Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms
This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and resp...
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| Published in | Frontiers in nutrition (Lausanne) Vol. 8; p. 693862 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A
09.09.2021
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| Abstract | This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce
VaGAD4
and
VaGAD6
genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce VaGAD4 and VaGAD6 genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans.This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce VaGAD4 and VaGAD6 genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans. This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce VaGAD4 and VaGAD6 genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans. This study aimed to investigate the optimal hypoxic and monosodium glutamate (MSG) stress conditions for the enrichment of γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) in germinating adzuki beans and to reveal the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of GABA accumulation. Using single-factor experiments and response surface model, we investigated the effects of germination time, germination temperature, vacuum time, and MSG concentration on GABA contents, and further explored the activity and gene expression of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) critical rate restriction enzymes during GABA synthesis. The optimal soaking temperature, soaking time, and pH conditions were 35°C, 16 h, and 5, respectively. Furthermore, the optimal germination conditions for optimal GABA enrichment were 48 h, 1.99 mg/ml MSG concentration, germination temperature of 31.49°C, and vacuum time of 15.83 h. Under such conditions, the predicted GABA concentration was 443.57 ± 7.18 mg/100 g, with no significant difference between the predicted and experimental data. The vacuum + MSG (FZM) treatment has a maximum contribution rate of GABA to 38.29%, which significantly increase GABA content, and the increase was associated with increased GAD and PAO activity. In addition, MSG in combination with vacuum treatment could significantly induce VaGAD4 and VaGAD6 genes in 2 days germination of adzuki beans. According to the results of the present study, vacuum + MSG treatment is an effective approach to enhancing GABA accumulation in germinating adzuki beans, which could be employed in enhancing the functional quality of germinating adzuki beans. |
| Author | Zhang, Aiwu Zhao, Liqin Shen, Xinting Xu, Qingpeng Jia, Hongdou Liu, Yong Li, Zhijiang Jiang, Xiujie Gu, Liwei Cao, Dongmei Yuan, Jianbin Zhang, Dongjie |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China 3 Experimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China 1 National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China – name: 3 Experimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China – name: 2 College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Xiujie surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Xiujie – sequence: 2 givenname: Qingpeng surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Qingpeng – sequence: 3 givenname: Aiwu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Aiwu – sequence: 4 givenname: Yong surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yong – sequence: 5 givenname: Liqin surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Liqin – sequence: 6 givenname: Liwei surname: Gu fullname: Gu, Liwei – sequence: 7 givenname: Jianbin surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Jianbin – sequence: 8 givenname: Hongdou surname: Jia fullname: Jia, Hongdou – sequence: 9 givenname: Xinting surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Xinting – sequence: 10 givenname: Zhijiang surname: Li fullname: Li, Zhijiang – sequence: 11 givenname: Dongmei surname: Cao fullname: Cao, Dongmei – sequence: 12 givenname: Dongjie surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Dongjie |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fbio_2023_103224 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43440_025_00697_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foodchem_2024_139829 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_849529 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules27175700 crossref_primary_10_1051_e3sconf_202450305002 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_928805 crossref_primary_10_1139_facets_2022_0106 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2023_1123075 crossref_primary_10_3390_foods13203340 crossref_primary_10_7841_ksbbj_2021_36_4_247 crossref_primary_10_3390_foods13172791 crossref_primary_10_1080_10408398_2023_2204373 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2021_791191 crossref_primary_10_7841_ksbbj_2021_36_4_254 |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2021 Jiang, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhao, Gu, Yuan, Jia, Shen, Li, Cao and Zhang. Copyright © 2021 Jiang, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhao, Gu, Yuan, Jia, Shen, Li, Cao and Zhang. 2021 Jiang, Xu, Zhang, Liu, Zhao, Gu, Yuan, Jia, Shen, Li, Cao and Zhang |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors have contributed equally to this work Edited by: Javier Echeverria, University of Santiago, Chile This article was submitted to Nutrition and Food Science Technology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Nutrition Reviewed by: Mariko Takayama, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Javier Carballo, University of Vigo, Spain |
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| SubjectTerms | adzuki bean germination MSG Nutrition vacuum γ-aminobutyric acid |
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| Title | Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulation in Germinating Adzuki Beans (Vigna angularis) by Vacuum Treatment and Monosodium Glutamate, and the Molecular Mechanisms |
| URI | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2576911360 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8458712 https://doaj.org/article/7d391569d88949e8896f9a5e24ac698e |
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