Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Kaolin-Bentonite Composites for Enhanced Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water

Fluoride-contaminated drinking waters are known to cause severe health hazards such as fluorosis and arthritis. This paper presents the encapsulation of iron oxide nanoparticles in kaolin-bentonite composites adsorbents (KBNPs) for the removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption compared w...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inAdvances in materials science and engineering Vol. 2021; no. 1
Main Authors Annan, Ebenezer, Nyankson, Emmanuel, Agyei-Tuffour, Benjamin, Armah, Stephen Kofi, Nkrumah-Buandoh, George, Hodasi, Joanna Aba Modupeh, Oteng-Peprah, Michael
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Hindawi 2021
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Wiley
Subjects
Adsorbents
Adsorption
Aluminum
Arthritis
Bentonite
Cellulose acetate
Clay
Composite materials
Drinking water
Experiments
Fluoridation
Fluorides
Fourier transforms
Granular materials
Groundwater
Health hazards
Hydroxyl groups
Infrared spectroscopy
Interlayers
Iron oxides
Isotherms
Kaolin
Kaolinite
Magnetite
Mathematical models
Morphology
Nanoparticles
Nitrogen
Pore size
Scanning electron microscopy
Sodium fluoride
Tetrahedra
Water chemistry
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1687-8434
1687-8442
DOI10.1155/2021/6679422

Cover

Abstract Fluoride-contaminated drinking waters are known to cause severe health hazards such as fluorosis and arthritis. This paper presents the encapsulation of iron oxide nanoparticles in kaolin-bentonite composites adsorbents (KBNPs) for the removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption compared with kaolin-bentonite composite (KB). Adsorbents with an average weight of ∼200 mg and ∼7 mm diameter (granules) were prepared in the ratio of 10 : 10 : 0.1 for kaolinite, bentonite, and magnetite nanoparticles, respectively. The granules were air-dried and calcined at 750°C and contacted with 2 mg/L sodium fluoride solution at varying time periods. The adsorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) formulation, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), whereas the adsorption mechanism and the kinetics were explained using the Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich models, and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The results showed that the BET surface areas for the granules were 10 m2/g and 3 m2/g for KBNPs and KB, respectively. The SEM images for the adsorbents before and after adsorption confirm the plate-like morphology of kaolin and bentonite. The FTIR analyses of bentonite (3550 cm−1–4000 cm−1) and kaolin (400–1200 cm−1) correspond to the structural hydroxyl groups and water molecules in the interlayer space of bentonites and the vibrational modes of SiO4 tetrahedron of kaolin, respectively. The KBNPs composites also recorded a fluoride removal efficiency of ∼91% after 120 minutes compared with 64% for KB composites without Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adsorptions of fluoride by the KBNPs and KB granules were found to agree with the Freundlich isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The results clearly show that the impregnation of clays with magnetite nanoparticles has significant effect in the removal of fluoride, and the implication of the results has been discussed to show the impact of clay-magnetite nanoparticles composites in the removal of fluoride from contaminated water.
AbstractList Fluoride‐contaminated drinking waters are known to cause severe health hazards such as fluorosis and arthritis. This paper presents the encapsulation of iron oxide nanoparticles in kaolin‐bentonite composites adsorbents (KBNPs) for the removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption compared with kaolin‐bentonite composite (KB). Adsorbents with an average weight of ∼200 mg and ∼7 mm diameter (granules) were prepared in the ratio of 10 : 10 : 0.1 for kaolinite, bentonite, and magnetite nanoparticles, respectively. The granules were air‐dried and calcined at 750°C and contacted with 2 mg/L sodium fluoride solution at varying time periods. The adsorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) formulation, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), whereas the adsorption mechanism and the kinetics were explained using the Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich models, and pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order models. The results showed that the BET surface areas for the granules were 10 m 2 /g and 3 m 2 /g for KBNPs and KB, respectively. The SEM images for the adsorbents before and after adsorption confirm the plate‐like morphology of kaolin and bentonite. The FTIR analyses of bentonite (3550 cm −1 –4000 cm −1 ) and kaolin (400–1200 cm −1 ) correspond to the structural hydroxyl groups and water molecules in the interlayer space of bentonites and the vibrational modes of SiO 4 tetrahedron of kaolin, respectively. The KBNPs composites also recorded a fluoride removal efficiency of ∼91% after 120 minutes compared with 64% for KB composites without Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. The adsorptions of fluoride by the KBNPs and KB granules were found to agree with the Freundlich isotherm and a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, respectively. The results clearly show that the impregnation of clays with magnetite nanoparticles has significant effect in the removal of fluoride, and the implication of the results has been discussed to show the impact of clay‐magnetite nanoparticles composites in the removal of fluoride from contaminated water.
