Degradation kinetics of biochar from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization in temperate soils
Background and Aims Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the biodegradation of a char from hydrothermal carbonization (htcBC) and pyrolysis (pyrBC) with high temporal resolution. Methods Mineralization of t...
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Published in | Plant and soil Vol. 372; no. 1/2; pp. 375 - 387 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Dordrecht
Springer
01.11.2013
Springer Netherlands Springer Nature B.V |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Background and Aims Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the biodegradation of a char from hydrothermal carbonization (htcBC) and pyrolysis (pyrBC) with high temporal resolution.
Methods Mineralization of the biochars and their shared Miscanthus feedstock in three soils was determined directly by the ¹³CO₂ efflux using a novel method incorporating wavelength scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Biochar half-life (t
½
) was estimated with three empirical models.
Results (1) The htcBC was readily biodegradable, whereas pyrBC was more recalcitrant. (2) Cumulative degradation of both biochars increased with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content. (3) The corrected Akaike information criterion (AIC
C
) showed an overall preference for the double exponential model (DEM) reflecting a labile and a recalcitrant C-pool, over the first-order degradation model (FODM) and a logarithmic model. (4) The DEM resulted in t
½
ranging from 19.7-44.5, 0.7-2.1 and 0.8-1.3 years for pyrBC, pyrBC and feedstock, respectively.
Conclusion The degradation was rather similar between feedstock and htcBC but one order of magnitude slower for pyrBC. The AIC
C
preferred FODM in two cases, where the DEM parameters indicated no distinction between a labile and recalcitrant carbon pool. |
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AbstractList | Background and Aims
Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the biodegradation of a char from hydrothermal carbonization (htcBC) and pyrolysis (pyrBC) with high temporal resolution.
Methods
Mineralization of the biochars and their shared
Miscanthus
feedstock in three soils was determined directly by the
13
CO
2
efflux using a novel method incorporating wavelength scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Biochar half-life (t
1/2
) was estimated with three empirical models.
Results
(1) The htcBC was readily biodegradable, whereas pyrBC was more recalcitrant. (2) Cumulative degradation of both biochars increased with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content. (3) The corrected Akaike information criterion (AIC
C
) showed an overall preference for the double exponential model (DEM) reflecting a labile and a recalcitrant C-pool, over the first-order degradation model (FODM) and a logarithmic model. (4) The DEM resulted in t
1/2
ranging from 19.7–44.5, 0.7–2.1 and 0.8–1.3 years for pyrBC, htcBC and feedstock, respectively.
Conclusion
The degradation was rather similar between feedstock and htcBC but one order of magnitude slower for pyrBC. The AIC
C
preferred FODM in two cases, where the DEM parameters indicated no distinction between a labile and recalcitrant carbon pool. Background and Aims Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the biodegradation of a char from hydrothermal carbonization (htcBC) and pyrolysis (pyrBC) with high temporal resolution. Methods Mineralization of the biochars and their shared Miscanthus feedstock in three soils was determined directly by the ¹³CO₂ efflux using a novel method incorporating wavelength scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Biochar half-life (t ½ ) was estimated with three empirical models. Results (1) The htcBC was readily biodegradable, whereas pyrBC was more recalcitrant. (2) Cumulative degradation of both biochars increased with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content. (3) The corrected Akaike information criterion (AIC C ) showed an overall preference for the double exponential model (DEM) reflecting a labile and a recalcitrant C-pool, over the first-order degradation model (FODM) and a logarithmic model. (4) The DEM resulted in t ½ ranging from 19.7-44.5, 0.7-2.1 and 0.8-1.3 years for pyrBC, pyrBC and feedstock, respectively. Conclusion The degradation was rather similar between feedstock and htcBC but one order of magnitude slower for pyrBC. The AIC C preferred FODM in two cases, where the DEM parameters indicated no distinction between a labile and recalcitrant carbon pool. Background and Aims: Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the biodegradation of a char from hydrothermal carbonization (htcBC) and pyrolysis (pyrBC) with high temporal resolution. Methods: Mineralization of the biochars and their shared Miscanthus feedstock in three soils was determined directly by the super(13)CO sub(2) efflux using a novel method incorporating wavelength scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Biochar half-life (t sub(1/2)) was estimated with three empirical models. Results: (1) The htcBC was readily biodegradable, whereas pyrBC was more recalcitrant. (2) Cumulative degradation of both biochars increased with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content. (3) The corrected Akaike information criterion (AIC sub(C)) showed an overall preference for the double exponential model (DEM) reflecting a labile and a recalcitrant C-pool, over the first-order degradation model (FODM) and a logarithmic model. (4) The DEM resulted in t sub(1/2) ranging from 19.7-44.5, 0.7-2.1 and 0.8-1.3 years for pyrBC, htcBC and feedstock, respectively. Conclusion: The degradation was rather similar between