HLA population genetics: a Lebanese population
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQB1 and DPB1 loci were typed at high resolution. This study shows that information theory, as originally developed by Claude Shannon in 1948,...
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| Published in | Tissue antigens Vol. 80; no. 4; pp. 341 - 355 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.10.2012
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQB1 and DPB1 loci were typed at high resolution. This study shows that information theory, as originally developed by Claude Shannon in 1948, provides a promising theoretical foundation to study the population genetics of a genetic system like HLA.
Although Lebanese carry HLA alleles found in other populations, the association of these alleles into haplotypes is quite unique. Comparisons are made with the main ethnic groups. Two haplotypes well represented in the Lebanese population are not identified in any global population: L1 = {A*26:01:01 ‐ B*35:01:01:01‐ C*04:01:01:01‐ DRB1*16:01:01 ‐ DRB5*02:02 ‐ DQB1*05:02:01} and L2 = {A*02:02 ‐ B*41:01‐ C*17:01:01:01 ‐DRB1*11:04:01 ‐ DRB3*02:02:01:01‐ DQB1*03:01:01:01}.
By studying linkage disequilibrium in two blocks at a time, with the division of the blocks at different levels in consecutive cycles, conserved haplotypes in full linkage disequilibrium come to light, such as {A*26:01:01‐ B*35:01:01:01 ‐ C*04:01:01:01 ‐ DRB1*16:01:01 ‐ DRB5*02:02 ‐ DQB1*05:02:01‐ DPB1*03:01:01} and {A*33:01:01 ‐ B*14:02:01 ‐ C*08:02:01 ‐ DRB1*01:02:01‐ DQB1*05:01:01:01 ‐ DPB1*04:01:01:01}. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Human leukocyte antigen (
HLA
) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C,
DRB1
,
DRB3
/4/5,
DQB1
and
DPB1
loci were typed at high resolution. This study shows that information theory, as originally developed by Claude Shannon in 1948, provides a promising theoretical foundation to study the population genetics of a genetic system like
HLA
.
Although Lebanese carry
HLA
alleles found in other populations, the association of these alleles into haplotypes is quite unique. Comparisons are made with the main ethnic groups. Two haplotypes well represented in the Lebanese population are not identified in any global population:
L1
= {
A*26:01:01 ‐ B*35:01:01:01‐ C*04:01:01:01‐
DRB1
*16:01:01 ‐
DRB5
*02:02 ‐
DQB1
*05:02:01
} and
L2
= {
A*02:02 ‐ B*41:01‐ C*17:01:01:01 ‐
DRB1
*11:04:01 ‐
DRB3
*02:02:01:01‐
DQB1
*03:01:01:01
}.
By studying linkage disequilibrium in two blocks at a time, with the division of the blocks at different levels in consecutive cycles, conserved haplotypes in full linkage disequilibrium come to light, such as {
A*26:01:01‐ B*35:01:01:01 ‐ C*04:01:01:01 ‐
DRB1
*16:01:01 ‐
DRB5
*02:02 ‐
DQB1
*05:02:01‐
DPB1
*03:01:01
} and {
A*33:01:01 ‐ B*14:02:01 ‐ C*08:02:01 ‐
DRB1
*01:02:01‐
DQB1
*05:01:01:01 ‐
DPB1
*04:01:01:01
}. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQB1 and DPB1 loci were typed at high resolution. This study shows that information theory, as originally developed by Claude Shannon in 1948, provides a promising theoretical foundation to study the population genetics of a genetic system like HLA. Although Lebanese carry HLA alleles found in other populations, the association of these alleles into haplotypes is quite unique. Comparisons are made with the main ethnic groups. Two haplotypes well represented in the Lebanese population are not identified in any global population: L1 = {A*26:01:01 - B*35:01:01:01- C*04:01:01:01- DRB1*16:01:01 - DRB5*02:02 - DQB1*05:02:01} and L2 = {A*02:02 - B*41:01- C*17:01:01:01 -DRB1*11:04:01 - DRB3*02:02:01:01- DQB1*03:01:01:01}. By studying linkage disequilibrium in two blocks at a time, with the division of the blocks at different levels in consecutive cycles, conserved haplotypes in full linkage disequilibrium come to light, such as {A*26:01:01- B*35:01:01:01 - C*04:01:01:01 - DRB1*16:01:01 - DRB5*02:02 - DQB1*05:02:01- DPB1*03:01:01} and {A*33:01:01 - B*14:02:01 - C*08:02:01 - DRB1*01:02:01- DQB1*05:01:01:01 - DPB1*04:01:01:01}. