Combined Effects of ESRα DNA Methylation and Progesterone on Glucose Metabolic Disorders: The Henan Rural Cohort Study

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 7; p. 1659
• Main Authors: Feng, Bo, Wang, Lulu, Wei, Dandan, Huo, Wenqian, Jing, Tao, Wang, Chongjian, Mao, Zhenxing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.03.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Blood Glucose - metabolism; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Chromatography; Cohort analysis; Cohort Studies; confidence interval; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics; DNA Methylation; Estrogen Receptor alpha - genetics; Estrogen Receptor alpha - metabolism; estrogen receptors; Estrogens; Family medical history; Female; Generalized linear models; genes; Glucose; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin resistance; Kinases; Male; Menstruation; Metabolism; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; odds ratio; Population; postmenopause; Prediabetic State - complications; Progesterone; risk; Risk Factors; Rural areas; China; type 2 diabetes mellitus; combined effect; impaired fasting glucose; DNA methylation progesterone; estrogen receptor alpha
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15071659

To explore the independent and combined effects of ESRα methylation and progesterone on impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a case-control study including 901 subjects was conducted. Generalized linear models were performed to assess the independent and combined effects of ESRα methylation and progesterone on IFG or T2DM. Methylation level of cytosine-phosphoguanine (CpG) 1 in the estrogen receptor α (ESRα) gene was positively related to IFG in both men (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.77 (1.05, 3.00)) and postmenopausal women (OR (95% CI): 1.82 (1.09, 3.04)), whereas the association between CpG 1 and T2DM was not significant. Positive associations of progesterone with IFG and T2DM were observed in both men (OR (95% CI): 2.03 (1.18, 3.49) and 3.00 (1.63, 5.52)) and postmenopausal women (OR (95% CI): 2.13 (1.27, 3.56) and 3.30 (1.85, 5.90)). Participants with high CpG 1 methylation plus high progesterone had an increased risk of IFG and T2DM, both in men and postmenopausal women. ESRα methylation and progesterone were positively associated with IFG, and the positive association between progesterone and T2DM was also found. Importantly, we firstly found the combined effects of ESRα methylation and progesterone on IFG and T2DM.