Characterization and Quantitation of a Novel β-Lactamase Gene Found in a Wastewater Treatment Facility and the Surrounding Coastal Ecosystem

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Published inApplied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 77; no. 23; pp. 8226 - 8233
Main Authors UYAGUARI, Miguel I, FICHOT, Erin B, SCOTT, Geoffrey I, SEAN NORMAN, R
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01.12.2011
Subjects
Ampicillin - pharmacology
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
beta-Lactam Resistance
beta-Lactamases - genetics
Biological and medical sciences
Biological treatment of waters
Biotechnology
DNA, Bacterial - chemistry
DNA, Bacterial - genetics
DNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification
Ecosystem
Environment and pollution
Environmental Microbiology
Escherichia coli - drug effects
Escherichia coli - genetics
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Library
Humans
Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects
Metagenomics - methods
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Microbiology
Molecular Sequence Data
Public Health Microbiology
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Staphylococcus aureus - enzymology
Staphylococcus aureus - genetics
Water Purification
Characterization
Gene
Enzyme
Ecosystem
Hydrolases
β-Lactamase
Waste water purification
Biological purification
Quantitative analysis
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Abstract Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM       
AbstractList ABSTRACT Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are engineered structures that collect, concentrate, and treat human waste, ultimately releasing treated wastewater into local environments. While WWTPs efficiently remove most biosolids, it has been shown that many antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive the treatment process. To determine how WWTPs influence the concentration and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes into the environment, a functional metagenomic approach was used to identify a novel antibiotic resistance gene within a WWTP, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine gene copy numbers within the facility and the local coastal ecosystem. From the WWTP metagenomic library, the fosmid insert contained in one highly resistant clone (MIC, ∼416 μg ml −1 ampicillin) was sequenced and annotated, revealing 33 putative genes, including a 927-bp gene that is 42% identical to a functionally characterized β-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1. Isolation and subcloning of this gene, referred to as bla M-1 , conferred ampicillin resistance to its Escherichia coli host. When normalized to volume, qPCR showed increased concentrations of bla M-1 during initial treatment stages but 2-fold-decreased concentrations during the final treatment stage. The concentration ng −1 DNA increased throughout the WWTP process from influent to effluent, suggesting that bla M-1 makes up a significant proportion of the overall genetic material being released into the coastal ecosystem. Average discharge was estimated to be 3.9 � 10 14 copies of the bla M-1 gene released daily into this coastal ecosystem. Furthermore, the gene was observed in all sampled coastal water and sediment samples surrounding the facility. Our results suggest that WWTPs may be a pathway for the dissemination of novel antibiotic resistance genes into the environment.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are engineered structures that collect, concentrate, and treat human waste, ultimately releasing treated wastewater into local environments. While WWTPs efficiently remove most biosolids, it has been shown that many antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive the treatment process. To determine how WWTPs influence the concentration and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes into the environment, a functional metagenomic approach was used to identify a novel antibiotic resistance gene within a WWTP, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine gene copy numbers within the facility and the local coastal ecosystem. From the WWTP metagenomic library, the fosmid insert contained in one highly resistant clone (MIC, ∼416 μg ml −1 ampicillin) was sequenced and annotated, revealing 33 putative genes, including a 927-bp gene that is 42% identical to a functionally characterized β-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1. Isolation and subcloning of this gene, referred to as bla M-1 , conferred ampicillin resistance to its Escherichia coli host. When normalized to volume, qPCR showed increased concentrations of bla M-1 during initial treatment stages but 2-fold-decreased concentrations during the final treatment stage. The concentration ng −1 DNA increased throughout the WWTP process from influent to effluent, suggesting that bla M-1 makes up a significant proportion of the overall genetic material being released into the coastal ecosystem. Average discharge was estimated to be 3.9 × 10 14 copies of the bla M-1 gene released daily into this coastal ecosystem. Furthermore, the gene was observed in all sampled coastal water and sediment samples surrounding the facility. Our results suggest that WWTPs may be a pathway for the dissemination of novel antibiotic resistance genes into the environment.
Classifications Services AEM Citing Articles Google Scholar PubMed Related Content Social Bookmarking CiteULike Delicious Digg Facebook Google+ Mendeley Reddit StumbleUpon Twitter current issue Spotlights in the Current Issue AEM About AEM Subscribers Authors Reviewers Advertisers Inquiries from the Press Permissions & Commercial Reprints ASM Journals Public Access Policy AEM RSS Feeds 1752 N Street N.W. • Washington DC 20036 202.737.3600 • 202.942.9355 fax • journals@asmusa.org Print ISSN: 0099-2240 Online ISSN: 1098-5336 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to AEM .asm.org, visit: AEM       
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are engineered structures that collect, concentrate, and treat human waste, ultimately releasing treated wastewater into local environments. While WWTPs efficiently remove most biosolids, it has been shown that many antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria can survive the treatment process. To determine how WWTPs influence the concentration and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes into the environment, a functional metagenomic approach was used to identify a novel antibiotic resistance gene within a WWTP, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to determine gene copy numbers within the facility and the local coastal ecosystem. From the WWTP metagenomic library, the fosmid insert contained in one highly resistant clone (MIC, ≈ 416 μg ml(-1) ampicillin) was sequenced and annotated, revealing 33 putative genes, including a 927-bp gene that is 42% identical to a functionally characterized β-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1. Isolation and subcloning of this gene, referred to as bla(M-1), conferred ampicillin resistance to its Escherichia coli host. When normalized to volume, qPCR showed increased concentrations of bla(M-1) during initial treatment stages but 2-fold-decreased concentrations during the final treatment stage. The concentration ng(-1) DNA increased throughout the WWTP process from influent to effluent, suggesting that bla(M-1) makes up a significant proportion of the overall genetic material being released into the coastal ecosystem. Average discharge was estimated to be 3.9 × 10(14) copies of the bla(M-1) gene released daily into this coastal ecosystem. Furthermore, the gene was observed in all sampled coastal water and sediment samples surrounding the facility. Our results suggest that WWTPs may be a pathway for the dissemination of novel antibiotic resistance genes into the environment.
Author Erin B. Fichot
R. Sean Norman
Geoffrey I. Scott
Miguel I. Uyaguari
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Issue 23
Keywords Characterization
Gene
Enzyme
Ecosystem
Hydrolases
β-Lactamase
Waste water purification
Biological purification
Quantitative analysis
Language English
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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are engineered structures that collect, concentrate, and treat human waste, ultimately releasing treated wastewater into...
ABSTRACT Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are engineered structures that collect, concentrate, and treat human waste, ultimately releasing treated...
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StartPage 8226
SubjectTerms Ampicillin - pharmacology
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
beta-Lactam Resistance
beta-Lactamases - genetics
Biological and medical sciences
Biological treatment of waters
Biotechnology
DNA, Bacterial - chemistry
DNA, Bacterial - genetics
DNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification
Ecosystem
Environment and pollution
Environmental Microbiology
Escherichia coli - drug effects
Escherichia coli - genetics
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Gene Library
Humans
Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects
Metagenomics - methods
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Microbiology
Molecular Sequence Data
Public Health Microbiology
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction - methods
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Staphylococcus aureus - enzymology
Staphylococcus aureus - genetics
Water Purification
Title Characterization and Quantitation of a Novel β-Lactamase Gene Found in a Wastewater Treatment Facility and the Surrounding Coastal Ecosystem
URI http://aem.asm.org/content/77/23/8226.abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21965412
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3233035
Volume 77
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