Acrolein Can Cause Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

• Published in: Cardiovascular toxicology Vol. 17; no. 3; pp. 227 - 236
• Main Authors: Henning, Robert J., Johnson, Giffe T., Coyle, Jayme P., Harbison, Raymond D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.07.2017; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acrolein; Acrolein - adverse effects; Animals; Apoptosis; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Burning; Cardiology; Cardiomyopathy; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - chemically induced; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism; Chronic exposure; Cigarette Smoking - adverse effects; Cigarette Smoking - epidemiology; Cigarettes; Cooking; Environmental Pollutants - adverse effects; Epidemiology; Food; Fuels; Gasoline; Heart diseases; Humans; Inhalation; Nitric oxide; Nitric-oxide synthase; Oils & fats; Organic chemicals; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Oxygen; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Phosphorylation; Protein adducts; Skin; Toxicity; Vasoconstriction; Water in agriculture; Water-supply, Agricultural; Free oxygen radicals; Protein adducts; Glutathione depletion; Unsaturated aldehydes
• DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9396-5
• ISSN: 1530-7905

Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is formed during the burning of gasoline and diesel fuels, cigarettes, woods and plastics. In addition, acrolein is generated during the cooking or frying of food with fats or oils. Acrolein is also used in the synthesis of many organic chemicals and as a biocide in agricultural and industrial water supply systems. The total emissions of acrolein in the United States from all sources are estimated to be 62,660 tons/year. Acrolein is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a high-priority air and water toxicant. Acrolein can exert toxic effects following inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposures that are dose dependent. Cardiovascular tissues are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of acrolein based primarily on in vitro and in vivo studies. Acrolein can generate free oxygen radical stress in the heart, decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide formation, form cytoplasmic and nuclear protein adducts with myocyte and vascular endothelial cell proteins and cause vasospasm. In this manner, chronic exposure to acrolein can cause myocyte dysfunction, myocyte necrosis and apoptosis and ultimately lead to cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure. Epidemiological studies of acrolein exposure and toxicity should be developed and treatment strategies devised that prevent or significantly limit acrolein cardiovascular toxicity.