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQB1 and DPB1 loci were typed at high resolution. This study shows that information theory, as originally developed by Claude Shannon in 1948, provides a promising theoretical foundation to study the population genetics of a genetic system like HLA. Although Lebanese carry HLA alleles found in other populations, the association of these alleles into haplotypes is quite unique. Comparisons are made with the main ethnic groups. Two haplotypes well represented in the Lebanese population are not identified in any global population: L1 = {A*26:01:01 - B*35:01:01:01- C*04:01:01:01- DRB1*16:01:01 - DRB5*02:02 - DQB1*05:02:01} and L2 = {A*02:02 - B*41:01- C*17:01:01:01 -DRB1*11:04:01 - DRB3*02:02:01:01- DQB1*03:01:01:01}. By studying linkage disequilibrium in two blocks at a time, with the division of the blocks at different levels in consecutive cycles, conserved haplotypes in full linkage disequilibrium come to light, such as {A*26:01:01- B*35:01:01:01 - C*04:01:01:01 - DRB1*16:01:01 - DRB5*02:02 - DQB1*05:02:01- DPB1*03:01:01} and {A*33:01:01 - B*14:02:01 - C*08:02:01 - DRB1*01:02:01- DQB1*05:01:01:01 - DPB1*04:01:01:01}.Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQB1 and DPB1 loci were typed at high resolution. This study shows that information theory, as originally developed by Claude Shannon in 1948, provides a promising theoretical foundation to study the population genetics of a genetic system like HLA. Although Lebanese carry HLA alleles found in other populations, the association of these alleles into haplotypes is quite unique. Comparisons are made with the main ethnic groups. Two haplotypes well represented in the Lebanese population are not identified in any global population: L1 = {A*26:01:01 - B*35:01:01:01- C*04:01:01:01- DRB1*16:01:01 - DRB5*02:02 - DQB1*05:02:01} and L2 = {A*02:02 - B*41:01- C*17:01:01:01 -DRB1*11:04:01 - DRB3*02:02:01:01- DQB1*03:01:01:01}. By studying linkage disequilibrium in two blocks at a time, with the division of the blocks at different levels in consecutive cycles, conserved haplotypes in full linkage disequilibrium come to light, such as {A*26:01:01- B*35:01:01:01 - C*04:01:01:01 - DRB1*16:01:01 - DRB5*02:02 - DQB1*05:02:01- DPB1*03:01:01} and {A*33:01:01 - B*14:02:01 - C*08:02:01 - DRB1*01:02:01- DQB1*05:01:01:01 - DPB1*04:01:01:01}. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/4/5, DQB1 and DPB1 loci were typed at high resolution. This study shows that information theory, as originally developed by Claude Shannon in 1948, provides a promising theoretical foundation to study the population genetics of a genetic system like HLA. Although Lebanese carry HLA alleles found in other populations, the association of these alleles into haplotypes is quite unique. Comparisons are made with the main ethnic groups. Two haplotypes well represented in the Lebanese population are not identified in any global population: L1 = {A*26:01:01 ‐ B*35:01:01:01‐ C*04:01:01:01‐ DRB1*16:01:01 ‐ DRB5*02:02 ‐ DQB1*05:02:01} and L2 = {A*02:02 ‐ B*41:01‐ C*17:01:01:01 ‐DRB1*11:04:01 ‐ DRB3*02:02:01:01‐ DQB1*03:01:01:01}. By studying linkage disequilibrium in two blocks at a time, with the division of the blocks at different levels in consecutive cycles, conserved haplotypes in full linkage disequilibrium come to light, such as {A*26:01:01‐ B*35:01:01:01 ‐ C*04:01:01:01 ‐ DRB1*16:01:01 ‐ DRB5*02:02 ‐ DQB1*05:02:01‐ DPB1*03:01:01} and {A*33:01:01 ‐ B*14:02:01 ‐ C*08:02:01 ‐ DRB1*01:02:01‐ DQB1*05:01:01:01 ‐ DPB1*04:01:01:01}. |
| Author | Khoriaty, Evelyne Troiano, Maria Andreani, Marco Monsef, Jad Bou Fernandez-Vina, Marcelo Cano, Pedro Inati, Adlette Testi, Manuela Galluccio, Tiziana |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994155$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_imlet_2021_07_005 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1175135 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_humimm_2019_05_003 crossref_primary_10_1111_tan_13368 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lpm_2019_09_009 crossref_primary_10_1093_rheumatology_keae366 crossref_primary_10_1111_tan_12352 |