Fluoride-contaminated drinking waters are known to cause severe health hazards such as fluorosis and arthritis. This paper presents the encapsulation of iron oxide nanoparticles in kaolin-bentonite composites adsorbents (KBNPs) for the removal of fluoride from drinking water by adsorption compared with kaolin-bentonite composite (KB). Adsorbents with an average weight of ∼200 mg and ∼7 mm diameter (granules) were prepared in the ratio of 10 : 10 : 0.1 for kaolinite, bentonite, and magnetite nanoparticles, respectively. The granules were air-dried and calcined at 750°C and contacted with 2 mg/L sodium fluoride solution at varying time periods. The adsorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) formulation, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), whereas the adsorption mechanism and the kinetics were explained using the Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich models, and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The results showed that the BET surface areas for the granules were 10 m2/g and 3 m2/g for KBNPs and KB, respectively. The SEM images for the adsorbents before and after adsorption confirm the plate-like morphology of kaolin and bentonite. The FTIR analyses of bentonite (3550 cm−1–4000 cm−1) and kaolin (400–1200 cm−1) correspond to the structural hydroxyl groups and water molecules in the interlayer space of bentonites and the vibrational modes of SiO4 tetrahedron of kaolin, respectively. The KBNPs composites also recorded a fluoride removal efficiency of ∼91% after 120 minutes compared with 64% for KB composites without Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The adsorptions of fluoride by the KBNPs and KB granules were found to agree with the Freundlich isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively. The results clearly show that the impregnation of clays with magnetite nanoparticles has significant effect in the removal of fluoride, and the implication of the results has been discussed to show the impact of clay-magnetite nanoparticles composites in the removal of fluoride from contaminated water.
Author Oteng-Peprah, Michael
Annan, Ebenezer
Nyankson, Emmanuel
Armah, Stephen Kofi
Agyei-Tuffour, Benjamin
Hodasi, Joanna Aba Modupeh
Nkrumah-Buandoh, George
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Ebenezer
  surname: Annan
  fullname: Annan, Ebenezer
  organization: Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhanaug.edu.gh
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Emmanuel
  surname: Nyankson
  fullname: Nyankson, Emmanuel
  organization: Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhanaug.edu.gh
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Benjamin
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9629-8240
  surname: Agyei-Tuffour
  fullname: Agyei-Tuffour, Benjamin
  organization: Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhanaug.edu.gh
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Stephen Kofi
  surname: Armah
  fullname: Armah, Stephen Kofi
  organization: Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Engineering SciencesCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhanaug.edu.gh
– sequence: 5
  givenname: George
  surname: Nkrumah-Buandoh
  fullname: Nkrumah-Buandoh, George
  organization: Department of PhysicsSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhanaug.edu.gh
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Joanna Aba Modupeh
  surname: Hodasi
  fullname: Hodasi, Joanna Aba Modupeh
  organization: Department of PhysicsSchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesCollege of Basic and Applied SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhanaug.edu.gh
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Oteng-Peprah
  fullname: Oteng-Peprah, Michael
  organization: Department of Water and SanitationUniversity of Cape CoastCape CoastGhanaucc.edu.gh
BookMark eNp9kU1vFDEMhiPUSpS2N35AJI4wdPI5M0dYWqhohcSHOEaeJNPNMhtvkyxQfj1pt3BAKj7EVvT4teX3CdmLGD0hT1n7kjGlTnjL2YnW3SA5f0QOmO67ppeS7_2thXxMjnNetTXEoPQgD8jPTzexLH0OmUJ0dLGEBLb4FH5BCRgpTvQSXZiCd_Q94Bxi89rHgjEUTxe43mCuVaYTJnoalxBtBc_mLabgPP3o1_gdZjolXNM3KcRvIV7Rr1AHHJH9Cebsj-_zIflydvp58a65-PD2fPHqorFStqVhelS99k61HkY5KDtZC6OzoKWUnejcUB_VcybG0Utfae50z0evlNS868UhOd_pOoSV2aSwhnRjEIK5-8B0ZSCVYGdvhFYjsGHone8ksy0w0XaunnXohbCjq1rPdlqbhNdbn4tZ4TbFur7hsm8Z7zo-VIrvKJsw5-QnY0O5u2ZJEGbDWnNrmLk1zNwbVpte_NP0Z9UH8Oc7fBmigx_h__RvJ_6k_g
