Quantifying the climate effects of bioenergy – Choice of reference system
In order to understand the climate effects of a bioenergy system, a comparison between the bioenergy system and a reference system is required. The reference system describes the situation that occurs in the absence of the bioenergy system with respect to the use of land, energy, and materials. The...
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| Published in | Renewable & sustainable energy reviews Vol. 81; pp. 2271 - 2280 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.01.2018
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| Subjects | |
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| Abstract | In order to understand the climate effects of a bioenergy system, a comparison between the bioenergy system and a reference system is required. The reference system describes the situation that occurs in the absence of the bioenergy system with respect to the use of land, energy, and materials. The importance of reference systems is discussed in the literature but guidance on choosing suitable reference systems for assessing climate effects of bioenergy is limited. The reference system should align with the purpose of the study. Transparency of reference system assumptions is essential for proper interpretation of bioenergy assessments. This paper presents guidance for selecting suitable reference systems. Particular attention is given to choosing the land reference. If the goal is to study the climate effects of bioenergy as a part of total anthropogenic activity the reference system should illustrate what is expected in the absence of human activities. In such a case the suitable land reference is natural regeneration, and energy or material reference systems are not relevant. If the goal is to assess the effect of a change in bioenergy use, the reference system should incorporate human activities. In this case suitable reference systems describe the most likely alternative uses of the land, energy and materials in the absence of the change in bioenergy use. The definition of the reference system is furthermore subject to the temporal scope of the study. In practice, selecting and characterizing reference systems will involve various choices and uncertainties which should be considered carefully. It can be instructive to consider how alternative reference systems influence the results and conclusions drawn from bioenergy assessments. |
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| AbstractList | In order to understand the climate effects of a bioenergy system, a comparison between the bioenergy system and a reference system is required. The reference system describes the situation that occurs in the absence of the bioenergy system with respect to the use of land, energy, and materials. The importance of reference systems is discussed in the literature but guidance on choosing suitable reference systems for assessing climate effects of bioenergy is limited. The reference system should align with the purpose of the study. Transparency of reference system assumptions is essential for proper interpretation of bioenergy assessments. This paper presents guidance for selecting suitable reference systems. Particular attention is given to choosing the land reference. If the goal is to study the climate effects of bioenergy as a part of total anthropogenic activity the reference system should illustrate what is expected in the absence of human activities. In such a case the suitable land reference is natural regeneration, and energy or material reference systems are not relevant. If the goal is to assess the effect of a change in bioenergy use, the reference system should incorporate human activities. In this case suitable reference systems describe the most likely alternative uses of the land, energy and materials in the absence of the change in bioenergy use. The definition of the reference system is furthermore subject to the temporal scope of the study. In practice, selecting and characterizing reference systems will involve various choices and uncertainties which should be considered carefully. It can be instructive to consider how alternative reference systems influence the results and conclusions drawn from bioenergy assessments. |
| Author | Cowie, Annette Brandão, Miguel Kline, Keith L. Koponen, Kati Soimakallio, Sampo |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kati surname: Koponen fullname: Koponen, Kati email: kati.koponen@vtt.fi organization: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Vuorimiehentie 3, P.O.BOX 1000, 02044 VTT Finland – sequence: 2 givenname: Sampo surname: Soimakallio fullname: Soimakallio, Sampo organization: Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Mechelininkatu 34a, P.O.Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland – sequence: 3 givenname: Keith L. surname: Kline fullname: Kline, Keith L. organization: Climate Change Science Institute, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Annette surname: Cowie fullname: Cowie, Annette organization: NSW Department of Primary Industries/ University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Miguel surname: Brandão fullname: Brandão, Miguel organization: Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Architecture and the Built Environment, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden |
| BackLink | https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-221004$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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| Keywords | Bioenergy Reference system Climate effect Land use |
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