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| Copyright | 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. |
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| Notes | Appendix S1 Haplotypes and complete linkage disequilibrium data.Table S1 HLA-A allele frequencies in a Lebanese populationTable S2 HLA-B allele frequencies in a Lebanese populationTable S3 HLA-C allele frequencies in a Lebanese populationTable S4 HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies in a Lebanese populationTable S5 HLA-DRB3/4/5 allele frequencies in a Lebanese populationTable S6 HLA-DQB1 allele frequencies in a Lebanese populationTable S7 HLA-DPB1 allele frequencies in a Lebanese populationTable S8 HLA genetic diversity in Lebanese compared to European (comparison of the homozygosity ration to entropy as measures of genetic diversity.)Table S9 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: B vs CTable S10 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: A vs B-CTable S11 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: DRB1 vs DQB1Table S12 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: B-C vs DRB1-DQB1 (including DRB1-DRB3/4/5-DQB1)Table S13 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: A-B-C vs DRB1-DQB1Table S14 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: A vs B-C-DRB1-DQB1Table S15 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: DRB1-DQB1 vs DPB1Table S16 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: A-B-C vs DRB1-DQB1-DPB1Table S17 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: A vs B-C-DRB1-DQB1-DPB1Table S18 Linkage disequilibrium in a Lebanese population: A-B-C-DRB1-DQB1 vs DPB1Table S19 Significant allele frequency differences between Lebanese and European populationsTable S20 Significant B-C block frequency differences between Lebanese and European populationsTable S21 Significant DR-DQ block frequency differences between Lebanese and European populationsTable S22 Comparison of haplotype frequencies in Lebanese and other ethnic groups. Frequencies are presented as the negative logarithm of the frequency. High frequency in green. Unique Lebanese haplotypes highlighted in brownTable S23 Typing ambiguities not resolvedFigure S1 Comparison of homozygosity and entropy for individual alleles. There is good correlation between the two measures, except when the homozygosity is less than 20%.Figure S2 Entropy as a function of allele frequency (compare with Figure S3)Figure S3 Homozygosity as a function of allele frequency (compare with Figure S2)Figure S4 Entropy growth with the number of alleles. The blue line shows the line of maximum entropy, which occurs when the alleles are evenly distributed. The orange line shows a typical HLA locus, HLA-B in this case. As the number of alleles identified grows, their contribution of total entropy and to genetic diversity quickly slows down becoming irrelevant (here the entropy is calculated with logs in base 2 and a constant of 15).Figure S5 Circular relationship of delta prime (D′) and mutual information I(X;Y) when cell a (X ∧ Y) in 2 × 2 table increases progressively with constant b (X ∧ ¬Y) , c (¬X ∧ Y) and d (¬X ∧ ¬Y) . Both D′ and I(X;Y) first increase and then decrease as the values in cell a progressively increase, but they do it at different rates and in different fashion. This up and down behaviour is caused by fact that the effect of the increase in a depends on the increase of d, if d is constant, there is a point at which the effect of the increase of a disappears. In order to assess the usefulness of D′ and I(X;Y) as measures of linkage disequilibrium one can compare point P to point Q, and then point R to point S, and their corresponding 2 × 2 tables. Is it more important to measure the increase in linkage disequilibrium when moving from point L to point M, or is rather more important to measure the increase when moving from point L to point Q? Which is the point of maximum