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1007_s12665_022_10377_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_nxnano_2023_100024
crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_3c01333
crossref_primary_10_5004_dwt_2022_28252
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtsust_2024_100923
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2022_114483
crossref_primary_10_1080_01932691_2023_2194383
crossref_primary_10_1080_01496395_2022_2045318
crossref_primary_10_12944_CWE_17_1_5
crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules28104076
crossref_primary_10_1080_01932691_2023_2271062
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_apsusc_2025_162540
crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules28166162
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma15124058
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10965_024_03954_0
crossref_primary_10_3390_su13137061
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clce_2022_100040
crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_iecr_4c02734
crossref_primary_10_3390_en14123693
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2024_158099
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10450_024_00445_y
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11270_023_06072_7
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_023_12035_6
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13762_022_04576_z
crossref_primary_10_1080_21622515_2023_2283412
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym16050709
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40899_023_00926_y
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jwpe_2023_103724
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13762_023_05318_5
crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_5683415
crossref_primary_10_3390_su14031318
crossref_primary_10_3390_polym17030384
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2021_04_132
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.cej.2014.03.118
10.1080/01496395.2011.572327
10.1016/j.cej.2007.09.049
10.1016/j.watres.2003.08.014
10.17159/sajs.2016/20150442
10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00112-5
10.1016/j.jcis.2005.06.045
10.1016/s1383-5866(03)00167-9
10.1016/j.carbon.2009.09.034
10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.002
10.1021/es990542k
10.2175/106143096x127730
10.1016/j.jece.2015.12.040
10.1016/s0011-9164(98)00016-2
10.1186/1752-153x-7-51
10.1002/jctb.5041
10.1007/s13201-014-0210-x
10.1080/19443994.2013.855669
10.1016/s1383-5866(00)00219-7
10.1007/s11783-013-0533-0
10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.09.009
10.1016/s0016-7061(97)00122-5
10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.015
10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.042
10.1016/s0022-1139(00)83012-2
10.1007/s11783-009-0030-7
10.5004/dwt.2019.23509
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.001
10.1016/j.jcis.2010.04.048
10.2166/wrd.2016.055
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.011
10.1016/j.gsd.2016.09.001
10.1016/j.clay.2015.06.013
10.1016/j.desal.2010.07.026
10.1016/s0022-1139(02)00003-9
10.1080/19443994.2012.749198
10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.051
10.1016/s1383-5866(02)00016-3
10.1007/s12665-015-5205-x
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.07.008
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.031
10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.09.037
10.1002/jctb.2131
10.1016/0883-2927(94)00046-9
10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.088
10.1016/j.jcis.2003.12.031
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.12.043
10.1007/s002540050221
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.133
10.1080/01496390701310421
10.1155/2017/4893835
10.1016/s0959-6526(02)00065-3
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2021 Ebenezer Annan et al.
Copyright © 2021 Ebenezer Annan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2021 Ebenezer Annan et al.
– notice: Copyright © 2021 Ebenezer Annan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DBID RHU
RHW
RHX
AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7SR
7XB
8BQ
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FK
8G5
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
CWDGH
D1I
DWQXO
GNUQQ
GUQSH
HCIFZ
JG9
KB.
