Entrepreneurship and Risk Taking

According to the definition of entrepreneurship and everyday observation, entrepreneurs are perceived as more risk prone than other people. However, laboratory studies do not provide conclusive support for this claim. In our study, three groups of students served as subjects. One group of students d...

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Published inApplied psychology Vol. 58; no. 3; pp. 469 - 487
Main Authors Macko, Anna, Tyszka, Tadeusz
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2009
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Abstract According to the definition of entrepreneurship and everyday observation, entrepreneurs are perceived as more risk prone than other people. However, laboratory studies do not provide conclusive support for this claim. In our study, three groups of students served as subjects. One group of students did not express any intention of starting up their own business in the near future. The second group consisted of students who had participated in a special course designed for future entrepreneurs. The third group consisted of students or alumni who became entrepreneurs before graduating. In accordance with Knight's claim, we found that actual entrepreneurs revealed the highest, and students who did not express an intention of starting their own business the lowest, level of self‐confidence of all groups participating in the experiment. On the other hand, in well‐defined risky situations we did not confirm a hypothesis that would‐be entrepreneurs or actual entrepreneurs were more risk prone than students with no intention of starting a business. Yet, in naturalistic‐business risky situations we found more risky choices among entrepreneurs than among non‐entrepreneurs. Conformément à la définition même de l'esprit d'entreprise et à l'observation quotidienne, les entrepreneurs sont perçus comme étant plus enclins que les autres personnes à prendre des risques. Seulement, les recherches expérimentales ne confirment pas de façon définitive cette conception. Notre étude a porté sur trois groupes d'étudiants. L'un des groupes n'avait aucunement l'intention de créer une entreprise dans un avenir prévisible. Le deuxième groupe était composé d'étudiants qui suivaient un cours spécialement destiné aux futurs entrepreneurs. Le troisième groupe rassemblait des étudiants ou d'anciens étudiants qui devinrent entrepreneurs avant d'être diplômés. En accord avec les propositions de Knight, on a constaté que les entrepreneurs étaient ceux qui avaient la plus forte confiance en eux‐mêmes et les jeunes qui n'éprouvaient aucune vocation d'entrepreneur la plus faible. D'autre part, face à des situations de risque bien précises, il fut impossible de corroborer l'hypothèse que les aspirants entrepreneurs ou les chefs d'entreprise étaient plus portés sur le risque que les étudiants n'ayant aucunement l'intention de fonder une entreprise. Toutefois, devant des décisions risquées dans des situations concrètes industrielles ou commerciales, on a observé plus de choix aventureux chez les entrepreneurs que chez ceux qui ne l'étaient pas.
AbstractList According to the definition of entrepreneurship and everyday observation, entrepreneurs are perceived as more risk prone than other people. However, laboratory studies do not provide conclusive support for this claim. In our study, three groups of students served as subjects. One group of students did not express any intention of starting up their own business in the near future. The second group consisted of students who had participated in a special course designed for future entrepreneurs. The third group consisted of students or alumni who became entrepreneurs before graduating. In accordance with Knight's claim, we found that actual entrepreneurs revealed the highest, and students who did not express an intention of starting their own business the lowest, level of self-confidence of all groups participating in the experiment. On the other hand, in well-defined risky situations we did not confirm a hypothesis that would-be entrepreneurs or actual entrepreneurs were more risk prone than students with no intention of starting a business. Yet, in naturalistic-business risky situations we found more risky choices among entrepreneurs than among non-entrepreneurs. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
According to the definition of entrepreneurship and everyday observation, entrepreneurs are perceived as more risk prone than other people. However, laboratory studies do not provide conclusive support for this claim. In our study, three groups of students served as subjects. One group of students did not express any intention of starting up their own business in the near future. The second group consisted of students who had participated in a special course designed for future entrepreneurs. The third group consisted of students or alumni who became entrepreneurs before graduating. In accordance with Knight's claim, we found that actual entrepreneurs revealed the highest, and students who did not express an intention of starting their own business the lowest, level of self‐confidence of all groups participating in the experiment. On the other hand, in well‐defined risky situations we did not confirm a hypothesis that would‐be entrepreneurs or actual entrepreneurs were more risk prone than students with no intention of starting a business. Yet, in naturalistic‐business risky situations we found more risky choices among entrepreneurs than among non‐entrepreneurs. Conformément à la définition même de l'esprit d'entreprise et à l'observation quotidienne, les entrepreneurs sont perçus comme étant plus enclins que les autres personnes à prendre des risques. Seulement, les recherches expérimentales ne confirment pas de façon définitive cette conception. Notre étude a porté sur trois groupes d'étudiants. L'un des groupes n'avait aucunement l'intention de créer une entreprise dans un avenir prévisible. Le deuxième groupe était composé d'étudiants qui suivaient un cours spécialement destiné aux futurs entrepreneurs. Le troisième groupe rassemblait des étudiants ou d'anciens étudiants qui devinrent entrepreneurs avant d'être diplômés. En accord avec les propositions de Knight, on a constaté que les entrepreneurs étaient ceux qui avaient la plus forte confiance en eux‐mêmes et les jeunes qui n'éprouvaient aucune vocation d'entrepreneur la plus faible. D'autre part, face à des situations de risque bien précises, il fut impossible de corroborer l'hypothèse que les aspirants entrepreneurs ou les chefs d'entreprise étaient plus portés sur le risque que les étudiants n'ayant aucunement l'intention de fonder une entreprise. Toutefois, devant des décisions risquées dans des situations concrètes industrielles ou commerciales, on a observé plus de choix aventureux chez les entrepreneurs que chez ceux qui ne l'étaient pas.