linkage disequilibrium, point M or point Q?Figure S6 In order to assist in the answer to the questions presented in Figure S7, we include here two other measures of association that could also be used to measure linkage disequilibrium, the statistic chi square and the Ochiai geometric distance measure. Although point Q seems to have more weight than point P in terms of association and therefore linkage disequilibrium, and therefore favouring mutual information over delta prime as a measure of linkage disequilibrium, it must be emphasise, however, that each measure is actually measuring something different. The main advantage we see with mutual information is that it can be integrated with other information measures into a coherent account of descriptive population genetics given by the equations presented in section 2.4. Shannon's information theory and population genetics.Figure S7 Relationship of chi square and mutual information I(X;Y). In our study, we chose a level of I(X;Y) > 0.1 to screen for associations between alleles or blocks of alleles that could show relevant linkage disequilibrium. ArticleID:TAN1936 ark:/67375/WNG-D86X9J27-9 istex:B08276A993D5EF19C6497524BAA3615C37697D49 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 |
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| PublicationDate | 2012-10 October 2012 2012-10-00 2012-Oct 20121001 |
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| PublicationTitle | Tissue antigens |
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| References | Stayoussef M, Benmansour J, Al-Jenaidi FA et al. Influence of common and specific HLA-DRB1/DQB1 haplotypes on genetic susceptibilities of three distinct Arab populations to type 1 diabetes. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2009: 16: 136-8. Al-Jenaidi FA, Wakim-Ghorayeb SF, Al-Abbasi A et al. Contribution of selective HLA-DRB1/DQB1 alleles and haplotypes to the genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes among Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005: 90: 5104-9. Oumhani K, Canossi A, Piancatelli D et al. Sequence-based analysis of the HLA-DRB1 polymorphism in Metalsa Berber and Chaouya Arabic-speaking groups from Morocco. Hum Immunol 2002: 63: 129-38. Shammaa D, Khansa S, Zaatari G, Mahfouz RA. First report on HLA-DPB1 gene allelic distribution in the general Lebanese population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010: 14: 259-61. Begovich AB, McClure GR, Suraj VC et al. Polymorphism, recombination, and linkage disequilibrium within the HLA class II region. J Immunol 1992: 148: 249-58. Abi-Rached L, Jobin MJ, Kulkarni S et al. The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans. Science 2011: 334: 89-94. Nei M, Roychoudhury AK. Gene differences between Caucasian, Negro, and Japanese populations. Science 1972: 177: 434-6. Samaha H, Rahal EA, Abou-Jaoude M, Younes M, Dacchache J, Hakime N. HLA class II allele frequencies in the Lebanese population. Mol Immunol 2003: 39: 1079-81. Cano P, Klitz W, Mack S et al. Common and well-documented HLA alleles: report of the ad-hoc committee of the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Hum Immunol 2007: 68: 392-417. Almawi WY, Wakim-Ghorayeb SF, Arekat MR et al. Association of selective HLA class II susceptibility-conferring and protective haplotypes with type 2 diabetes in patients from Bahrain and Lebanon. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2006: 13: 1296-8. Abdelnoor AM, Abdelnoor M, Heneine W et al. Major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens frequencies in selected groups of Lebanese. Transplant Proc 2001: 33: 2839-40. Choukri F, Chakib A, Himmich H, Raissi H, Caillat-Zucman S. HLA class I polymorphism in a Moroccan population from Casablanca. Eur J Immunogenet 2002: 29: 205-11. Almawi WY, Busson M, Tamim H et al. HLA class II profile and distribution of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles and haplotypes among Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2004: 11: 770-4. Watterson GA. The homozygosity test of