L6V
M2O
M7S
MBDVC
PDBOC
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
Q9U
DOA
DOI 10.1155/2021/6679422
DatabaseName Hindawi Publishing Complete
Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals
Hindawi Publishing Open Access
CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Engineered Materials Abstracts
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
METADEX
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Materials Science & Engineering
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central (subscription)
Technology Collection
ProQuest One Community College
Middle East & Africa Database
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Research Library
SciTech Premium Collection
Materials Research Database
Materials Science Database
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Research Library
Engineering Database
Research Library (Corporate)
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Materials Research Database
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
Materials Science Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
Engineered Materials Abstracts
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Middle East & Africa Database
ProQuest Central Korea
Materials Science Database
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Central (New)
Engineering Collection
ProQuest Materials Science Collection
Engineering Database
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
METADEX
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef


Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RHX
  name: Hindawi Publishing Open Access
  url: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
– sequence: 2
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 3
  dbid: 8FG
  name: ProQuest Technology Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/technologycollection1
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 1687-8442
Editor Kong, Lingxue
Editor_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Lingxue
  surname: Kong
  fullname: Kong, Lingxue
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_365ba1998de741c0a1307d0219833cbd
10_1155_2021_6679422
GeographicLocations United Kingdom--UK
United States--US
GeographicLocations_xml – name: United Kingdom--UK
– name: United States--US
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: University of Ghana
– fundername: Cambridge–Africa Partnership for Research Excellence (CAPREx) Project
GroupedDBID .4S
.DC
23M
2WC
3V.
4.4
5GY
5VS
8FE
8FG
8G5
8R4
8R5
AAFWJ
AAJEY
ABDBF
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACIWK
ADBBV
AENEX
AFKRA
AFPKN
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ARCSS
AZQEC
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CWDGH
D1I
DWQXO
E3Z
EBS
EDO
ESX
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
GUQSH
HCIFZ
HH5
I-F
IAO
IEA
ITC
KB.
KQ8
L6V
M2O
M7S
MK~
OK1
P2P
PDBOC
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PTHSS
Q2X
RHU
RHW
RHX
TR2
TUS
~8M
0R~
24P
AAYXX
ACCMX
ACUHS
ADMLS
C1A
CITATION
EJD
H13
IL9
PHGZM
PHGZT
7SR
7XB
8BQ
8FD
8FK
AAMMB
AEFGJ
AGXDD
AIDQK
AIDYY
JG9
MBDVC
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-16b586ed50eab495cfccabdca6444737d973758213bbe4e6b52d682be55462783
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 1687-8434
