immunohistochemically. In vitro, flow cytometry was performed to collect CD163-positive cells as M2Φ from the SVF. Chondrocyte pellets (1 × 105) were co-cultured with SVF (1 × 105), M2Φ (1 × 104), and ADSCs (1 × 104) or alone as a control group, and the pellet size was compared. TGF-β, IL-10 and MMP-13 concentrations in the medium were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.METHODSOA model was induced in the knees of female immunodeficient rats by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Immediately after the surgery, human SVF (1 × 105), ADSCs (1 × 104), or phosphate buffered saline as a control group were transplanted into the knees. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, OA progression and synovitis were analyzed by macroscopic and histological analyses, and the expression of collagen II, SOX9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, F4/80, CD86 (M1), CD163 (M2), and human nuclear antigen (hNA) were evaluated immunohistochemically. In vitro, flow cytometry was performed to collect CD163-positive cells as M2Φ from the SVF. Chondrocyte pellets (1 × 105) were co-cultured with SVF (1 × 105), M2Φ (1 × 104), and ADSCs (1 × 104) or alone as a control group, and the pellet size was compared. TGF-β, IL-10 and MMP-13 concentrations in the medium were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.In comparison with the control and ADSC groups, the SVF group showed significantly slower OA progression and less synovitis with higher expression of collagen II and SOX9, lower expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, and lower F4/80 and M1/M2 ratio in the synovium. Only the SVF group showed partial expression of hNA-, CD163-, and F4/80-positive cells in the rat synovium. In vitro, the SVF, M2Φ, ADSC and control groups, in that order, showed larger pellet sizes, higher TGF-β and IL-10, and lower MMP-13 concentrations.RESULTSIn comparison with the control and ADSC groups, the SVF group showed significantly slower OA progression and less synovitis with higher expression of collagen II and SOX9, lower expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, and lower F4/80 and M1/M2 ratio in the synovium. Only the SVF group showed partial expression of hNA-, CD163-, and F4/80-positive cells in the rat synovium. In vitro, the SVF, M2Φ, ADSC and control groups, in that order, showed larger pellet sizes, higher TGF-β and IL-10, and lower MMP-13 concentrations.The M2Φ in the transplanted SVF directly affected recipient tissue, enhancing the secretion of growth factors and chondrocyte-protecting cytokines, and partially improving chondrocytes and joint homeostasis. These findings indicate that the SVF is as an effective option for regenerative therapy for OA, with mechanisms different from those of ADSCs.CONCLUSIONSThe M2Φ in the transplanted SVF directly affected recipient tissue, enhancing the secretion of growth factors and chondrocyte-protecting cytokines, and partially improving chondrocytes and joint homeostasis. These findings indicate that the SVF is as an effective option for regenerative therapy for OA, with mechanisms different from those of ADSCs. Abstract Background The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis (OA), however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the SVF on OA in a human-immunodeficient rat xenotransplantation model. Methods OA model was induced in the knees of female immunodeficient rats by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Immediately after the surgery, human SVF (1 × 105), ADSCs (1 × 104), or phosphate buffered saline as a control group were transplanted into the knees. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, OA progression and synovitis were analyzed by macroscopic and histological analyses, and the expression of collagen II, SOX9, MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, F4/80, CD86 (M1), CD163 (M2), and human nuclear antigen (hNA) were evaluated immunohistochemically. In vitro, flow cytometry was performed to collect CD163-positive cells as M2Φ from the SVF. Chondrocyte pellets (1 × 105) were co-cultured with SVF (1 × 105), M2Φ (1 × 104), and ADSCs (1 × 104) or alone as a control group, and the pellet size was compared. TGF-β, IL-10 and MMP-13 concentrations in the medium were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In comparison with the control and ADSC groups, the SVF group showed significantly slower OA progression and less synovitis with higher expression of collagen II and SOX9, lower expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5, and lower F4/80 and M1/M2 ratio in the synovium. Only the SVF group showed partial expression of hNA-, CD163-, and F4/80-positive cells in the rat synovium. In vitro, the SVF, M2Φ, ADSC and control groups, in that order, showed larger pellet sizes, higher TGF-β and IL-10, and lower MMP-13 concentrations. Conclusions The M2Φ in the transplanted SVF directly affected recipient tissue, enhancing the secretion of growth factors and chondrocyte-protecting cytokines, and partially improving chondrocytes and joint homeostasis. These findings indicate that the SVF is as an effective option for regenerative therapy for OA, with mechanisms different from those of ADSCs. |