neutrality. Genetics 1978: 88: 405-17. Cano P, Mack S, Fernandez-Vina M. The CWD allele catalog in China. Hum Immunol 2012: 73: 60. Buhler S, Megarbane A, Lefranc G, Tiercy JM, Sanchez-Mazas A. HLA-C molecular characterization of a Lebanese population and genetic structure of 39 populations from Europe to India-Pakistan. Tissue Antigens 2006: 68: 44-57. Farjadian S, Ghaderi A. HLA class II genetic diversity in Arabs and Jews of Iran. Iran J Immunol 2007: 4: 85-93. Canossi A, Piancatelli D, Aureli A et al. Correlation between genetic HLA class I and II polymorphisms and anthropological aspects in the Chaouya population from Morocco (Arabic speaking). Tissue Antigens 2010: 76: 177-93. He J, Li Y, Bao X et al. Common and well-documented (CWD) alleles of human leukocyte antigen-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 loci for the Chinese Han population do not quite correlate with the ASHI CWD alleles. Hum Immunol 2012: 73: 61-6. Maiers M, Gragert L, Klitz W. High-resolution HLA alleles and haplotypes in the United States population. Hum Immunol 2007: 68: 779-88. Almawi WY, Abou-Jaoude MM, Tamim H et al. Distribution of HLA class II (DRB1/DQB1) alleles and haplotypes among Bahraini and Lebanese Arabs. Transplant Proc 2004: 36: 1844-6. 2004; 11 2010; 76 2011; 334 2010; 14 2002; 29 2002; 63 2006; 13 2006; 68 1978; 88 2005; 90 2004; 36 1992; 148 2003; 39 2007; 4 1993 2001; 33 1972; 177 2009; 16 2007; 68 2012; 73 e_1_2_6_21_1 e_1_2_6_10_1 e_1_2_6_20_1 Farjadian S (e_1_2_6_12_1) 2007; 4 Begovich AB (e_1_2_6_19_1) 1992; 148 e_1_2_6_9_1 Almawi WY (e_1_2_6_8_1) 2004; 11 e_1_2_6_5_1 e_1_2_6_4_1 e_1_2_6_7_1 e_1_2_6_6_1 e_1_2_6_13_1 e_1_2_6_25_1 e_1_2_6_14_1 e_1_2_6_24_1 e_1_2_6_3_1 e_1_2_6_11_1 e_1_2_6_23_1 e_1_2_6_2_1 e_1_2_6_22_1 e_1_2_6_17_1 e_1_2_6_18_1 e_1_2_6_15_1 e_1_2_6_16_1 |
| References_xml | – reference: Abi-Rached L, Jobin MJ, Kulkarni S et al. The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans. Science 2011: 334: 89-94. – reference: Almawi WY, Busson M, Tamim H et al. HLA class II profile and distribution of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles and haplotypes among Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2004: 11: 770-4. – reference: Farjadian S, Ghaderi A. HLA class II genetic diversity in Arabs and Jews of Iran. Iran J Immunol 2007: 4: 85-93. – reference: Canossi A, Piancatelli D, Aureli A et al. Correlation between genetic HLA class I and II polymorphisms and anthropological aspects in the Chaouya population from Morocco (Arabic speaking). Tissue Antigens 2010: 76: 177-93. – reference: Almawi WY, Wakim-Ghorayeb SF, Arekat MR et al. Association of selective HLA class II susceptibility-conferring and protective haplotypes with type 2 diabetes in patients from Bahrain and Lebanon. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2006: 13: 1296-8. – reference: Choukri F, Chakib A, Himmich H, Raissi H, Caillat-Zucman S. HLA class I polymorphism in a Moroccan population from Casablanca. Eur J Immunogenet 2002: 29: 205-11. – reference: Shammaa D, Khansa S, Zaatari G, Mahfouz RA. First report on HLA-DPB1 gene allelic distribution in the general Lebanese population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010: 14: 259-61. – reference: Buhler S, Megarbane A, Lefranc G, Tiercy JM, Sanchez-Mazas A. HLA-C molecular characterization of a Lebanese population and genetic structure of 39 populations from Europe to India-Pakistan. Tissue Antigens 2006: 68: 44-57. – reference: Oumhani K, Canossi A, Piancatelli D et al. Sequence-based analysis of the HLA-DRB1 polymorphism in Metalsa Berber and Chaouya Arabic-speaking groups from Morocco. Hum Immunol 2002: 63: 129-38. – reference: Abdelnoor AM, Abdelnoor M, Heneine W et al. Major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens frequencies in selected groups of Lebanese. Transplant Proc 2001: 33: 2839-40. – reference: Maiers M, Gragert L, Klitz W. High-resolution HLA alleles and haplotypes in the United States population. Hum Immunol 2007: 68: 779-88. – reference: Samaha H, Rahal EA, Abou-Jaoude M, Younes