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:31:18 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 12:17:12 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 02:05:03 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:12:18 EDT 2025
Sun Jun 02 18:51:39 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c440t-16b586ed50eab495cfccabdca6444737d973758213bbe4e6b52d682be55462783
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0001-9629-8240
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/365ba1998de741c0a1307d0219833cbd
PQID 2480127729
PQPubID 237351
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_365ba1998de741c0a1307d0219833cbd
proquest_journals_2480127729
crossref_citationtrail_10_1155_2021_6679422
crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6679422
hindawi_primary_10_1155_2021_6679422
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-00-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-01-01
PublicationDate_xml – year: 2021
  text: 2021-00-00
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle Advances in materials science and engineering
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Wiley
Publisher_xml – name: Hindawi
– name: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
– name: Wiley
References e_1_2_8_28_2
e_1_2_8_49_2
e_1_2_8_24_2
e_1_2_8_45_2
e_1_2_8_26_2
e_1_2_8_47_2
e_1_2_8_9_2
Piekos R. (e_1_2_8_22_2) 1999; 32
e_1_2_8_5_2
e_1_2_8_7_2
e_1_2_8_20_2
e_1_2_8_41_2
e_1_2_8_43_2
e_1_2_8_60_2
Reddy N. (e_1_2_8_8_2) 2003; 45
e_1_2_8_17_2
e_1_2_8_38_2
e_1_2_8_19_2
e_1_2_8_59_2
e_1_2_8_15_2
e_1_2_8_36_2
e_1_2_8_57_2
e_1_2_8_30_2
e_1_2_8_55_2
e_1_2_8_11_2
e_1_2_8_32_2
e_1_2_8_53_2
e_1_2_8_51_2
e_1_2_8_27_2
e_1_2_8_29_2
e_1_2_8_23_2
e_1_2_8_46_2
e_1_2_8_25_2
e_1_2_8_48_2
e_1_2_8_2_2
e_1_2_8_4_2
e_1_2_8_6_2
Tembhurkar A. (e_1_2_8_34_2) 2006; 48
e_1_2_8_42_2
e_1_2_8_21_2
e_1_2_8_44_2
e_1_2_8_61_2
e_1_2_8_40_2
e_1_2_8_16_2
e_1_2_8_39_2
e_1_2_8_18_2
World Health Organization (e_1_2_8_1_2) 2004
e_1_2_8_12_2
e_1_2_8_35_2
e_1_2_8_58_2
e_1_2_8_14_2
e_1_2_8_37_2
e_1_2_8_56_2
Puka L. R. (e_1_2_8_13_2) 2008
Chinoy N. (e_1_2_8_3_2) 1991; 1
e_1_2_8_31_2
e_1_2_8_54_2
e_1_2_8_10_2
e_1_2_8_33_2
e_1_2_8_52_2
Freundlich H. (e_1_2_8_50_2) 1906; 57
References_xml – ident: e_1_2_8_39_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2014.03.118
– ident: e_1_2_8_44_2
  doi: 10.1080/01496395.2011.572327
– ident: e_1_2_8_61_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2007.09.049
– ident: e_1_2_8_5_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2003.08.014
– ident: e_1_2_8_53_2
  doi: 10.17159/sajs.2016/20150442
– ident: e_1_2_8_45_2
  doi: 10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00112-5
– ident: e_1_2_8_14_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.06.045
– ident: e_1_2_8_60_2
  doi: 10.1016/s1383-5866(03)00167-9
– ident: e_1_2_8_31_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.09.034
– ident: e_1_2_8_12_2
– ident: e_1_2_8_27_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.04.002
– ident: e_1_2_8_9_2
  doi: 10.1021/es990542k
– ident: e_1_2_8_19_2
  doi: 10.2175/106143096x127730
– ident: e_1_2_8_38_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2015.12.040
– ident: e_1_2_8_15_2
  doi: 10.1016/s0011-9164(98)00016-2
