A Novel Secreted Protein Toxin from the Insect Pathogenic Bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila
The bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila is an insect pathogen that produces several proteins that enable it to kill insects. Screening of a cosmid library constructed from X. nematophila strain A24 identified a gene that encoded a novel protein that was toxic to insects. The 42-kDa protein encoded by...
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Published in | The Journal of biological chemistry Vol. 279; no. 15; pp. 14595 - 14601 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
Elsevier Inc
09.04.2004
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |
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Abstract | The bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila is an insect pathogen that produces several proteins that enable it to kill insects. Screening of a cosmid library constructed from X. nematophila strain A24 identified a gene that encoded a novel protein that was toxic to insects. The 42-kDa protein encoded by the toxin gene was expressed and purified from a recombinant system, and was shown to kill the larvae of insects such as Galleria mellonella and Helicoverpa armigera when injected at doses of around 30–40 ng/g larvae. Sequencing and bioinformatic analysis suggested that the toxin was a novel protein, and that it was likely to be part of a genomic island involved in pathogenicity. When the native bacteria were grown under laboratory conditions, a soluble form of the 42-kDa toxin was secreted only by bacteria in the phase II state. Preliminary histological analysis of larvae injected with recombinant protein suggested that the toxin primarily acted on the midgut of the insect. Finally, some of the common strategies used by the bacterial pathogens of insects, animals, and plants are discussed. |
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AbstractList | The bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila is an insect pathogen that produces several proteins that enable it to kill insects. Screening of a cosmid library constructed from X. nematophila strain A24 identified a gene that encoded a novel protein that was toxic to insects. The 42-kDa protein encoded by the toxin gene was expressed and purified from a recombinant system, and was shown to kill the larvae of insects such as Galleria mellonella and Helicoverpa armigera when injected at doses of around 30–40 ng/g larvae. Sequencing and bioinformatic analysis suggested that the toxin was a novel protein, and that it was likely to be part of a genomic island involved in pathogenicity. When the native bacteria were grown under laboratory conditions, a soluble form of the 42-kDa toxin was secreted only by bacteria in the phase II state. Preliminary histological analysis of larvae injected with recombinant protein suggested that the toxin primarily acted on the midgut of the insect. Finally, some of the common strategies used by the bacterial pathogens of insects, animals, and plants are discussed. The bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila is an insect pathogen that produces several proteins that enable it to kill insects. Screening of a cosmid library constructed from X. nematophila strain A24 identified a gene that encoded a novel protein that was toxic to insects. The 42-kDa protein encoded by the toxin gene was expressed and purified from a recombinant system, and was shown to kill the larvae of insects such as Galleria mellonella and Helicoverpa armigera when injected at doses of around 30â40 ng/g larvae. Sequencing and bioinformatic analysis suggested that the toxin was a novel protein, and that it was likely to be part of a genomic island involved in pathogenicity. When the native bacteria were grown under laboratory conditions, a soluble form of the 42-kDa toxin was secreted only by bacteria in the phase II state. Preliminary histological analysis of larvae injected with recombinant protein suggested that the toxin primarily acted on the midgut of the insect. Finally, some of the common strategies used by the bacterial pathogens of insects, animals, and plants are discussed. |
Author | Brown, Susan E. Cao, Anh T. Hines, Eric R. East, Peter D. Akhurst, Raymond J. |
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Snippet | The bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila is an insect pathogen that produces several proteins that enable it to kill insects. Screening of a cosmid library... |
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SubjectTerms | Amino Acid Sequence Animals Base Sequence Biological Assay Blotting, Western Cosmids Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Escherichia coli - metabolism Galleria mellonella Gene Library Helicoverpa armigera Insecta - microbiology Larva - microbiology Molecular Sequence Data Photorhabdus - metabolism Recombinant Proteins - chemistry Software Time Factors Toxins, Biological - chemistry Xenorhabdus - metabolism Xenorhabdus nematophila |
Title | A Novel Secreted Protein Toxin from the Insect Pathogenic Bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila |
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