ArticleNumber | 325 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Hayashi, Shinya Maeda, Takuma Suda, Yoshihito Ikuta, Kemmei Matsumoto, Tomoyuki Nakano, Naoki Kuroda, Ryosuke Tachibana, Shotaro Wada, Kensuke Iwaguro, Hideki Saitoh, Akira Kuroda, Yuichi Hiranaka, Takafumi Kamenaga, Tomoyuki Onoi, Yuma Anjiki, Kensuke Tsubosaka, Masanori Matsushita, Takehiko Sobajima, Satoshi |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yuma surname: Onoi fullname: Onoi, Yuma organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Tomoyuki orcidid: 0000-0003-4587-0029 surname: Matsumoto fullname: Matsumoto, Tomoyuki email: matsun@m4.dion.ne.jp organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. matsun@m4.dion.ne.jp – sequence: 3 givenname: Kensuke surname: Anjiki fullname: Anjiki, Kensuke organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Shinya surname: Hayashi fullname: Hayashi, Shinya organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Naoki surname: Nakano fullname: Nakano, Naoki organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Yuichi surname: Kuroda fullname: Kuroda, Yuichi organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Masanori surname: Tsubosaka fullname: Tsubosaka, Masanori organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: Tomoyuki surname: Kamenaga fullname: Kamenaga, Tomoyuki organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 9 givenname: Kemmei surname: Ikuta fullname: Ikuta, Kemmei organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 10 givenname: Shotaro surname: Tachibana fullname: Tachibana, Shotaro organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 11 givenname: Yoshihito surname: Suda fullname: Suda, Yoshihito organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 12 givenname: Kensuke surname: Wada fullname: Wada, Kensuke organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 13 givenname: Takuma surname: Maeda fullname: Maeda, Takuma organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 14 givenname: Akira surname: Saitoh fullname: Saitoh, Akira organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 15 givenname: Takafumi surname: Hiranaka fullname: Hiranaka, Takafumi organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Joint Surgery Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 16 givenname: Satoshi surname: Sobajima fullname: Sobajima, Satoshi organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 17 givenname: Hideki surname: Iwaguro fullname: Iwaguro, Hideki organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, Osaka, Japan – sequence: 18 givenname: Takehiko surname: Matsushita fullname: Matsushita, Takehiko organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan – sequence: 19 givenname: Ryosuke surname: Kuroda fullname: Kuroda, Ryosuke organization: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan |
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Keywords | M2 macrophages Rat model Synovitis Adipose-derived stromal cells Xenotransplantation Stromal vascular fraction Osteoarthritis |
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References | S Zamani (3946_CR42) 2014; 3 K Anjiki (3946_CR30) 2023; 19 H Iijima (3946_CR34) 2014; 22 AW James (3946_CR56) 2017; 171 T Kamenaga (3946_CR52) 2021; 12 Y Sun (3946_CR46) 2020; 21 Y Wang (3946_CR20) 2001; 114 A Crowe (3946_CR40) 2019; 36 A van Dijk (3946_CR6) 2011; 7 HY Qureshi (3946_CR18) 2005; 203 L Utomo (3946_CR47) 2021; 39 JK Fraser (3946_CR7) 2004; 36 S Shi (3946_CR41) 2015; 116 Z Hong (3946_CR13) 2019; 43 S Ito (3946_CR10) 2017; 47 C Manferdini (3946_CR28) 2017; 25 F Iannone (3946_CR22) 2002; 41 T Katagiri (3946_CR11) 2020; 10 H Zhang (3946_CR45) 2018; 77 K O’Brien (3946_CR48) 2017; 18 EW Orlowsky (3946_CR54) 2015; 42 T Shirai (3946_CR43) 2011; 29 HY Qureshi (3946_CR19) 2008; 1783 B Rüger (3946_CR58) 2004; 50 PA Zuk (3946_CR2) 2001; 7 P Verma (3946_CR44) 2011; 112 G Marino (3946_CR8) 2013; 185 SS Glasson (3946_CR33) 2007; 15 M Fujita (3946_CR32) 2022; 237 I Sekiya (3946_CR53) 2021; 22 Y Onoi (3946_CR15) 2023; 24 N Agarwal (3946_CR1) 2021; 10 3946_CR17 P Luo (3946_CR55) 2023; 16 WL Parker (3946_CR23) 2007; 15 CN Lumeng (3946_CR25) 2008; 57 EC Perin (3946_CR9) 2014; 168 C Manferdini (3946_CR27) 2013; 65 Y Onoi (3946_CR31) 2019; 11 M Potente (3946_CR26) 2011; 146 I Mattiola (3946_CR39) 2015; 195 Z Feng (3946_CR3) 2010; 25 KPH Pritzker (3946_CR36) 2006; 14 R Schuster (3946_CR57) 2021; 302 M Hayashi (3946_CR35) 2008; 10 ME Morris (3946_CR24) 2015; 4 M Pomatto (3946_CR5) 2021; 22 N Yokota (3946_CR12) 2017; 6 M Dai (3946_CR50) 2018; 180 J Yamada (3946_CR38) 2014; 2014 M Tsubosaka (3946_CR14) 2020; 21 M Li (3946_CR4) 2018; 6 H Zhang (3946_CR49) 2020; 28 P Wojdasiewicz (3946_CR21) 2014; 2014 K Kamada (3946_CR29) 2021; 10 T Inokuchi (3946_CR51) 2017; 45 JA Aronowitz (3946_CR16) 2015; 4 VB Kraus (3946_CR37) 2010; 18 |
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Snippet | The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has shown... Background The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and... The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ) and others, has... Abstract Background The uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), consisting of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs), M2 macrophages (M2Φ)... |
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SubjectTerms | Adipose Tissue - cytology Adipose-derived stromal cells Animals Chondrocytes - cytology Chondrocytes - metabolism Collagen Disease Models, Animal Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Enzymes Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Female Health aspects Humans M2 macrophages Macrophages Macrophages - metabolism Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis - pathology Osteoarthritis - therapy Phosphates Rats Stromal vascular fraction Stromal Vascular Fraction - metabolism Synovitis Transforming growth factors Xenotransplantation |
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Title | Human uncultured adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction shows therapeutic potential against osteoarthritis in immunodeficient rats via direct effects of transplanted M2 macrophages |
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