– ident: e_1_2_8_26_2
  doi: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-51
– ident: e_1_2_8_11_2
– ident: e_1_2_8_51_2
  doi: 10.1002/jctb.5041
– ident: e_1_2_8_36_2
  doi: 10.1007/s13201-014-0210-x
– ident: e_1_2_8_52_2
  doi: 10.1080/19443994.2013.855669
– volume: 1
  start-page: 17
  year: 1991
  ident: e_1_2_8_3_2
  article-title: Effects of fluoride on physiology of animals and human beings
  publication-title: Indian Journal of Environmental Toxicology
– ident: e_1_2_8_17_2
  doi: 10.1016/s1383-5866(00)00219-7
– ident: e_1_2_8_25_2
  doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0533-0
– volume: 32
  start-page: 14
  year: 1999
  ident: e_1_2_8_22_2
  article-title: Fluoride uptake characteristics of fly ash
  publication-title: Fluoride
– ident: e_1_2_8_4_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2005.09.009
– ident: e_1_2_8_29_2
  doi: 10.1016/s0016-7061(97)00122-5
– ident: e_1_2_8_28_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.015
– ident: e_1_2_8_47_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.042
– ident: e_1_2_8_23_2
  doi: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)83012-2
– ident: e_1_2_8_46_2
  doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0030-7
– ident: e_1_2_8_55_2
  doi: 10.5004/dwt.2019.23509
– ident: e_1_2_8_40_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.001
– ident: e_1_2_8_33_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.04.048
– ident: e_1_2_8_49_2
  doi: 10.2166/wrd.2016.055
– volume: 48
  start-page: 151
  year: 2006
  ident: e_1_2_8_34_2
  article-title: Studies on fluoride removal using adsorption process
  publication-title: Journal of Environmental Science & Engineering
– ident: e_1_2_8_56_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.011
– ident: e_1_2_8_10_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.gsd.2016.09.001
– volume-title: Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality
  year: 2004
  ident: e_1_2_8_1_2
– volume: 57
  start-page: 385
  year: 1906
  ident: e_1_2_8_50_2
  article-title: Over the adsorption in solution
  publication-title: The Journal of Physical Chemistry
– ident: e_1_2_8_35_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.clay.2015.06.013
– ident: e_1_2_8_43_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.07.026
– volume-title: Fluoride Adsorption Modelling and the Characterization of Clays for Defluoridation of Natural Waters
  year: 2008
  ident: e_1_2_8_13_2
– ident: e_1_2_8_2_2
  doi: 10.1016/s0022-1139(02)00003-9
– ident: e_1_2_8_41_2
  doi: 10.1080/19443994.2012.749198
– ident: e_1_2_8_16_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.051
– ident: e_1_2_8_21_2
  doi: 10.1016/s1383-5866(02)00016-3
– ident: e_1_2_8_54_2
  doi: 10.1007/s12665-015-5205-x
– ident: e_1_2_8_24_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.07.008
– ident: e_1_2_8_42_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.08.031
– ident: e_1_2_8_48_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.09.037
– ident: e_1_2_8_30_2
  doi: 10.1002/jctb.2131
– ident: e_1_2_8_6_2
  doi: 10.1016/0883-2927(94)00046-9
– ident: e_1_2_8_32_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.088
– volume: 45
  start-page: 285
  year: 2003
  ident: e_1_2_8_8_2