M, Dacchache J, Hakime N. HLA class II allele frequencies in the Lebanese population. Mol Immunol 2003: 39: 1079-81. – reference: Nei M, Roychoudhury AK. Gene differences between Caucasian, Negro, and Japanese populations. Science 1972: 177: 434-6. – reference: Watterson GA. The homozygosity test of neutrality. Genetics 1978: 88: 405-17. – reference: Cano P, Mack S, Fernandez-Vina M. The CWD allele catalog in China. Hum Immunol 2012: 73: 60. – reference: Stayoussef M, Benmansour J, Al-Jenaidi FA et al. Influence of common and specific HLA-DRB1/DQB1 haplotypes on genetic susceptibilities of three distinct Arab populations to type 1 diabetes. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2009: 16: 136-8. – reference: Almawi WY, Abou-Jaoude MM, Tamim H et al. Distribution of HLA class II (DRB1/DQB1) alleles and haplotypes among Bahraini and Lebanese Arabs. Transplant Proc 2004: 36: 1844-6. – reference: Begovich AB, McClure GR, Suraj VC et al. Polymorphism, recombination, and linkage disequilibrium within the HLA class II region. J Immunol 1992: 148: 249-58. – reference: Cano P, Klitz W, Mack S et al. Common and well-documented HLA alleles: report of the ad-hoc committee of the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Hum Immunol 2007: 68: 392-417. – reference: Al-Jenaidi FA, Wakim-Ghorayeb SF, Al-Abbasi A et al. Contribution of selective HLA-DRB1/DQB1 alleles and haplotypes to the genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes among Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005: 90: 5104-9. – reference: He J, Li Y, Bao X et al. Common and well-documented (CWD) alleles of human leukocyte antigen-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 loci for the Chinese Han population do not quite correlate with the ASHI CWD alleles. 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Correlation between genetic HLA class I and II polymorphisms and anthropological aspects in the Chaouya population from Morocco (Arabic speaking) publication-title: Tissue Antigens – volume: 73 start-page: 61 year: 2012 end-page: 6 article-title: Common and well‐documented (CWD) alleles of human leukocyte antigen‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, and ‐DQB1 loci for the Chinese Han population do not quite correlate with the ASHI CWD alleles publication-title: Hum Immunol – volume: 29 start-page: 205 year: 2002 end-page: 11 article-title: HLA class I polymorphism in a Moroccan population from Casablanca publication-title: Eur J Immunogenet – volume: 68 start-page: 779 year: 2007 end-page: 88 article-title: High‐resolution HLA alleles and haplotypes in the United States population publication-title: Hum Immunol – volume: 148 start-page: 249 year: 1992 end-page: 58 article-title: Polymorphism, recombination, and linkage disequilibrium within the HLA class II region publication-title: J Immunol – volume: 88 start-page: 405 year: 1978 end-page: 17 article-title: The homozygosity test of neutrality publication-title: Genetics – volume: 73 start-page: 60 year: 2012 article-title: The CWD allele catalog in China publication-title: Hum Immunol – volume: 33 start-page: 2839 year: 2001 end-page: 40 article-title: Major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens frequencies in selected groups of Lebanese publication-title: Transplant Proc – volume: 334 start-page: 89 year: 2011 end-page: 94 article-title: The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans publication-title: Science – volume: 14 start-page: 259 year: 2010 end-page: 61 article-title: First report on HLA‐DPB1 gene allelic distribution in the general Lebanese population publication-title: Genet Test Mol Biomarkers – volume: 177 start-page: 434 year: 1972 end-page: 6 article-title: Gene differences between Caucasian, Negro, and Japanese populations publication-title: Science – volume: 90 start-page: 5104 year: 2005 end-page: 9 article-title: Contribution of selective HLA‐DRB1/DQB1 alleles and haplotypes to the genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes among Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab – volume: 11 start-page: 770 year: 2004 end-page: 4 article-title: HLA class II profile and distribution of HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 alleles and haplotypes among Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs publication-title: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol – volume: 4 start-page: 85 year: 2007 end-page: 93 article-title: HLA class II genetic diversity in Arabs and Jews of Iran publication-title: Iran J Immunol – volume: 68 start-page: 44 year: 2006 end-page: 57 article-title: HLA‐C molecular characterization of a Lebanese population and genetic structure of 39 populations from Europe to India‐Pakistan publication-title: Tissue Antigens – year: 1993 – volume: 13 start-page: 1296 year: 2006 end-page: 8 article-title: Association of selective HLA class II susceptibility‐conferring and protective haplotypes with type 2 diabetes in patients from Bahrain and Lebanon publication-title: Clin Vaccine Immunol – volume: 39 start-page: 1079 year: 2003 end-page: 81 article-title: HLA class II allele frequencies in the Lebanese population publication-title: Mol Immunol – ident: e_1_2_6_22_1 doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.01.014 – ident: e_1_2_6_4_1 doi: 10.1128/CVI.00206-06 – volume: 11 start-page: 770 year: 2004 ident: e_1_2_6_8_1 article-title: HLA class II profile and distribution of HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 alleles and haplotypes among Lebanese and Bahraini Arabs publication-title: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol – ident: e_1_2_6_5_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00621.x – ident: e_1_2_6_25_1 doi: 10.1126/science.1209202 – ident: e_1_2_6_20_1 doi: 10.1093/genetics/88.2.405 – ident: e_1_2_6_18_1 – volume: 148 start-page: 249 year: 1992 ident: e_1_2_6_19_1 article-title: Polymorphism, recombination, and linkage disequilibrium within the HLA class II region publication-title: J Immunol doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.148.1.249 – ident: e_1_2_6_21_1 doi: 10.1126/science.177.4047.434 – ident: e_1_2_6_24_1 doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.06.005 – ident: e_1_2_6_6_1 doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-1166 – ident: e_1_2_6_17_1 doi: 10.1109/9780470544242 – ident: e_1_2_6_2_1 doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2009.0186 – ident: e_1_2_6_11_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01498.x – ident: e_1_2_6_14_1 doi: 10.1016/S0198-8859(01)00370-6 – ident: e_1_2_6_13_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2370.2002.00289.x – ident: e_1_2_6_15_1 – volume: 4 start-page: 85 year: 2007 ident: e_1_2_6_12_1 article-title: HLA class II genetic diversity in Arabs and Jews of Iran publication-title: Iran J Immunol – ident: e_1_2_6_3_1 doi: 10.1128/CVI.00215-08 – ident: e_1_2_6_7_1 doi: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.07.018 – ident: e_1_2_6_10_1 doi: 10.1016/S0041-1345(01)02211-4 – ident: e_1_2_6_16_1 doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2007.04.005 – ident: e_1_2_6_9_1 doi: 10.1016/S0161-5890(03)00073-7 – ident: e_1_2_6_23_1 doi: 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| Snippet | Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3/4/5,... Human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) typing was done in 426 Lebanese subjects of 88 families, in which 347 haplotypes were identified. The A, B, C, DRB1 , DRB3... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alleles Drb1 protein Ethnic groups Ethnic Groups - genetics Female Gene Frequency Genetic Variation - immunology Genetics, Population Haplotypes Histocompatibility antigen HLA Histocompatibility Testing HLA Antigens - classification HLA Antigens - genetics HLA Antigens - immunology human leukocyte antigen Humans Information Theory Lebanese Lebanon Linkage Disequilibrium Male Molecular Typing Population genetics Tissue typing |
| Title | HLA population genetics: a Lebanese population |
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