Street children in Russia: steps to prevention
This article examines the historical evolution of the development of social policy toward street children in Russia and makes recommendations for prevention. The historical examination begins with the Soviet period, when statistics on social problems were not publicly known. It continues through the...
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| Published in | International journal of social welfare Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 27 - 44 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.01.2009
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | This article examines the historical evolution of the development of social policy toward street children in Russia and makes recommendations for prevention. The historical examination begins with the Soviet period, when statistics on social problems were not publicly known. It continues through the post‐Soviet period when there was an emerging awareness about the increasing number of abused, abandoned children and children living on the streets. Etiological factors, such as child maltreatment and parental substance abuse, are then discussed. Based on these etiological factors, the article then proposes a model in which existing institutions and professionals are supported in facilitating an integrated system of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. This includes improving child protection services and interventions to prevent children leaving their homes, early identification of children who are becoming involved in street life and a continuum of care for children who cannot return home. |
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| AbstractList | This article examines the historical evolution of the development of social policy toward street children in Russia and makes recommendations for prevention. The historical examination begins with the Soviet period, when statistics on social problems were not publicly known. It continues through the post-Soviet period when there was an emerging awareness about the increasing number of abused, abandoned children and children living on the streets. Etiological factors, such as child maltreatment and parental substance abuse, are then discussed. Based on these etiological factors, the article then proposes a model in which existing institutions and professionals are supported in facilitating an integrated system of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. This includes improving child protection services and interventions to prevent children leaving their homes, early identification of children who are becoming involved in street life and a continuum of care for children who cannot return home. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] This article examines the historical evolution of the development of social policy toward street children in Russia and makes recommendations for prevention. The historical examination begins with the Soviet period, when statistics on social problems were not publicly known. It continues through the post‐Soviet period when there was an emerging awareness about the increasing number of abused, abandoned children and children living on the streets. Etiological factors, such as child maltreatment and parental substance abuse, are then discussed. Based on these etiological factors, the article then proposes a model in which existing institutions and professionals are supported in facilitating an integrated system of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. This includes improving child protection services and interventions to prevent children leaving their homes, early identification of children who are becoming involved in street life and a continuum of care for children who cannot return home. This article examines the historical evolution of the development of social policy toward street children in Russia and makes recommendations for prevention. The historical examination begins with the Soviet period, when statistics on social problems were not publicly known. It continues through the post-Soviet period when there was an emerging awareness about the increasing number of abused, abandoned children and children living on the streets. Etiological factors, such as child maltreatment and parental substance abuse, are then discussed. Based on these etiological factors, the article then proposes a model in which existing institutions and professionals are supported in facilitating an integrated system of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. This includes improving child protection services and interventions to prevent children leaving their homes, early identification of children who are becoming involved in street life and a continuum of care for children who cannot return home. Accepted for publication December 6, 2007. Adapted from the source document. This article examines the historical evolution of the development of social policy toward street children in Russia and makes recommendations for prevention. The historical examination begins with the Soviet period, when statistics on social problems were not publicly known. It continues through the post-Soviet period when there was an emerging awareness about the increasing number of abused, abandoned children and children living on the streets. Etiological factors, such as child maltreatment and parental substance abuse, are then discussed. Based on these etiological factors, the article then proposes a model in which existing institutions and professionals are supported in facilitating in integrated system of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. This includes improving child protection services and interventions to prevent children leaving their homes, early identification of children who are becoming who cannot return home. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing |
| Author | Bonner, Barbara L. Balachova, Tatiana N. Levy, Sheldon |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/0145-2134(94)00124-D 10.2753/RSS1061-1428400141 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1989.tb01652.x 10.1136/qshc.2005.014605 10.2753/RSS1061-1428410456 10.1177/0020872805057083 10.1177/0907568205058603 10.1111/1467-954X.00346 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90026-4 10.1136/bmj.331.7530.1418 10.2753/RES1060-9393440643 10.1016/S0145-2134(97)00137-3 10.1177/0020872805050491 |
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| Notes | ark:/67375/WNG-FCP5ZD2K-1 istex:3A88CC7A64C15040242308126C9A6846971F5986 ArticleID:IJSW573 have reported data suggesting a 10‐point correction on WISC interpretations. The tradition of Russian clinical psychology to combine testing with qualitative analyses of responses to experimental tasks and analysis include both test results and ‘pathopsychological investigations’. This helps to overcome the weakness associated with having few reliable tests and provides more reliable psychological evaluations. Note that most psychological tests have not been fully standardised in Russia. For example, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) of 1949 is still being used in Russia. A Russian version of the scale was prepared in 1973. The sample used was not representative for children of the Soviet Union at that time, and these scales are certainly not appropriate for Russian children at the beginning of the 21st century. Data on the fluctuation of IQ scores over time are not available, and the Flynn effect (the tendency of IQ scores to increase across generations; see Kanaya, Scullin & Ceci, 2003) has not been recognised in Russia. However, psychologists are aware of the discrepancy in diagnostic labels and IQ ranges and several Russian studies During the Soviet period, the system of care for children who were not in parental care included the following: (i) Police Collection and Distribution Departments (‘Priemnic‐Raspredeiitel’) in each large city; (ii) Infants’ homes (‘Dom Rebyenka’), which were state orphanages for infants 0–3; (iii) Children's homes (‘Dyetskii Dom’ or ‘Internat’) – state orphanages for children aged 4–17; and (iv) Boarding institutions (‘Spets‐Internat’ or ‘Psychoneurological Internat’) for children aged 4–17 who were deemed mentally retarded or had other mental health problems or physical disabilities. At age 18 children from regular children's homes or Internats were graduated to live independently on their own. Graduates from ‘Spets‐Internats’ were typically transferred to institutions for adults. These institutions continue to exist in the post‐Soviet period. IREX, International Research and Exchanges Board; USAID, US Agency for International Development. Panasuk, 1973 ; Korobeinikov, 1987 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 |
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| Snippet | This article examines the historical evolution of the development of social policy toward street children in Russia and makes recommendations for prevention.... |
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| SubjectTerms | Child abuse child abuse and neglect child maltreatment Child protection Child welfare Children Children & youth Homeless people Poverty Prevention Russia Russian history Social policy Social services Social welfare street children |
| Title | Street children in Russia: steps to prevention |
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