  article-title: Pyroclastic fluoride in ground waters in some parts of Tadpatri Taluk, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh
  publication-title: Indian Journal of Environmental Health
– ident: e_1_2_8_20_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2003.12.031
– ident: e_1_2_8_57_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.12.043
– ident: e_1_2_8_7_2
  doi: 10.1007/s002540050221
– ident: e_1_2_8_59_2
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.133
– ident: e_1_2_8_58_2
  doi: 10.1080/01496390701310421
– ident: e_1_2_8_37_2
  doi: 10.1155/2017/4893835
– ident: e_1_2_8_18_2
  doi: 10.1016/s0959-6526(02)00065-3
SSID ssj0000395694
Score 2.3604038
Snippet Fluoride-contaminated drinking waters are known to cause severe health hazards such as fluorosis and arthritis. This paper presents the encapsulation of iron...
Fluoride‐contaminated drinking waters are known to cause severe health hazards such as fluorosis and arthritis. This paper presents the encapsulation of iron...
SourceID doaj
proquest
crossref
hindawi
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
SubjectTerms Adsorbents
Adsorption
Aluminum
Arthritis
Bentonite
Cellulose acetate
Clay
Composite materials
Drinking water
Experiments
Fluoridation
Fluorides
Fourier transforms
Granular materials
Groundwater
Health hazards
Hydroxyl groups
Infrared spectroscopy
Interlayers
Iron oxides
Isotherms
Kaolin
Kaolinite
Magnetite
Mathematical models
Morphology
Nanoparticles
Nitrogen
Pore size
Scanning electron microscopy
Sodium fluoride
Tetrahedra
Water chemistry
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Hindawi Publishing Open Access
  dbid: RHX
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1LS8NAEF60Jz2IT6xW2UM9SSDd3WyTo60tRamHarG3kH2EFmoiTYv6751J0qAW0UtgwySBzMzON7s73xDSZJEbe8YaRyjJMUFpO4oZC0PuSR8gKcvXIYcPcjAWdxNvUpIkZZtb-BDtMD1vYdO-QDCYa7d9icY7GkyqpRSXA8jPWx62JLiML7hYH3H_8fi34JNz9APsnWLy-zbbmIzzCNPfJ3slNKQ3hS4PyJZNDsnuF8LAI_L--JEAYstmGY0SQ7sV23JRTEnTmA5TM4sBV9L7CPvxOB2LXYIBWFJ0fTyiZTMKSJX2kmm--0_781W6mBlLR_YlBcOjWHJCbxdFVwX6DGh0cUzG_d5Td-CUvRMcLYS7dFpSeb60xnNtpCAJ0jGoShkdAf4Rbd42AVywSJYrZYUFaWakz5TFU2vYfeOE1JI0saeE6iC2GrKayNVSQMLjSzduubGSEF-Z8XWdXK9_aqhLYnHsbzEP8wTD80JUQViqoE6uKunXglDjF7kO6qeSQRrs_AaYRlh6VcilpyKsEjQWkJF2I4jIbQNvCXzOtTJ10iy1-8e3GmvVh6ULZyFDYh2GycfZ_95yTnZwWKzPNEhtuVjZC0AsS3WZ2-snkyrhuw
  priority: 102
  providerName: Hindawi Publishing
– databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  dbid: 8FG
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1LT9tAEF5RuNBDVR5Vw0t7oCdkYe8r9qlqAiEC0QMtam6W92GIFOw0DqL9951ZbwIVAi6WbI9seWd35pvx7HyEHLIiLqV1NhJacQxQupFm1sEplyoFSMp8HvLyuxpei_ORHIWEWxPKKhc20RtqWxvMkR8z7HPCEAt-nf6OkDUK_64GCo13ZC0BT4PzPB2cLXMsMQf077kQEwVrKRVcLGrfpcSwP0EywEww9p9X8s37AQ_fYlT8MH5mpb3rGXwkHwJmpN9aJW-QFVdtkvdPOglukT8__lYA5ZpxQ4vK0v6yDXO7y5LWJb2s7bgEwEkvCiTqiXoO6YPh6yjaBKzdcg0FCEtPq1tfFkAHk3sYAevolburYUZS3ItCT2Yt3QL9BTB1tk2uB6c_-8MokCpERoh4HiVKy1Q5K2NXaIiOTAk61NYUAIxEl3dtBgfcPcu1dsKBNLMqZdphORvScnwiq1Vduc-Emqx0BsKdIjZKQCSUqrhM4lIrcLzMpqZDjhaDmpvQcRyJLya5jzykzFEFeVBBh3xZSk_bThsvyPVQP0sZ7I_tL9Szmzwst5wrqQvcPmgdQCYTF-CquxaekqWcG2075DBo94137S1Un4e13eSPM3Hn9du7ZB0f1iZs9sjqfHbv9gHCzPWBn6f_AMNn6-s
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Kaolin-Bentonite Composites for Enhanced Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6679422