According to the definition of entrepreneurship and everyday observation, entrepreneurs are perceived as more risk prone than other people. However, laboratory studies do not provide conclusive support for this claim. In our study, three groups of students served as subjects. One group of students did not express any intention of starting up their own business in the near future. The second group consisted of students who had participated in a special course designed for future entrepreneurs. The third group consisted of students or alumni who became entrepreneurs before graduating. In accordance with Knight's claim, we found that actual entrepreneurs revealed the highest, and students who did not express an intention of starting their own business the lowest, level of self-confidence of all groups participating in the experiment. On the other hand, in well-defined risky situations we did not confirm a hypothesis that would-be entrepreneurs or actual entrepreneurs were more risk prone than students with no intention of starting a business. Yet, in naturalistic-business risky situations we found more risky choices among entrepreneurs than among non-entrepreneurs.Conformement a la definition meme de l'esprit d'entreprise et a l'observation quotidienne, les entrepreneurs sont percus comme etant plus enclins que les autres personnes a prendre des risques. Seulement, les recherches experimentales ne confirment pas de facon definitive cette conception. Notre etude a porte sur trois groupes d'etudiants. L'un des groupes n'avait aucunement l'intention de creer une entreprise dans un avenir previsible. Le deuxieme groupe etait compose d'etudiants qui suivaient un cours specialement destine aux futurs entrepreneurs. Le troisieme groupe rassemblait des etudiants ou d'anciens etudiants qui devinrent entrepreneurs avant d'etre diplomes. En accord avec les propositions de Knight, on a constate que les entrepreneurs etaient ceux qui avaient la plus forte confiance en eux-memes et les jeunes qui n'eprouvaient aucune vocation d'entrepreneur la plus faible. D'autre part, face a des situations de risque bien precises, il fut impossible de corroborer l'hypothese que les aspirants entrepreneurs ou les chefs d'entreprise etaient plus portes sur le risque que les etudiants n'ayant aucunement l'intention de fonder une entreprise. Toutefois, devant des decisions risquees dans des situations concretes industrielles ou commerciales, on a observe plus de choix aventureux chez les entrepreneurs que chez ceux qui ne l'etaient pas.
According to the definition of entrepreneurship and everyday observation, entrepreneurs are perceived as more risk prone than other people. However, laboratory studies do not provide conclusive support for this claim. In our study, three groups of students served as subjects. One group of students did not express any intention of starting up their own business in the near future. The second group consisted of students who had participated in a special course designed for future entrepreneurs. The third group consisted of students or alumni who became entrepreneurs before graduating. In accordance with Knight's claim, we found that actual entrepreneurs revealed the highest, and students who did not express an intention of starting their own business the lowest, level of self-confidence of all groups participating in the experiment. On the other hand, in well-defined risky situations we did not confirm a hypothesis that would-be entrepreneurs or actual entrepreneurs were more risk prone than students with no intention of starting a business. Yet, in naturalistic-business risky situations we found more risky choices among entrepreneurs than among non-entrepreneurs. Adapted from the source document.
Author Tyszka, Tadeusz
Macko, Anna
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– sequence: 2
  givenname: Tadeusz
  surname: Tyszka
  fullname: Tyszka, Tadeusz
  organization: Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management, Warsaw, Poland
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Langer, E.J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 311-328.
Begley, T., & Boyd, D. (1987). A comparison of entrepreneurs and managers of small business firms. Journal of Management, 13(1), 99-108.
Shapira, Z. (1995). Risk taking: A managerial perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Weinstein, N.D. (1984). Why it won't happen to me: Perceptions of risk factors and susceptibility. Health Psychology, 3, 431-457.
Chen, C., Greene, P.G., & Creek, A. (1998). Does self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 295-316.
Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Huber, O., Beutter, C., Montoya, J., & Huber, O.W. (2001). Risk-defusing behaviour: Towards an understanding of risky decision making. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 13, 409-426.
Heath, C., & Tversky, A. (1991). Preference and belief: Ambiguity and competence in choice under uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 4, 5-28.
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– reference: Russo, J.E., & Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1990) Decision traps: Ten barriers to brilliant decision making and how to overcome them. New York: Simon & Schuster.
– reference: Carland, J.W. III, Carland, J.W., Carland, J.C., & Pearce, J.W. (1995). Risk taking propensity among entrepreneurs, small business owners, and managers. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 15-23.
– reference: Shapira, Z. (1995). Risk taking: A managerial perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
– reference: Krueger, N., & Dickson, P.R. (1994). How believing in ourselves increases risk taking: Perceived self-efficacy and opportunity recognition. Decision Sciences, 23, 385-401.
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– reference: Begley, T., & Boyd, D. (1987). A comparison of entrepreneurs and managers of small business firms. Journal of Management, 13(1), 99-108.
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Snippet According to the definition of entrepreneurship and everyday observation, entrepreneurs are perceived as more risk prone than other people. However, laboratory...
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SubjectTerms Business students
Entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurship
Hypotheses
Laboratories
Prone
Psychology
Risk
Risk taking
Self image
Students
Studies
Title Entrepreneurship and Risk Taking
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