feedstock and htcBC but one order of magnitude slower for pyrBC. The AIC sub(C) preferred FODM in two cases, where the DEM parameters indicated no distinction between a labile and recalcitrant carbon pool. Background and Aims Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the biodegradation of a char from hydrothermal carbonization (htcBC) and pyrolysis (pyrBC) with high temporal resolution. Methods Mineralization of the biochars and their shared Miscanthus feedstock in three soils was determined directly by the [sup.13]C[O.sub.2] efflux using a novel method incorporating wavelength scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Biochar half-life ([t.sub.1/2]) was estimated with three empirical models. Results (1) The htcBC was readily biodegradable, whereas pyrBC was more recalcitrant. (2) Cumulative degradation of both biochars increased with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content. (3) The corrected Akaike information criterion ([AIC.sub.C]) showed an overall preference for the double exponential model (DEM) reflecting a labile and a recalcitrant C-pool, over the first-order degradation model (FODM) and a logarithmic model. (4) The DEM resulted in [t.sub.1/2] ranging from 19.7-44.5, 0.7-2.1 and 0.8-1.3 years for pyrBC, htcBC and feedstock, respectively. Conclusion The degradation was rather similar between feedstock and htcBC but one order of magnitude slower for pyrBC. The [AIC.sub.C] preferred FODM in two cases, where the DEM parameters indicated no distinction between a labile and recalcitrant carbon pool. Keywords Char * HTC * Soil amendment * Recalcitrant carbon * Biodegradation * [sup.13]C[O.sub.2] efflux Issue Title: In Memory of Horst Marschner Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the biodegradation of a char from hydrothermal carbonization (htcBC) and pyrolysis (pyrBC) with high temporal resolution. Mineralization of the biochars and their shared Miscanthus feedstock in three soils was determined directly by the ^sup 13^CO2 efflux using a novel method incorporating wavelength scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Biochar half-life (t^sub 1/2^) was estimated with three empirical models. (1) The htcBC was readily biodegradable, whereas pyrBC was more recalcitrant. (2) Cumulative degradation of both biochars increased with soil organic carbon and nitrogen content. (3) The corrected Akaike information criterion (AIC^sub C^) showed an overall preference for the double exponential model (DEM) reflecting a labile and a recalcitrant C-pool, over the first-order degradation model (FODM) and a logarithmic model. (4) The DEM resulted in t^sub 1/2^ ranging from 19.7-44.5, 0.7-2.1 and 0.8-1.3 years for pyrBC, htcBC and feedstock, respectively. The degradation was rather similar between feedstock and htcBC but one order of magnitude slower for pyrBC. The AIC^sub C^ preferred FODM in two cases, where the DEM parameters indicated no distinction between a labile and recalcitrant carbon pool.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Eckhardt, Christian Koestler, Martin Kraft, Philipp Frede, Hans-Georg Wilske, Burkhard Buegger, Franz Esperschütz, Jürgen Kammann, Claudia Irene Bach, Martin Bai, Mo Breuer, Lutz |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mo surname: Bai fullname: Bai, Mo – sequence: 2 givenname: Burkhard surname: Wilske fullname: Wilske, Burkhard – sequence: 3 givenname: Franz surname: Buegger fullname: Buegger, Franz – sequence: 4 givenname: Jürgen surname: Esperschütz fullname: Esperschütz, Jürgen – sequence: 5 givenname: Claudia Irene surname: Kammann fullname: Kammann, Claudia Irene – sequence: 6 givenname: Christian surname: Eckhardt fullname: Eckhardt, Christian – sequence: 7 givenname: Martin surname: Koestler fullname: Koestler, Martin – sequence: 8 givenname: Philipp surname: Kraft fullname: Kraft, Philipp – sequence: 9 givenname: Martin surname: Bach fullname: Bach, Martin – sequence: 10 givenname: Hans-Georg surname: Frede fullname: Frede, Hans-Georg – sequence: 11 givenname: Lutz surname: Breuer fullname: Breuer, Lutz |
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Keywords | Biodegradation Char HTC Soil amendment CO efflux Recalcitrant carbon Pyrolysis Carbon dioxide Biochar Temperate zone Soil management Carbon isotopes Carbonization Soils Amendment Stable isotopes Kinetics Soil plant relation |
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Snippet | Background and Aims Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the... Background and Aims Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the... Issue Title: In Memory of Horst Marschner Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct... Background and Aims: Estimates of biochar residence times in soils range over three orders of magnitude. We present the first direct comparison between the... |
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SubjectTerms | Agricultural soils Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biochar Biodegradation Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Carbon Carbon dioxide Charcoal Ecology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Grassland soils Kinetics Life Sciences Mineralization Miscanthus Organic carbon Organic soils Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries Plant Physiology Plant Sciences Pyrolysis Raw materials Regular Article Sandy loam soils Soil biochemistry Soil chemistry Soil degradation Soil microorganisms Soil science Soil Science & Conservation Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments Soils Temperature effects |
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Title | Degradation kinetics of biochar from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization in temperate soils |
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