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2480127729
https://doaj.org/article/365ba1998de741c0a1307d0219833cbd
Volume 2021
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3NS-NAFB9cveweRN1dtn6UOehpCU7nq8nR1taiKFIVewuZj2BBE2kr6n_ve5O0VES8eElIGJgh7-W93294836E7POM5cp5F0mjBRKUdmS48_AolI4BkvKwD3l-oQc38nSkRktSX1gTVrUHrj7codDKZHgQzHlIfpZlEHTbDjJTEgthjcPoyxK2RKZCDBaA-4MKYkvDXxRLIedV70oh4W-hDGAiOX-Xj0LbfkDCd8iHn8cf4nNIOv0Nsl6jRXpUrXKTrPhii_xa6iH4m7xcvRYA4qbjKc0KR7uLBszV-Upa5vS8dOMcoCY9y1CiJ-p4FA4GrEkxGmDVlp9SAK-0V9yFggDav38qJ2Pn6dA_lOCLFE-h0ONJJbRAbwGgTv6Qm37vujuIajmFyErJZlFLGxVr7xTzmQFeZHOwnnE2A0gk26LtErjguVlhjJceRnOnY248FrKhIMdfslqUhf9HqE1yb4HoZMxqCRwo1ixvsdxoSLncxbZB_s8_amrrXuMoeXGfBs6hVIomSGsTNMjBYvRj1WPjk3EdtM9iDHbGDi_AX9LaX9Kv_KVB9mvrfjHX7tz0af1XT1OOvXY48pHt71jKDvmJU1YbOrtkdTZ58nsAcWamSX7E_ZMmWev0Li6HcO_eHp8MmsHH4TocjN4Ag9b41A
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEB6V9AAcEE8RKLCH9oQsnH3FOSBE2kQpaSJUWtHb4n2YRip2iVOV_il-IzN-BBACTr1Ecjxayzs7u9-MZ-YD2OZpnCkffCStFuSg9CPLfcBLoXSCkJRXccjZXE-O5bsTdbIB39taGEqrbPfEaqP2haMY-StOfU44YcE3518jYo2ir6sthUa9LKbh6hJdtvL1_h7qd4fz8ehodxI1rAKRkzJeRT1tVaKDV3FILboHLsOXsN6liAxkX_T9AH-ofFRYG2RAae51wm2gfC7ipcBxb8CmpIrWDmwOR_P3h-uoTizQ36jYF3sarTeRQrbZ9kpRoKFH9IMDyflv52BFF4AI_JT88MvFH-dCddiN78KdBqWyt_WyugcbIb8Pt3_pXfgAvn24yhE8louSpblnu-vGz3VdJysyNiv8IkOIy6YpUQNFw0CExTifjHYhyhYLJUPQzEb5aZWIwMZnFzjnPrDD8KVAG2BU_cL2ljXBA_uIwHj5EI6vZcIfQScv8vAYmBtkwaGDlcZOS_S9Eh1nvTizGo967hPXhZftpBrX9Dgnqo0zU_k6ShlSgWlU0IWdtfR53dvjL3JD0s9ahjpyV38Uy8-mMXAjtLIpFSz6gCDNxSmCg77HUQaJEM76Lmw32v3Ps7Za1ZtmNynNz7X_5N-3X8DNydHswBzsz6dP4RYNXIeLtqCzWl6EZwigVvZ5s2oZfLpuQ_kB7AgqJw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9NAEB6VIiE4IB5FBArsoT0hq86-Yh8Qok1NS2iFoBW9Ld6HaaRilzhV6V_j1zHjR6CqgFMvkRyP1vLOzu4345n5ANZ4HhfKBx9JqwU5KKPIch_wUiidICTlTRxyb1_vHMp3R-poCX72tTCUVtnvic1G7StHMfINTn1OOGHBjaJLi_gwzl6ffo-IQYq-tPZ0Gu0SmYSLc3Tf6le7Y9T1OufZ9sHWTtQxDEROyngeDbVViQ5exSG36Cq4Al_IepcjSpAjMfIp_lApqbA2yIDS3OuE20C5XcRRgePegJsolJLjl2RvF_GdWKDn0fAwDjXacSKF7PPulaKQw5CICFPJ-aUTsSEOQCx-TB75-fTKCdEce9k9uNvhVfamXWD3YSmUD-DOH10MH8KPTxclwsh6WrO89Gxr0QK6rfBkVcH2Kj8tEOyySU4kQdFmIOpinE1G-xHljYWaIXxm2-Vxk5LAspMznHEf2MfwrUJrYFQHw8azluqBfUaIPFuBw2uZ7kewXFZleAzMpUVw6GrlsdMSvbBEx8UwLqzGQ5_7xA3gZT-pxnXdzol048Q0Xo9ShlRgOhUMYH0hfdp2-fiL3CbpZyFDvbmbP6rZV9OZuhFa2ZxKF31AuObiHGHCyOMoaSKEs34Aa512__Os1V71pttXavPbCp78-_YLuIXmYd7v7k-ewm0at40brcLyfHYWniGSmtvnzZJl8OW6beQXtlgs9w
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+Characterization+of+Modified+Kaolin-Bentonite+Composites+for+Enhanced+Fluoride+Removal+from+Drinking+Water&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+materials+science+and+engineering&rft.au=Ebenezer+Annan&rft.au=Emmanuel+Nyankson&rft.au=Benjamin+Agyei-Tuffour&rft.au=Stephen+Kofi+Armah&rft.date=2021&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.issn=1687-8434&rft.eissn=1687-8442&rft.volume=2021&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155%2F2021%2F6679422&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_365ba1998de741c0a1307d0219833cbd
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1687-8434&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1687-8434&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1687-8434&client=summon